Name: Chem 351 Exam 3
|
|
- Bethanie Kennedy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Multiple hoice: Pick the BEST answer and write it in the box at the end of the section. 1) The TA (Krebs) ycle depends on oxygen availability, though it does not directly use it. How can you best explain oxygen s role? A) Oxygen activates several dehydrogenation reactions in the cycle. B) Oxygen accepts electrons in the electron transport chain, reoxidizing reduced cofactors ) Oxygen is necessary for producing water, which is necessary for everything in living cells. D) Oxygen removes toxic byproducts of the TA cycle and the electron transport chain E) Oxygen does none of the above 2) Which of the following is true about β-oxidation of fatty acids? A) In one round of oxidation, one FADH 2 and one NADPH are produced. B) It happens the same way, with the same energy yield, for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. ) In each round, the fatty acid is oxidized at -3 (the β-carbon) to remove a twocarbon unit. D) It occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. E) Lipoprotein lipase catalyzes the first step in oxidation. 3) The carbon atoms from a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-oa and: A) butyrate. B) citrate. ) malate. D) succinyl-oa. E) α-ketoglutarate. 4) Glucose labeled with 14 in -1 is completely converted to pyruvate. What atom will carry the label in pyruvate when the first radioactive pyruvate is formed? A) the carboxylate carbon. B) the carbonyl carbon (in the middle). ) both A and B. D) the methyl carbon E) none of the carbons 5) The citric acid cycle and the urea cycle overlap. Which of these statements best describes this overlap? A) Aspartate can be converted to oxaloacetate. B) Aspartate combines with citrulline. ) Fumarate is a citric acid cycle intermediate. D) Fumarate is formed in the urea cycle. E) All of the above are true 1
2 6) Which of the following statements is true about the variation in mitochondria isolated from different tissue? A) Mitochondria isolated from different tissues have vastly different structures because they perform completely different functions in their cells. B) Structural differences between mitochondria do relate to cell/tissue energy requirements and can best be seen in the cristae. ) The most obvious difference between mitochondria isolated from different tissues can be seen in the surface structure of the outer mitochondrial membrane. D) While the mitochondria coming from different tissues have basically the same structure, their protein and lipid compositions vary widely as a result of tissue requirements. E) There is no real difference in mitochondria structure, since its function is universal. 7) The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3- phosphoglycerate involve all of the following, except? A) ATP synthesis. B) catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase. ) oxidation of NADH to NAD +. D) the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. E) utilization of P i. 8) In humans, all of the pathways that pyruvate can take: A) are aerobic and require oxygen. B) ultimately reduce NAD+ to NADH. ) lead to the reoxidation of NADH to NAD+. D) yield equal amounts of ATP to the cell. E) lower the ph (increase acidity) of the cell. 9) Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is false: A) The reactions occur in the cytosol. B) It produces sugars for biosynthetic reactions. ) It generate NADH for reductive biosynthesis. D) It occurs in many types of cells. E) None of the above are false. 10) Which of the following has the effect of increasing glycogen breakdown in a cell? A) increased levels of camp B) increased AMP/ATP ratio ) increased blood levels of glucagon D) A and only E) A, B, 2
3 11) An enzyme used in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is: A) glucose 6-phophatase. B) 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. ) hexokinase. D) phosphofructokinase-1. E) pyruvate kinase. 12) Ketone bodies are formed in the liver and transported to the extrahepatic tissues mainly as: A) acetoacetyl-oa. B) acetone. ) β-hydroxybutyric acid. D) β-hydroxybutyryl-oa. E) lactic acid. 13) In normal mitochondria, the rate of NADH consumption (oxidation) will: A) be increased in active muscle, decreased in inactive muscle. B) be very low if the ATP synthase is inhibited, but increase when an uncoupler is added. ) decrease if mitochondrial ADP is depleted. D) decrease when cyanide is used to prevent electron transfer through the cytochrome a + a3 complex. E) All of the above are true. 14) Which of the following is not true regarding phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)? A) It is inhibited by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate B) It is inhibited by citrate ) It is inhibited by ATP D) It is activated by a high AMP/ATP ratio in the cell E) It is a main regulatory enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. 15) When glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate, releasing free NH 4 +, the reaction is best described as: A) Amidation B) Hydrolysis ) Oxidative deamination D) Reductive deamination E) Transamination
