Module 2:! Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A! Semester 1! !!! !!!! Hard Tissues, Distal Upper Limb & Neurovascular Supply of Upper Limb!

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Module 2:! Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A! Semester 1! !!! !!!! Hard Tissues, Distal Upper Limb & Neurovascular Supply of Upper Limb!"

Transcription

1 Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A Module 2: Hard Tissues, Distal Upper Limb & Neurovascular Supply of Upper Limb Semester 1 1

2 18. Bone Tissue & Growth of Bones 18.1 Describe the structure of bone tissue in terms of its organic and inorganic components and their properties Bone Tissue: Dense, supportive connective tissue Contains specialised cells Produces solid matrix of calcium salt deposits (INORGANIC) Around collagen fibres (ORGANIC) Bone (osseous) tissue structure: Dense matrix minerals osteocytes (mature bone cells) protein Covering - Periosteium covers outer surface of bone consists of outer fibres & intercellular layers Bone Matrix: Minerals 2/3 of bone matrix is calcium phosphate - Ca3(PO4)2 Reacts with calcium hydroxide to form crystals of hydroxyapatite (dense structure - hardness/toughness of bone) Which incorporates other calcium salts & ions Used to repair bones Matrix Proteins 1/3 bone matrix = collagen fibres Resilience - stops brittle bones. Reasonably flexible Bone cells 2% of bone mass 4 types: Osteocytes Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix Live in lacunae (chamber/pit) Sit between layers (lamellae) in matrix Connect by cytoplasmic extensions through canaliculi in lamellae Canaliculi = nerve-type structures - connections between different osteocytes to communicate (usually signals to produce more osteoblasts if bone strengthening is needed) Do NOT divide Two major functions: 1. Maintain protein & mineral content of matrix 2. Help repair damaged bone 2

3 18.2 Describe the structure of the two types of bone tissue (spongy & compact) in terms of their specific function Compact Bone Structure - Osteon (Haversian system) is the basic unit (microscopic) - closely packed making it very dense - Osteocytes arranged in concentric lamellae (rings) - Around a central canal containing blood vessels (surounded by endoseium) - Perforating (Volkmann s) canals - Perpendicular to central canal - Brings blood to centre of osteon (into bone & marrow) - Blood supply in remodelling bone is extremely important - Circumfrential Lamellae - Lamellae wrapped around the long bone - Binds osteons together - Interstitial lamellae - in between osteons - Individual lamellae in osteon arranged in collagen fibres which are perpendicular to each other. Can resist multiple sheer forces = structurally robust - Matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance & inorganic salts with lacunae containing osteocytes) - Membrane of compact bone: - Periosteum on the outside - Covers all bones except parts enclosed in joint capsules - Made up of an outer, fibrous layer & an inner, cellular layer - Perforating fibres = collagen fibres of the periosteum. Connect with collagen fibres in bone and with fibres of joint capsules; attach tendons & ligaments - Functions: - Isolates bone from surrounding tissues - Provides route for circulatory & nervous supply - Participates in bone growth & repair - Endosteum on the inside - Incomplete cellular layer - Lines medullary (marrow) cavity - Covers trabecular of spongy bone - Lines central canals - Contains osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells & osteoclasts - Active in bone growth & repair Compact Bone Function: Used in weight bearing Protect the organs Support the body Provide levers for the body Store minerals Visible on the outside, dense tissue 4

4 18.4 Briefly describe the mechanisms by which long bones grow in length & diameter Bone Development - Human bones grow until about age 25 - Osteogenesis = bone formation - Ossification = the process of replacing other tissues with bone - Ostoblasts lay down new bone - New bone is laid down around the circumference of the shaft in order to increase its diameter - The deepest layers of bone are being removed, maintaining a reasonable thickness of cortical bone & enlarging marrow cavity Calcification: - The process of depositing calcium salts - Occurs during bone ossification & in other tissues Ossification x2 forms: 1. Endochondral Ossification 2. Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral Ossification - Ossifies bone that originates as hyaline cartilage (which is most bones) ie. totally dependent on hyaline cartilage - 6 main steps involved: 1. Chondrocytes secrete enzymes (alkaline phosphatase) to begin the process of mineralization/ calcification (calcium phosphate react with other minerals & crystalline structure formed inside hyaline cartilage) 2. Bone collar formation. Blood vessels infiltrate & osteoblasts secrete osteoid. 3. Internally, chondrocytes enlarge & secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - promotes BV invasion - bringing osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts & osteoclasts into cartilage. Collagen secreted inside 4. Medullary cavity formation - through osteoclasts breaking down bone on inside. Osteoblasts laying down new bone on outside. 5. Same process occurs in secondary ossification sites: Epiphysis (no medulla though). This only occurs during birth & puberty - growth spurts 6. 8

