Choice and composition of ingredients

Transcription

1 Protein and energy values of feeds for pigs: french proposals Jean NOBLET, Bernard SEVE & Gilles TRAN INRA St Gilles (France) AFZ Paris (France) ; Ingredients Choice and composition of ingredients ingredients ("currently" available) - 15 fat sources - 5 amino acids and analogues 3 4

2 Chemical composition - From "AFZ Animal feeds data bank" - Crude nutrients, gross energy, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, etc. Average composition of "currently" available ingredients Protein value for pigs But chemical characteristics of an ingredient must be consistent Equations locations tested ingredients - 51 ingredients - Ileo-rectal anastomosis Data for AA tables INRA ITCF Ajinomoto Apparent and standardised ileal digestibility of AA Ileal Digestibility Standardised Apparent Aventis Apparent dig. = (AA feed - AA digesta)/aa feed Ingested amino acid, g/d 7 Standardised digestibility = (AA feed -(AA digesta - Basal AA loss))/ AA feed 8

3 Lysine content of some ingredients* Total Diet 100 Ingredients Maize 29 Wheat 36 Wheat bran 68 Soybean meal 340 AA mixture** 4580 Digestible (ileal) * As % of the lysine content of a diet containing wheat (67%), soybean meal (16%), fat (2.5%), wheat bran (5%), peas (5%), HCl-lysine (0.10%), methionine (0.05%), threonine (0.5%),...) 9 ** 50% HCl-lysine, 25% threonine, 25% methionine Energy value for pigs 10 Construction of the tables: approaches Digestibility of energy (de) in the growing pig GE Chemical composition Estimation of de% = equations (and dcp, dom, dfat; ST and SU: 100% digestible); + effect of stage/bw DE = GE x de Estimation of E urines and E gas (+ digestible nutrients) ME = DE E urines E gas NE = f(de + ) and f(me + ) and f(digestible nutrients): mean of 3 11 Only from literature data (n # 650) Intra-family equations de, % Wheat and by- products NDF, % DM Equations at:

4 Digestibility of energy in the growing pig and the adult sow (1) Ed, % Growing Adult NDF, % 70 diets; Le Goff and Noblet, dif DE, MJ/kg DM Digestibility of energy in the growing pig and the adult sow (2) Soybean Maize Total Wheat NDOMg, g/kg DM NDOMg: Undigestible organic matter in the growing pig; dif DE = DE adult sow DE growing pig (MJ/kg DM) DE adult = DE growth + a x NDOMg "a" values at: 14 Other factors of variation of energy digestibility in pigs DE ME New products!!! Technology: heat treatment, pelleting, particle size, Feeding level (limited in practice) Biotechnology: enzymes, Interactions? In the growing pig: E urines, MJ/kg DM = x N urines (g/kg DM) with N urines = 50% digestible N E methane, kj = 0.67 x DRes (g) 15 Noblet et al.,

5 NE measurements Net energy = ME - Heat increment Net energy = ME - (HP - FHP) Net energy = RE + FHP Efficiencies of utilization of ME of nutrients for growth in swine (k g, %) Crude protein Crude fat Starch Dietary fiber FHP # 750 kj/kg BW 0.60 Utilisation of the same NE prediction equations Values confirmed in recent trials and with different methodologies Efficiencies are comparable (relatively) in the growing pig and in the adult sow (at maintenance) Noblet et al., 1994 Estimation of NE content (MJ/kg DM) (Noblet et al., 1994, 2002; 61 diets in kg pigs) NE2 = DCP DEE Starch Sugars DRes (RSD = 0.25) NE4 = DE EE Starch CP CF (RSD = 0.18) NE7 = ME EE Starch CP CF (RSD = 0.17) Six energy values per ingredient DE, ME and NE for growing pigs (+ piglets) DE, ME and NE for adult pigs (pregnant and lactating sows) NE in tables = Mean of NE2, NE4 & NE7 More info at: Equations applicable at all stages of pig production

6 Estimation of energy value: simplified prediction method (growing pig) Feeding table NE = GE x de x ME/DE x NE/ME Energy value in the adult pig: simplified prediction method Eds/Edg, % = (a/100) (100 Ash) x (100 b x Edg) / DEg MEs/DEs and NEs/MEs = Constant Equations Constant s: adult pig; g: growing pig; a: correction factor; Ed: energy digestibility, %; b: OMd/Ed (in growing pig) Equations and constant at: 21 Values at : 22 Comparison of DE and NE systems* DE Compound feed 100 Ingredients Maize Wheat Pea Wheat bran Soybean meal Fat NE * As % of the energy value of a compound feed (wheat: 67%, soybean meal: 16% 23 fat: 2.5%, wheat bran: 5%, peas: 5%, ) Performance of growing pigs according to energy evaluation system (1) CP, % 19.0 Amino acids + Energy intakes, MJ/d* DE 38.9 a ME 37.1 a NE b 36.1 b 27.5 *Energy intakes kg and adjusted for the same BW gain (1080 g/day) and the same body composition at slaughter 24 Le Bellego et al., 2001

7 Performance of growing pigs according to energy evaluation system (2) Fat addition, % NE intake, /day Jean.Noblet@rennes.inra.fr Feed : gain* MJ ME/kg MJ NE/kg *Adjusted for the same feeding level De la Llata et al.,