4 1) Short Answer: True or False Regarding glycogenin: Regarding glycogen regulation: Glycogenin regulates glycogen synthase activity Glycogenin is covalently bound to the end of a growing glycogen chain during synthesis. Glycogenin forms branches in glycogen Glycogen synthase uses glucose as a substrate. Glycogen phosphorylase is only active in the liver. Glycogen synthase is phosphorylated when it is adding glucose monomers to the glycogen chain. Glycogen phosphorylase is a substrate for a kinase. 2) Fat Digestion: For each of the following short fats: 1) give the name of the enzyme that would directly use the fat as its substrate during breakdown, 2) draw the resulting product, and 3) indicate whether anything else forms. (4 points each) 1) A) SoA 2) OH O 3) B) 1) O SoA 2) 3) ) 1) O SoA 2) 3) 4
5 3) The following picture represents the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver. Please provide the missing information (6 points) A) What atom or group is attached to the H 2 in Form II? insulin B) What atom or group is attached to the H 2 in Form III? Form I Form II Form III ) What does this represent? D) What is IN this site? E) Which form above is most active, and what is it called? 4) For boxes A-E, indicate (using an arrow) the direction of the equilibrium that would be observed under the hormonal influences indicated (5 points) A) B) D) ) E) For each of the liver enzymes/activities listed below, circle whether the glucagon signal will increase, decrease, or have no effect on the level of its activity (k cat ). F) Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase increase decrease no effect G) UDP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase increase decrease no effect 5
6 5) Energy alculations! R = 8.3 J/molK T= 298K F (Faraday constant) = 96,500 J/V. mol Reaction Standard reduction potential (E ) (volts) Fumarate + 2H e - succinate FAD + 2H + + 2e - FADH NAD + + H + + 2e - NADH Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate + 2H e - glycerol-3-phosphate A) For the following reaction: Glycerol-3-phosphate + NAD + NADH + H + + dihydroxyacetone phosphate 1) alculate ΔE for the reaction. 2) alculate ΔG for the reaction. B) If all of the ingredients listed in the table were mixed together in equal concentrations (with enzymes available to carry electrons), which compound would be reduced? (circle one) NAD + FAD fumarate dihydroxyacetone-phosphate none of these Reaction Standard ΔG (kj/mol) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate fructose-6-phosphate + P i ATP ADP ) onsider the following reaction: Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + ADP 1) Using the information in the table above, calculate ΔG for the reaction: 2) alculate the K eq for this reaction at 25 (298K). 3) If the actual concentrations of the substrates and products inside a compartment were maintained as follows, how would this affect the ΔG rxn? alculate Q in your answer. [fructose-1,6-bisphosphate] = 2 mm Fructose-6-phosphate] = 0.1 mm [ADP] = 2.4 mm [ATP] = 0.02 mm 6
7 6) Transport R = 8.3 J/molK T= 298K F (Faraday constant) = 96,500 J/V. mol A) Proton-motive force 1) alculate the proton-motive force across a biological membrane. V m = V, and the difference in ph is 1.43 units. B) For each of the following transporters, choose the letter that best describes the transport event that occurs, then provide the solute(s) moved by the transporter (1 pt. each) 1) inorganic phosphate translocase during active oxidative phosphorylation activity. Type of transport (circle one): Uniport Antiport Symport Solute(s) moved: 2) carnitine shuttle transporter while fats are being consumed at a high rate. Type of transport (circle one): Uniport Antiport Symport Solute(s) moved: 7) Bypass 1: (2 points each) A) omplete the reaction by providing the curved arrows necessary for this one-step mechanism in which oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate. B)What enzyme catalyzes this reaction? ) If this reaction is happening in the matrix, what can you say about the NADH/NAD + ratio in the cytosol of the cell? 7