5 Summary: Bone Development = ossification o Occurs in 2 distinct phases with about 10 days lag in between 1. Formation of un-mineralised intercellular matrix (osteoid) which occurs as the bone matrix is secreted by osteocytes 2. Mineralisation of the matrix - uses PG s, glycoproteins and phosphoproteins which influence the mineralisation of bones. They form crystals in the matrix (K and Ca ions) both along & between collagen fibres o Occurs from the hyaline cartilage model (hyaline cartilage = 70% water = good load bearing tissue) Blood Supply of Mature Bones 1. Nutrient Artery & Vein - Single pair of large blood vessels - Enter diaphysis through the nutrient foramen - Femur has more than one pair 2. Metaphyseal Vessels - Supply the epiphyseal cartilage - Where bone growth occurs 3. Periosteal Vessels - Blood to superficial osteons Bone Remodelling - Secondary ossification centres - Adult skeleton maintains itself - involving osteocytes, osteoblasts & osteoclasts - Replaces mineral reserves - Recycles & renews bone matrix 5-7% per week - If deposition is greater than removal, bone gets stronger - If removal is faster than replacement, bone gets weaker Effects of Exercise - Mineral recycling allows bones to adapt to stress - heavily stressed bones become thicker & stronger - Bone degenerates quickly - up to 1/3 of bone mass can be lost in a few weeks of inactivity Effects of Hormones & Nutrition - Dietary source of calcium & phosphate salts (+ small magnesium, fluoride, iron & manganese) - Hormone calitriol: - made in kidneys - helps absorb calcium & phosphorus from digestive tract - synthesis requires vitamin D3 - Growth hormone and thyroxine stimulate bone growth 10

Functions of the Skeletal System. Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Classification of Bones. Bone Shapes

Functions of the Skeletal System. Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Classification of Bones. Bone Shapes Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Support 2. Storage of minerals (calcium) 3. Storage of lipids (yellow marrow) 4. Blood cell production (red marrow) 5. Protection

More information

An Introduction to the Skeletal System Skeletal system includes Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues

An Introduction to the Skeletal System Skeletal system includes Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues An Introduction to the Skeletal System Skeletal system includes Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues Functions of the Skeletal System Support Storage of minerals (calcium)

More information

OSSEOUS TISSUE & BONE STRUCTURE PART I: OVERVIEW & COMPONENTS

OSSEOUS TISSUE & BONE STRUCTURE PART I: OVERVIEW & COMPONENTS OSSEOUS TISSUE & BONE STRUCTURE PART I: OVERVIEW & COMPONENTS The Skeletal System Skeletal system includes: bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues What are the functions of

More information

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure C h a p t e r 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin

More information

Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure I. An Introduction to the Skeletal System, p. 180 Objective: Describe the functions of the skeletal system The skeletal system includes: - bones of the skeleton

More information

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life Skeleton composed of many different tissues cartilage, bone tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose, and dense

More information

What are the parts of the skeletal system? Chapter 6- Part I Bones and Skeletal Tissues. Growth of Cartilage. Bones come in many shapes

What are the parts of the skeletal system? Chapter 6- Part I Bones and Skeletal Tissues. Growth of Cartilage. Bones come in many shapes Chapter 6- Part I Bones and Skeletal Tissues Components of the skeletal system Classification of Bone (bone shapes) Functions of bone Bone structure Microscopic structure of bone and bone cells What are

More information

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 TEXTBOOK AND REQUIRED/RECOMMENDED

More information

Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue I. Functions A. List and describe the five major functions of the skeletal system: 1. 2. 3.. 4. 5.. II. Cartilage A. What do chondroblasts do? B. When

More information

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life Skeleton composed of many different tissues cartilage, bone tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose, and dense

More information

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Skeletal System Learning Outcomes 6-1 Describe the primary

More information

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Skeletal System Learning Outcomes 6-1 Describe the primary

More information

2 PROCESSES OF BONE OSSIFICATION

2 PROCESSES OF BONE OSSIFICATION 2 PROCESSES OF BONE OSSIFICATION ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION 6 STEPS 1. CARTILAGE ENLARGES, BY APPOSITIONAL GROWTH; CHONDROCYTES AT CENTER OF CARTILAGE GROW IN SIZE; MATRIX REDUCES IN SIZE & SPICULES CALCIFY;

More information

The Skeletal System PART A. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

The Skeletal System PART A. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Skeletal System 5 PART A The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints

More information

BONE TISSUE. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

BONE TISSUE. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology BONE TISSUE Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology BONE FUNCTION Support Protection (protect internal organs) Movement (provide leverage system for skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments

More information

Derived copy of Bone *

Derived copy of Bone * OpenStax-CNX module: m57739 1 Derived copy of Bone * Shannon McDermott Based on Bone by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By

More information

Due in Lab. Due next week in lab - Scientific America Article Select one article to read and complete article summary

Due in Lab. Due next week in lab - Scientific America Article Select one article to read and complete article summary Due in Lab 1. Skeletal System 33-34 2. Skeletal System 26 3. PreLab 6 Due next week in lab - Scientific America Article Select one article to read and complete article summary Cell Defenses and the Sunshine

More information

CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE

CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. Bone is made up of several different tissues working together: bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, various blood forming tissues, adipose

