IMPLEMENT COMPACT TMR TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY, FEED EFFICIENCY AND HEALTH IN DAIRY HERDS

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1 Djurhälso & Utfodringskonferens Niels Bastian Kristensen Cand.agro., Ph.D. SEGES, Dairy & Cattle Farming IMPLEMENT COMPACT TMR TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY, FEED EFFICIENCY AND HEALTH IN DAIRY HERDS

2 Concentrate Roughage COMPACT-TMR IS A DIFFERENT RUMINAL WORLD Separate feeding or poorly mixed TMR Compact TMR profile 2...

3 3...

4 MAINTAINING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHANGING PHYSICAL STRUCTURE Short 3 mm sieve Long 30 mm sieve P DM intake, locked % 0.97 Kg/d Rumination time 374 (6,2 h) 490 (8,2 h) 31% Min/d Ruminal ph Medial % 0.42 Ruminal ph Ventral % 0.66 Ruminal motility % 0.34 PRC/min Ruminal pools: DM % 0.01 Kg Liquid % Kg Total % Kg 4

5 What is dangerous? High Starch, protein or fat level Variation in starch and protein concentration Affects nutrient composition and profile of absorbed nutrients Less dangerous that typically expected

6 OVER-MIXING GRASS-BASED RATIONS ARE VERY DIFFICULT TEST OF 1X-COMPACT-TMR VERSUS 3X- COMPACT-TMR Mixing 1X-compact TMR Soaking over night 20 min structuring mix 45 min final mix Mixing 3X-compact TMR Soaking over night 20 min structuring mix 45 min final mix 90 min extra mixing

7 THE ESSENCE OF FEEDING A FERMENTER IS STABILITY Degraded g/kg Time in rumen, h Corn starch Caustic wheat Sugar beet fibers Sugar 300 %/h Starch 8 - (20) %/h NDF 4 %/h Simple example 24 kg DM/d 70% degraded in rumen Pool 12 kg DM Rate 6%/h

8 Many assumed TMR s have never been mixed! Long straw Grass silage Pellets and small concentrate particles Corn silage

9 This cow has no intention to find the formulated ration

10 Cows find the goodies on the floor

11 No problem to sort even in a pile 1 m high

12 These cows spend far too many hours standing

13 THE COMPACT TMR CONCEPT The formulated ration for the entire herd 24 x 7 Orts minimum 2% (1 kg/cow) Compact TMR 13...

14 3 CRITERIA TO EVALUATE BEFORE WE CAN JUDGE ON IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPACT TMR 1. Evaluate the feed mix 2. Evaluate the behavior of the cows 3. Evaluate the flow in the mixer 14...

15 EVALUATING THE MIX IN THE FEED BUNK Typical Danish situation with grass silage as the skeleton of the mix Grass chunks All feedstuffs disappeared No pellets or small particles on the floor or in the feed Moist and adhering mix Homogenous and short skeleton Never empty feed bunk 15...

16 OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOR AT AND AROUND THE FEED BUNK Cows are eating from the top of the pile, not on the floor! Feed stays in the pile No reaction from cows during feed out No reaction from cows when pushing in feed Orts and feed mix identical upon inspection 16...

17 COMPACT TMR FIRST FEEDING 17...

18 THE PERFECT MIX IS NOT ONLY THEORY! 18...

19 THE STANDARD PROTOCOL VERTICAL AUGERS Phase of mix Ingredients Time I SOAKING II STRUCTURING III FINISHING Pellets, dry ingredients + 100% of dry weight in water Grass silage, other fibrous feed stuffs, and minerals Corn silage +1 hour (12 hours with sugar beet pulp pellets) Mixing time min Mixing time min Dry matter in mix 36 38% 19...

20 NO FLOW = DANGER! 20...

21 ENTIRE MIX IN MOVEMENT 21...

22 PROBLEM CLEARING THE FEED 22...

23 SIMILAR MODIFICATIONS OF SEVERAL DIFFERENT VERTICAL AUGERS MIXERS 23...

24 NEED FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF FEED MIXER AND FEED MIX 24...

25 MOUNT MAGNETS EVEN WHEN YOU BELIEVE THEY NOT NECESSARY 25...

26 2014 TESTS OF HORIZONTAL AUGER MIXERS 26...

27 27...

28 MIX MORE COMPACT WHEN MIXED IN HORIZONTAL AUGER MIXER Storti Labrador 19, horizontal augers Peecon VME 240, vertical augers 28...

29 HORIZONTAL AUGER MIXERS NEEDS FINAL MIXING TIME OF 20 MIN! 29...

30 RESULTS FROM HERD BASED TESTS IN

31 MILK PRODUCTION RESPONSE APPROX. 5% Relative ECM yield, % of predicted n = 11, P < 0,01 Before With Compact TMR 31...

32 +1.5 KG ECM 34 n = 11, P < 0,01 EKM ydelse, kg/dag Before With Compact TMR 32...

33 LONG TERM POSITIVE EFFECTS OF COMPACT TMR IN 13 HERDS USING THE CONCEPT FOR > 2 YEARS 1,10 Compact TMR introduced Relative ECM yield 1,05 1,00 0, , / / / / / / / 1 Half year

34 FEED EFFICIENCY (NORFOR NEL- EFFICIENCY) Before With Compact TMR

35 REDUCED EATING TIME INCREASED TIME IN STALLS USUALLY A GOOD THING HOWEVER, IF COWS LAY ON A HARD SURFACE THERE MIGHT BE NEGATIVE SIDE EFFECTS 35

36 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS Variable Effect Comments Feed intake + Time budget, stress related to feeding +++ Milk production ++ Feed efficiency + Health +/(+++) Some herds missing body gain in period before intervention has a temporary drop in efficiency Few data at present. Generally positive feedback from hoof trimmers Aerobic stability - Not as affected as feared Wear and diesel

37 COMPACT TMR + HUSDYR 2.0 = BMDC-FEED Closing the big nutritional loop in animal agriculture Feed MIX Ingested ration Analysis Compact TMR/PMR

38 BMDC-FEED Sample Analysis Report/follow up Future feed evaluation & nutrition management 38...

39 COWS INGEST THE PLANNED RATION, THE MIXER MIX ONE RATION, AND THE SAMPLE TIES IT ALL TOGETHER 39...

40 REMOVE EXCESSIVE MATERIAL ON TOP TO AVOID SAMPLE SEPARATION 40...

41 DO SAMPLE REDUCTION ON CLEAN SURFACE, CHAIR MAT IS A GOOD SOLUTION Prepare clean surface Empty barrel, mix and form a cone Flatten pile Separate into quarters Keep alternating diagonal at each reduction cycle 41...

42 CONING AND QUARTERING 1. Reduction 2. Reduction 3. Reduction 4. Reduction 60 L reduced to 4 L 42...

43 HIGH YIELDING DANISH HERDS Milking cows: Greater: Starch, Organic matter digestibility, DCAD, mixing impact (in direction of Compact TMR) Lower: NDF, Sugar, Ash Dry cows: Lower: Organic matter digestibility, DCAD, soluble crude protein

44 THE END OF A PRESENTATION.BUT ONLY THE VERY BEGINNING OF A STORY ON TMR AND HOW WE FACILITATE DEVELOPMENT OF FEEDING STRATEGIES THAT ENABLE COWS TO EXPRESS THEIR PRODUCTION POTENTIAL! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 44...

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