8 8A) Give the names of the structures indicated with letters and give the substrates and products for each reaction (1, 2) in the electron transport chain shown. Also label the space on the side of the bilayer shown (be specific). space a: Reaction 2 A: A Reaction 1 Reaction 1: B B: Reaction 2: : Space a: B) Which form (i.e. how many electrons is it carrying) of Q is shown? 9) Inhibitors/poisons and other effectors have been used to study the coupling of ATP production and electron transport. For each of the treatments listed below, describe the target of the effector and consider the most likely overall long-term effect on the mitochondria compared to the natural, unaltered rate. Note: all necessary ingredients are present in sufficient levels for the mitochondria to function. A) Atractyloside treatment. Specific target: 1) O 2 consumption (circle one): increases decreases remains the same 2) ATP production (circle one): increases decreases remains the same B) DNP treatment. Specific target: 1) O 2 consumption (circle one): increases decreases remains the same 2) ATP production (circle one): increases decreases remains the same 8
9 10) Glycogen breakdown and glycolysis Under intense catabolic conditions, a muscle cell is actively working to break down its glycogen and produce ATP as quickly as possible. Analyze the following metabolites that form during this entire process. H 2 OH O H 2 OPO -2 3 A H 2 OPO -2 3 H O H OH B H OH 2 OH OH H O H H OH H OPO 3-2 OPO 3-2 H 2 OH H O H H HO H OH H OH D OPO 3-2 A) Provide the letter(s) of the structure(s) that fulfill the descriptions given. If none apply, write none. onsider only the catabolic processes that occur in glycogen breakdown and glycolysis. Which of the above: 1) is/are produced in a reaction that also produces NADH? 2) is/are used as a substrate in a reaction that also uses ATP? 3) is/are used as a substrate in a reaction that produces ATP directly? 4) is/are formed sometime during the payoff phase of glycolysis? B) Name : ) Name D: D) Name the enzyme that produces as a product: E) Because the muscle is using ATP as quickly as it is produced, lactic acid is building up in the cells. Provide the entire reaction (draw structures, name enzyme and other cofactors) in which lactic acid is produced from pyruvate (4 points). 9
10 11) Urea ycle The compounds listed at the right were found in elevated concentrations in the liver cells of mice that were fed large amounts of protein for an extended period of time. After studying the urea cycle in these animals, a few questions were posed. A) arginine B) citrulline ) ornithine D) argininosuccinate E) aspartate A) Which of the compounds (A-E) above (write none if none apply) (2 pts each): 1) move(s) freely between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix during the urea cycle? 2) is/are produced in a urea cycle reaction that utilizes ATP? B) Name the urea cycle enzyme that uses D as its substrate: ) Name the urea cycle enzyme that uses as its substrate. D) Draw B (citrulline) (3 points). E) Draw the products that would result when aspartate (E above) and pyruvate undergo a successful transamination reaction (4 points). 10
11 12) Krebs. OO H H OO A OO H 2 H B OO OO OO H 2 H 2 OO OO O H 2 H 2 OO D The Krebs cycle was examined in cells that were actively respiring. Provide the letter(s) of the structure(s) that fulfill the descriptions given. If none apply, write none. A) Which of the above: 1) Is/are produced in the same step that produces a reduced flavin dinucleotide? 2) Is/are produced in the same step that produces O 2? 3) Is/are produced in the same step that reduces a nicotinamide dinucleotide? 4) Is/are produced in a dehydration reaction? B) At some point, radiolabeled acetyl-oa was introduced to the system (labeled on both acetyl carbon atoms). Place the intermediates above in order based on when each will incorporate the radiolabel (from first to last). ) Name the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction in which 1) A is used as a substrate? 1) D is used as a substrate? D) Write the entire reaction (draw substrates and products, but you can abbreviate cofactors, etc.) catalyzed by citrate synthase (3 points): Multiple hoice: Page Page 4 Page Page 5 Page Page 6 Page Page 7 Total: (+5) 11
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration
More information4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5
1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced
More informationINTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY. BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm Examination April 3, 2007 Name SIS # Make sure that your name or SIS # is on every page. This is the only way we have of matching you with your exam after
More informationYield of energy from glucose
Paper : Module : 05 Yield of Energy from Glucose Principal Investigator, Paper Coordinator and Content Writer Prof. Ramesh Kothari, Professor Dept. of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot - 360005
More informationPhotosynthesis in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. ATP powers most cellular work
Light energy ECOSYSTEM CO + H O Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules + O powers most cellular work Heat energy 1 becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes
More informationCHE 242 Exam 3 Practice Questions
