Plant organ systems, regulation and human endocrine systems: 1. Which of the following conditions would NOT cause the stomata to close?

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1 AP Bio Practice Test Plant organ systems, regulation and human endocrine systems: 1. Which of the following conditions would NOT cause the stomata to close? a. Drought b. High temperatures c. Excessive rainfall d. High levels of ABA (abscisic acid) 2. The ancestors of land plants were most likely similar to modern green algae. Which of the following characteristics would you predict to find in the early land plants? a. Xylem and phloem tissue c. Thick, waxy cuticle b. Flagellated sperm d. Photosynthesis 3. In transpiration, the water potential (increases, decreases or stays the same) as you move from the roots up to the leaves. Remember, this number is always negative so it either becomes more negative (increases) less negative (decreases) or stays the same. **Make sure you understand how plants interact with other living organisms to form symbiotic relationships and be able to distinguish between the different types (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism) 4. Which of the following is considered part of the male portion of a flowering plant? a. Stamen c. Style b. Stigma d. Ovary 5. Which plant hormone would you predict to find in the highest levels during germination? a. Gibberellin c. Ethylene b. Cytokinins d. Brassinosteroids 6. Which of the following terms listed below are characteristic of conformers? a. Countercurrent heat exchangers. c. Endothermy b. Torpor d. Ectothermy **Recognize that animals have many adaptations (behavioral, molecular, structural etc) that have come about as a means to regulate body temperatures or water levels. 7. An animals inputs of energy and materials would exceeds its outputs: a. If the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate b. If it is actively foraging for food c. If it is hibernating d. If is growing and increasing in mass e. Never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance. 8. Which of the following animals would you predict to use the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation? a. A hydra (freshwater jelly) d. A desert snake b. A marine jelly e. A desert bird c. A snake in a temperate forest 9. Many medications make the epithelium of the collecting duct less permeable to water. How would taking such a drug affect kidney output? 10. Freshwater fish are hyperosmotic to their surroundings so the must excrete excess water continuously. Their kidneys contain many long, nephrons and produce filtrate at a high rate. They conserve salts by reabsorbing

2 ions from the filtrate in their distal tubules. Given this information, what would you predict about the size and number of nephrons in marine fishes? What would be different about the function of the nephron in marine fishes? 11. Which process of the nephron is the LEAST selective? a. Filtration b. Reabsorption c. Secretion d. Salt pumping by the loop of Henle 12. Let s pretend you just got done eating a super-sized portion of greasy, salty fries from your favorite burger place. What would you predict about the levels of ADH in your bloodstream immediately after a meal like that? a. Less is released c. ADH wouldn t be released, insulin would b. More is released d. ADH levels would remain the same 13. The homoeostatic control of blood sugar by insulin and glucagon is an example of: a. A combustion Reaction c. Negative Feedback b. A reflex arc d. Positive Feedback 14. What is known as the master gland of the endocrine system? Why? 15. This gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH): a. Adrenal gland b. Hypothalamus 16. Endocrine glands secrete directly into what area of the body? a. Heart b. Brain c. Posterior pituitary c. Bone Marrow d. Bloodstream 17. Describe the differences in steroid hormones and protein (or peptide) hormones. Make sure you understand how they communicate with cells to cause a response. 18. Which of the following is NOT a possible change brought on by hormones? a. Changes in the plasma permeability b. Synthesizes proteins or other regulatory molecules c. Activation or deactivation of enzymes d. Promotes secretory activity in a gland e. Stimulates mitosis f. Conduct electrical impulses from a gland to a nerve cell 19. Describe an example of a hormone and how it is used to maintain homeostasis (hint: refer to your notes and the example you chose) 20. Which major gland is found directly behind your sternum? a. Hypothalamus b. Adrenal c. Thyroid

3 21. Which of the following is responsible for synthesizing HGH? a. Anterior Pituitary b. Posterior Pituitary c. Pancreas d. Thyroid 22. **Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is important in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. ADH is released from the hypothalamus in response to high tissue osmolarity. In response to ADH, the collecting duct and distal tubule in the kidney become more permeable to water, which increases water reabsorption into the capillaries. The amount of hormone released is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Based on the model presented, which of the following statements expresses the proper relationship between osmolarity, ADH release and urine production? a. As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted as urine. b. As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released causing less water to be excreted as urine. c. As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted as urine. d. As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted as urine. 23. Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its function? a. Oxytocin- stimulates uterine contraction b. Thyroxine- stimulates metabolic processes c. Insulin- Stimulates glycogen breakdown and increases blood glucose d. ACTH- stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids e. Melatonin- affects biological rhythms *Make sure you understand the movement of substances (blood and urine components) through the kidney and specifically, the nephron. 24. ADH makes the more permeable to water. a. Collecting duct b. Bowman s capsule c. Proximal tubule d. Distal tubule 25. Which part of the nephron would be responsible for removing toxins and harmful drugs from the blood? a. Glomerulus d. Proximal tubule b. Distal tubule e. Collecting duct c. Loop of Henle 26. After urine is formed in the nephrons, it will move directly into the urinary bladder via the: a. Urethra c. Renal pelvis b. Ureter d. Kidney 27. The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as. a. Secretion d. Dialysis b. Filtration e. Reabsorption c. Secretion

