Milk Components. What s in this Stuff
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- Asher Joseph
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1 Milk Components What s in this Stuff
2 Milk Components Water % Butterfat % Protein % Lactose % Minerals and Other Solids - 1.3%
3 Milk Components Solids -not - fat (SNF) - includes everything but the water and fat Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) - a small part of the protein Somatic Cell Count (SCC) - not listed as component
4 Milk Components Value of Components Milk Prices Paid to Dairies SCC/Quality Bonus $ Fat %, SNF & Cheese Yield Legal Limits on Milk Shipped Metabolic Indicator of Cow s Health
5 Milk Components Milk pricing includes differentials for: Pounds (cwt) of Milk % or pounds of butterfat % or pounds of protein Quality parameters (SCC,standard plate count, no antibiotics or added water)
6 Milk Components Butterfat It s the 2% in 2% Milk Lipid Portion of the Milk Measured by Babcock (centrifuge) method of ether extraction Varies by breed (Holstein, Jersey, etc.)
7 Milk Components Protein Amount of Nitrogen (N) * 6.38 Most important for cheese production Primary nutritional value in milk MUN implications
8 Milk Components Lactose Naturally occurring milk sugars Allergenic reaction in people - lactose intolerant
9 Milk Components Somatic Cell Counts Indicates level of mastitis infection High SCC Reduces milk production Basis of quality bonus for milk payment High SCC = lost money!
10 Milk Urea Nitrogen - MUN Same as: BUN (blood) SUN (serum) PUN (plasma)
11 Reasons to MUN Test Nutrition Reproduction Environment
12 Nutrition Components Dry Matter Energy Protein Minerals Vitamins Water
13 Nutrition Overfeeding - Expensive Underfeeding Affects Production & Repro Acceptable level means Energy & Protein in Balance
14 Reproduction High MUN --> Lower Conception Rates Effects health and immunity
15 Environment Excess MUN in Milk -> Excess Excretion Nitrate Pollution Air & Water Quality Issues
16 Milk Component Variation During the Milking Process
17 Variation in Components Milk Components Change Stage of Lactation Milking Practices Environmental Factors Breed & Genetics Season of the Year
18 Stage of Lactation High very early Lower at peak Higher at end Inverse of Production Curve
19 Milking Practices Frightened Cows Milking Schedule Maximum & Complete Letdown Vacuum Levels & Sampling Methods
20 Environmental Factors Illness or Stress Heat Cycles Temperature/Season of Year Types of Feed
21 Breed & Genetics % FAT % PRO Br.Swiss Guernsey Holstein Jersey (2007 CDHIA Statistics)
22 Season of the Year Season Effect Fat % Pro % Winter Highest Highest Spring Decreasing Decreasing Summer Lowest Lowest Fall Increasing Increasing (Source: Ng-Kwai-Hang, Hayes, Moxley, and Monardes, 1984)
23 Fresno State Study Completed April Cows 12 Holstein 6 Jersey
24 Fresno State Study 4 Quartiles of the Letdown Meaning ¼ of the cows production All Components Analyzed Fat Protein Lactose Somatic Cells (SCC)
25 Fresno State Study Variation by: Breed Lactation/Age Days in Milk
26 All Cows All Cows - 18 cows quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc By Breed Holsteins - 12 cows quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc Jersey - 6 cows quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc
27 By Lactation 1st lactation - 5 cows (4 - H/1 - J) quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc nd lactation - 7 cows (5 - H/2 - J) quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc rd lactation and above - 6 cows (3 - H/3 - J) quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc
28 Days in Milk Less than 150 days in milk - 8 cows (5 Hol/3 Jer) quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc More than 150 days in milk - 10 cows (7 Hol/3 Jer) quartile % fat % pro % lactose % snf ave. scc
29 Changes in Components Separate Study Verification % Fat % Pro % SNF 1st Minute nd Minute rd Minute After 3 min (Data from 10 Ayrshire, Guernsey, Holstein and Jersey breeds - Gilmore & Gaunt, 1962)
30 Fresno State Study Major Variations in %Butterfat Somatic Cell Counts
31 Fresno State Study Minor Variations in %Protein Lactose SNF
32 Implications for DHIA Requires Accurate Sampling Incorrect Sampling Big Problem for Fat/SCC Testers Responsible for the Samples Each Month
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