CHE 242 Exam 3 Practice Questions Glucose metabolism 1. Below is depicted glucose catabolism. Indicate on the pathways the following: A) which reaction(s) of glycolysis are irreversible B) where energy
More informationIII. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular
III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways
More informationChemistry 3503 Final exam April 17, Student s name:
Chemistry 3503 Final exam April 17, 2008 Student s name: THIS EXAM IS FOR STUDENTS IN D. CRAIG S SECTION. IF YOU ARE IN M. EZE S SECTION THIS EXAM IS NOT FOR YOU. Part I /40 Part II Question 1 /4 Question
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.
More informationMetabolism. Metabolism. Energy. Metabolism. Energy. Energy 5/22/2016
5//016 Metabolism Metabolism All the biochemical reactions occurring in the body Generating, storing and expending energy ATP Supports body activities Assists in constructing new tissue Metabolism Two
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;
More informationNAME KEY ID # EXAM 3a BIOC 460. Wednesday April 10, Please include your name and ID# on each page. Limit your answers to the space provided!
EXAM 3a BIOC 460 Wednesday April 10, 2002 Please include your name and ID# on each page. Limit your answers to the space provided! 1 1. (5 pts.) Define the term energy charge: Energy charge refers to the
More informationChapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece The
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Assemble polymers, pump substances across membranes, move and reproduce The giant panda Obtains energy for its cells by eating plants which get
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site. Still having trouble understanding the material? Check
More informationPhotosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O. Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP. powers most cellular work. Heat energy
Figure 9-01 LE 9-2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 + H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic + O molecules 2 powers most cellular work Heat energy LE 9-UN161a becomes
More informationGlycolysis Part 2. BCH 340 lecture 4
Glycolysis Part 2 BCH 340 lecture 4 Regulation of Glycolysis There are three steps in glycolysis that have enzymes which regulate the flux of glycolysis These enzymes catalyzes irreversible reactions of
More informationAerobic Respiration. The four stages in the breakdown of glucose
Aerobic Respiration The four stages in the breakdown of glucose 1 I. Aerobic Respiration Why can t we break down Glucose in one step? (Flaming Gummy Bear) Enzymes gently lower the potential energy until
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More information7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Life Is Work Living
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationChemical Energy. Valencia College
9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of
More information7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Life Is Work Living
More informationLink download full of Test Bank for Fundamentals of Biochemistry 4th Edition by Voet
Link download full of Test Bank for Fundamentals of Biochemistry 4th Edition by Voet http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-fundamentals-ofbiochemistry-4th-edition-by-voet/ Chapter 16: Glycogen
More informationEnergy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy
Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular work (ATP) 3. Importance of electrons and
More informationrespiration mitochondria mitochondria metabolic pathways reproduction can fuse or split DRP1 interacts with ER tubules chapter DRP1 ER tubule
mitochondria respiration chapter 3-4 shape highly variable can fuse or split structure outer membrane inner membrane cristae intermembrane space mitochondrial matrix free ribosomes respiratory enzymes
More informationBiol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy to form ATP Cellular Respiration and Metabolism Glucose ATP Pyruvate Lactate Acetyl CoA NAD + Introducing The Players primary substrate for cellular respiration
More information7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: Life Is Work Living
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.2 Light energy
More informationIntegrative Metabolism: Significance
Integrative Metabolism: Significance Energy Containing Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Catabolism Energy Depleted End Products H 2 O NH 3 ADP + Pi NAD + NADP + FAD + Pi NADH+H + NADPH+H + FADH2 Cell
More informationIntegration of Metabolism
Integration of Metabolism Metabolism is a continuous process. Thousands of reactions occur simultaneously in order to maintain homeostasis. It ensures a supply of fuel, to tissues at all times, in fed
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Life Is Work Living cells
More informationThis is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.)