4 ANSWERS: Plant organ systems, regulation and human endocrine systems: 1. Which of the following conditions would NOT cause the stomata to close? a. Drought b. High temperatures c. Excessive rainfall d. High levels of ABA (abscisic acid) 2. The ancestors of land plants were most likely similar to modern green algae. Which of the following characteristics would you predict to find in the early land plants? a. Xylem and phloem tissue c. Thick, waxy cuticle b. Flagellated sperm d. Photosynthesis 3. In transpiration, the water potential (increases, decreases or stays the same) as you move from the roots up to the leaves. Remember, this number is always negative so it either becomes more negative (increases) less negative (decreases) or stays the same. **Make sure you understand how plants interact with other living organisms to form symbiotic relationships and be able to distinguish between the different types (mutualism, commensalism, parasitism) 4. Which of the following is considered part of the male portion of a flowering plant? a. Stamen c. Style b. Stigma d. Ovary 5. Which plant hormone would you predict to find in the highest levels during germination? a. Gibberellin c. Ethylene b. Cytokinins d. Brassinosteroids 6. Which of the following terms listed below are characteristic of conformers? a. Countercurrent heat exchangers. c. Endothermy b. Torpor d. Ectothermy **Recognize that animals have many adaptations (behavioral, molecular, structural etc) that have come about as a means to regulate body temperatures or water levels. 7. An animals inputs of energy and materials would exceeds its outputs: a. If the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate b. If it is actively foraging for food c. If it is hibernating d. If is growing and increasing in mass e. Never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance. 8. Which of the following animals would you predict to use the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation? a. A hydra (freshwater jelly) d. A desert snake b. A marine jelly e. A desert bird c. A snake in a temperate forest 9. Many medications make the epithelium of the collecting duct less permeable to water. How would taking such a drug affect kidney output? If the collecting duct is less permeable to water, less would be reabsorbed into the capillaries and the urine would become less concentrated/more of it would be excreted.

5 10. Freshwater fish are hyperosmotic to their surroundings so the must excrete excess water continuously. Their kidneys contain many long, nephrons and produce filtrate at a high rate. They conserve salts by reabsorbing ions from the filtrate in their distal tubules. Given this information, what would you predict about the size and number of nephrons in marine fishes? What would be different about the function of the nephron in marine fishes? Marine fishes gain excess salt from their surroundings and lose water so their nephrons would be smaller and there would be less of them to conserve water. Their nephrons lack a distal tubule and glomerulus so their filtration rates would be low and low volumes of urine would be excreted. 11. Which process of the nephron is the LEAST selective? a. Filtration b. Reabsorption c. Secretion d. Salt pumping by the loop of Henle 12. Let s pretend you just got done eating a super-sized portion of greasy, salty fries from your favorite burger place. What would you predict about the levels of ADH in your bloodstream immediately after a meal like that? a. Less is released c. ADH wouldn t be released, insulin would b. More is released d. ADH levels would remain the same 13. The homoeostatic control of blood sugar by insulin and glucagon is an example of: a. A combustion Reaction c. Negative Feedback b. A reflex arc d. Positive Feedback 14. What is known as the master gland of the endocrine system? Why? Pituitary gland because its hormones (more often than not) will help trigger an endocrine response in other parts of the body. Keep in mind however, the hypothalamus does stimulate the pituitary gland in some instances. 15. This gland secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH): a. Adrenal gland b. Hypothalamus 16. Endocrine glands secrete directly into what area of the body? a. Heart b. Brain c. Posterior pituitary c. Bone Marrow d. Bloodstream 17. Describe the differences in steroid hormones and protein (or peptide) hormones. Make sure you understand how they communicate with cells to cause a response. Steroid hormones can pass through lipid membranes easily and will directly interact with proteins used in gene expression to produce a new protein product. Protein hormones on the other hand, will need to match up with a cell surface receptor and cause a signal transduction pathway until nuclear response (transcription and translation) occurs. 18. Which of the following is NOT a possible change brought on by hormones? a. Changes in the plasma permeability b. Synthesizes proteins or other regulatory molecules c. Activation or deactivation of enzymes d. Promotes secretory activity in a gland e. Stimulates mitosis f. Conduct electrical impulses from a gland to a nerve cell 19. Describe an example of a hormone and how it is used to maintain homeostasis (hint: refer to your notes and the example you chose)

6 20. Which major gland is found directly behind your sternum? a. Hypothalamus b. Adrenal c. Thyroid 21. Which of the following is responsible for synthesizing HGH? a. Anterior Pituitary b. Posterior Pituitary c. Pancreas d. Thyroid 22. **Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is important in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. ADH is released from the hypothalamus in response to high tissue osmolarity. In response to ADH, the collecting duct and distal tubule in the kidney become more permeable to water, which increases water reabsorption into the capillaries. The amount of hormone released is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Based on the model presented, which of the following statements expresses the proper relationship between osmolarity, ADH release and urine production? a. As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted as urine. b. As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released causing less water to be excreted as urine. c. As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted as urine. d. As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted as urine. 23. Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its function? a. Oxytocin- stimulates uterine contraction b. Thyroxine- stimulates metabolic processes c. Insulin- Stimulates glycogen breakdown and increases blood glucose d. ACTH- stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids e. Melatonin- affects biological rhythms *Make sure you understand the movement of substances (blood and urine components) through the kidney and specifically, the nephron. 24. ADH makes the more permeable to water. a. Collecting duct b. Bowman s capsule c. Proximal tubule d. Distal tubule 25. Which part of the nephron would be responsible for removing toxins and harmful drugs from the blood? a. Glomerulus d. Proximal tubule b. Distal tubule e. Collecting duct c. Loop of Henle 26. After urine is formed in the nephrons, it will move directly into the urinary bladder via the: a. Urethra c. Renal pelvis b. Ureter d. Kidney 27. The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as. a. Secretion c. Dialysis b. Filtration d. Reabsorption

Excretory System 1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z

Excretory System 1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z Excretory System 1 1. Excretory System a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z W- X- Y- Z- b) Which of the following is not a function of the organ shown? A. to produce