This is an example outline of 3 lectures in BSC 2010. (Thanks to Dr. Ellington for sharing this information.) Topic 10: CELLULAR RESPIRATION (lectures 14-16) OBJECTIVES: 1. Know the basic reactions that
More informationA cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds.
Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Energy and carbon sources in living cells 2. Sources of cellular ATP 3. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular
More informationCELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION
CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete loss of electrons Reduction: partial or complete gain of electrons
More information7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Life Is Work Living cells
More informationCell Respiration Assignment Score. Name Sec.. Date.
Cell Respiration Assignment Score. Name Sec.. Date. Working by alone or in a group, answer the following questions about Cell Respiration. This assignment is worth 30 points with the possible points for
More informationGlycolysis. Degradation of Glucose to yield pyruvate
Glycolysis Degradation of Glucose to yield pyruvate After this Lecture you will be able to answer: For each step of glycolysis: How does it occur? Why does it occur? Is it Regulated? How? What are the
More informationMoh Tarek. Razi Kittaneh. Jaqen H ghar
14 Moh Tarek Razi Kittaneh Jaqen H ghar Naif Karadsheh Gluconeogenesis is making glucose from non-carbohydrates precursors. Although Gluconeogenesis looks like Glycolysis in many steps, it is not the simple
More informationPhysiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004
Name Write your name on the back of the exam Physiological Chemistry II Exam IV Dr. Melissa Kelley April 13, 2004 This examination consists of forty-four questions, each having 2 points. The remaining
More informationCH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms Energy flows into
More informationCh. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)
Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19
More informationMultiple choice: Circle the best answer on this exam. There are 12 multiple choice questions, each question is worth 3 points.
CHEM 4420 Exam 4 Spring 2015 Dr. Stone Page 1 of 6 Name Use complete sentences when requested. There are 120 possible points on this exam. Therefore there are 20 bonus points. Multiple choice: Circle the
More informationUnit 2: Metabolic Processes
How is energy obtained biologically? Recall: Red Ox Reactions Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Oxidation Is the chief mechanism by which chemical potential energy is released This energy comes from reduced
More informationIn glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic
Glycolysis 1 In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic glycolysis. If this pyruvate is converted instead
More informationCampbell Biology 9. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., Lecture on General Biology 1
Lecture on General Biology 1 Campbell Biology 9 th edition Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., chulsuyang@hanyang.ac.kr Infection Biology Lab., Dept. of Molecular & Life
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are exergonic and considered catabolic pathways. Fermentation: partial degradation of sugars that occurs
More informationRespiration. Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: Autotrophs
Respiration rganisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: Autotrophs Able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis Heterotrophs Live on organic compounds produced by
More informationBiology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-2
Biology 638 Biochemistry II Exam-2 Biol 638, Exam-2 (Code-1) 1. Assume that 16 glucose molecules enter into a liver cell and are attached to a liner glycogen one by one. Later, this glycogen is broken-down
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Light energy ECOSYSTEM. Organic molecules CO 2 + H 2 O
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2
More information3.2 Aerobic Respiration
3.2 Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration Catabolic pathways Breaks down energy-rich compounds to make ATP Requires oxygen Occurs in different parts of the cell C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6O 2 (g) 6CO
More informationUniversity of Palestine. Final Exam 2016/2017 Total Grade:
Part 1 : Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1)Which of the following statements about Michaelis-Menten kinetics is correct? a)k m, the Michaelis constant, is defined as the concentration of substrate required
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide Chapter 12 12.1 Identify and differentiate between macronutrients (lipids, amino acids and saccharides) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Master Tutor Section
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with
More informationOVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins), are our only source
More informationNotes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION
AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 Notes NAME DATE HOUR SUMMARY EQUATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete
More informationCitric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism. Entry of Pyruvate into the TCA cycle
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Stage II of catabolism involves the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylcoa In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final
More informationGlucose is the only source of energy in red blood cells. Under starvation conditions ketone bodies become a source of energy for the brain
Glycolysis 4 / The Text :- Some Points About Glucose Glucose is very soluble source of quick and ready energy. It is a relatively stable and easily transported. In mammals, the brain uses only glucose
More informationCitric acid cycle and respiratory chain. Pavla Balínová
Citric acid cycle and respiratory chain Pavla Balínová Mitochondria Structure of mitochondria: Outer membrane Inner membrane (folded) Matrix space (mtdna, ribosomes, enzymes of CAC, β-oxidation of FA,
More informationBiochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins),
More information2. What is molecular oxygen directly converted into? a. Carbon Dioxide b. Water c. Glucose d. None of the Above
Biochem 1 Mock Exam 3 Chapter 11: 1. What is glucose completely oxidized into? a. Carbon Dioxide and Water b. Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen c. Oxygen and Water d. Water and Glycogen 2. What is molecular oxygen
More informationEnergetics of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Energetics of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism 1 Metabolism: The sum of all the chemical transformations taking place in a cell or organism, occurs through a series of enzymecatalyzed reactions that constitute
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
More informationBY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE
BY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE LECTURE CONTENT INTRODUCTION CITRIC ACID CYCLE (T.C.A) PRODUCTION OF ACETYL CoA REACTIONS OF THE CITIRC ACID CYCLE THE AMPHIBOLIC NATURE OF THE T.C.A CYCLE THE GLYOXYLATE CYCLE
More informationCellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3. Glycolysis is only the start. Cellular respiration. Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle.
Cellular Respiration Stage 2 & 3 Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle AP 2006-2007 Biology Glycolysis is only the start Glycolysis glucose pyruvate 6C 2x 3C Pyruvate has more energy to yield 3 more C to strip
More informationReview of Carbohydrate Digestion
Review of Carbohydrate Digestion Glycolysis Glycolysis is a nine step biochemical pathway that oxidizes glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During this process, energy is released and some of it
More informationHow Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration
How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds
More informationCITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM /19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG
CITRIC ACID CYCLE ERT106 BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 1 2018/19 BY: MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG Chapter Outline (19-1) The central role of the citric acid cycle in metabolism (19-2) The overall pathway of the citric
More informationRespiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7
How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on
More informationMETABOLISM Biosynthetic Pathways
METABOLISM Biosynthetic Pathways Metabolism Metabolism involves : Catabolic reactions that break down large, complex molecules to provide energy and smaller molecules. Anabolic reactions that use ATP energy
More information2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.
Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Can be reactions that break things down. (Catabolism) Or reactions that build things up. (Anabolism)
More informationWhat s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP
2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There s got to be a better way!
More informationMetabolic Biochemistry / BIBC 102 Midterm Exam / Spring 2005
Metabolic Biochemistry / BIBC 102 Midterm Exam / Spring 2005 I. (20 points) Fill in all of the enzyme catalyzed reactions which convert glycogen to lactate. Draw the correct structure for each intermediate
More informationLecture 5: Cell Metabolism. Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross
Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross Cellular Respiration Set of reactions that take place during the conversion of nutrients into ATP Intricate regulatory relationship between several
More informationNotes CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION
AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 Notes NAME DATE HOUR SUMMARY EQUATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP) STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: partial or complete
More informationChapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other
More informationElectron transport chain,oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems. M.Kohutiar, B.Sopko
Electron transport chain,oxidative phosphorylation & mitochondrial transport systems. M.Kohutiar, B.Sopko Content 1. Structure of mitochondria Mitochondrial transport systems 2. Electron transport 3. Parts
More informationEnergy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)
Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need
More informationIntegration Of Metabolism
Integration Of Metabolism Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways The basic strategy of catabolic metabolism is to form ATP, NADPH, and building blocks for biosyntheses. 1. ATP is the universal
More informationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and
More informationTutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain
Tutorial 27: Metabolism, Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain Goals: To be able to describe the overall catabolic pathways for food molecules. To understand what bonds are hydrolyzed in the digestion
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular I can describe cellular respiration Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic pathways releasing energy from a foodstuff e.g. glucose. This yields energy in the form of ATP adenosine P i P
More informationBIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates
More informationBiochemistry Prof. S. Dasgupta Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Lecture - 27 Metabolism III
Biochemistry Prof. S. Dasgupta Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Lecture - 27 Metabolism III In the last step of our metabolism of carbohydrates we are going to consider
More informationATP ATP. Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy. The point is to make ATP!
ellular Respiration Harvesting hemical Energy 1 The point is to make! 2 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Heterotrophs eat these organic molecules
More informationRoles of Lipids. principal form of stored energy major constituents of cell membranes vitamins messengers intra and extracellular
Roles of Lipids principal form of stored energy major constituents of cell membranes vitamins messengers intra and extracellular = Oxidation of fatty acids Central energy-yielding pathway in animals. O
More informationHow Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Global Athlete Outreach Program US CytoThesis Systems Medicine Center www.cytothesis.us US OncoTherapy Systems BioMedicine Group CytoThesis Bioengineering Research Group
More informationCHAPTER 16. Glycolysis
CHAPTER 16 Glycolysis Net reaction of Glycolysis Converts: 1 Glucose Hexose stage 2 pyruvate - Two molecules of ATP are produced - Two molecules of NAD + are reduced to NADH Triose stage Glucose + 2 ADP
More informationMetabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose
8/29/11 Metabolism Chapter 5 All of the reactions in the body that require energy transfer. Can be divided into: Cell Respiration and Metabolism Anabolism: requires the input of energy to synthesize large
More informationCellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61)
Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires
More informationChapter 24 Lecture Outline
Chapter 24 Lecture Outline Carbohydrate Lipid and Protein! Metabolism! In the catabolism of carbohydrates, glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, which is then metabolized into acetyl CoA. Prepared
More informationDr. Mohnen s notes on GLUCONEOGENESIS
Dr. Mohnen s notes on GLUCONEOGENESIS Note: Even though we did not get through all of these slides during lecture, I advise you to look them all through because they will be helpful to you as you learn
More informationCarbohydrate Metabolism
OpenStax-CNX module: m46451 1 Carbohydrate Metabolism OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,
More informationMCB 102 Midterm II October 30, 2003
MCB 102 Midterm II October 30, 2003 NAME Student ID Signature TA Relax. There is ample time to finish everything. Only exams answered by using non-erasable ink qualify for possible re-grading. I. (15)
More informationCh 9: Cellular Respiration
Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy
More informationChapter 22, Fatty Acid Metabolism CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 CO 2 R C C O2 CH 2 OH O R. Lipase + 3 H 2 O
hapter 22, Fatty Acid Metabolism Pages: 603-613 I. Introduction - Fatty acids have 4 major physiological roles: - omponents of phospholipids and glycolipids (membranes) - Attachment to Proteins targets
More information