More information

KEY CONCEPTS Unit 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

KEY CONCEPTS Unit 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 (101-805 - AB) PAUL ANDERSON 2011 KEY CONCEPTS Unit 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM A Overview of The Skeletal System 1. Definition: Anatomically the SKELETAL SYSTEM consists of bones, cartilages,

More information

Skeletal System. The skeletal System... Components

Skeletal System. The skeletal System... Components Skeletal System The skeletal System... What are the general components of the skeletal system? What does the skeletal system do for you & how does it achieve these functions? Components The skeletal system

More information

Chapter 6 Skeletal System

Chapter 6 Skeletal System Chapter 6 Skeletal System Functions of the skeletal system/bone 1. Support skeletal system is the internal framework of the body 2. Protection protects internal organs 3. Movement muscles & bones work

More information

The Skeletal System PART A

The Skeletal System PART A 5 The Skeletal System PART A PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB The Skeletal System

More information

Skeletal Tissues. Skeletal tissues. Frame; muscles, organs and CT attach. Brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs; heart and lungs.

Skeletal Tissues. Skeletal tissues. Frame; muscles, organs and CT attach. Brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs; heart and lungs. Skeletal Tissues Functions 1) support 2) protection 3) movement Skeletal tissues Frame; muscles, organs and CT attach. Brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs; heart and lungs. Aids muscle contraction; generate

More information

FORMATION OF BONE. Intramembranous Ossification. Bone-Lec-10-Prof.Dr.Adnan Albideri

FORMATION OF BONE. Intramembranous Ossification. Bone-Lec-10-Prof.Dr.Adnan Albideri FORMATION OF BONE All bones are of mesodermal origin. The process of bone formation is called ossification. We have seen that formation of most bones is preceded by the formation of a cartilaginous model,

More information

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 8 - BONE AND CARTILAGE.

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 8 - BONE AND CARTILAGE. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: BONE CLASSIFICATIONS There are four classifications of bones based on their 1. Long bones are greater in length than in width - Found in the upper and lower limbs (ex: arm,

More information

SKELETAL TISSUES CHAPTER 7 INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF BONES

SKELETAL TISSUES CHAPTER 7 INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF BONES SKELETAL TISSUES CHAPTER 7 By John McGill Supplement Outlines: Beth Wyatt Original PowerPoint: Jack Bagwell INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM STRUCTURE Organs: Bones Related Tissues: Cartilage and Ligaments

More information

OpenStax-CNX module: m Bone Structure * Ildar Yakhin. Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax. Abstract

OpenStax-CNX module: m Bone Structure * Ildar Yakhin. Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax. Abstract OpenStax-CNX module: m63474 1 Bone Structure * Ildar Yakhin Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By

More information

-the emphasis on this section is the structure and function of bone tissue and on the dynamics of its formation and remodeling throughout life.

-the emphasis on this section is the structure and function of bone tissue and on the dynamics of its formation and remodeling throughout life. Biology 325 Fall 2004 BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES Introduction -skeleton contains cartilage and bones -the emphasis on this section is the structure and function of bone tissue and on the dynamics of its

More information

NOTES: Skeletal System (Ch 5, part 1)

NOTES: Skeletal System (Ch 5, part 1) NOTES: Skeletal System (Ch 5, part 1) Individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system. A bone contains very active tissues. BONE STRUCTURE: *Bone structure reflects its function. Parts of a long

More information

Skeletal System worksheet

Skeletal System worksheet Skeletal System worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Skeletal System The skeletal system performs vital functions that enable us to move through our daily lives. Support - The skeleton provides support and

More information

Chapter 6: SKELETAL SYSTEM

Chapter 6: SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 6: SKELETAL SYSTEM I. FUNCTIONS A. Support B. Protection C. Movement D. Mineral storage E. Lipid storage (Fig. 6.8b) F. Blood cell production (Fig. 6.4) II. COMPONENTS A. Cartilage 1. Hyaline 2.

More information

Human Anatomy & Physiology

Human Anatomy & Physiology PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition Human Anatomy & Physiology C H A P T E R 6 Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images 2013 Pearson Education,

More information

Chapter 7. Skeletal System

Chapter 7. Skeletal System Chapter 7 Skeletal System 1 Introduction: A. Bones are very active, living tissues B. Each bone is made up of several types of tissues and so is an organ. C. Bone functions include: muscle attachment,

More information

Fig Articular cartilage. Epiphysis. Red bone marrow Epiphyseal line. Marrow cavity. Yellow bone marrow. Periosteum. Nutrient foramen Diaphysis

Fig Articular cartilage. Epiphysis. Red bone marrow Epiphyseal line. Marrow cavity. Yellow bone marrow. Periosteum. Nutrient foramen Diaphysis Fig. 7.1 Articular cartilage Epiphysis Red bone marrow Epiphyseal line Marrow cavity Yellow bone marrow Nutrient foramen Diaphysis Site of endosteum Compact bone Spongy bone Epiphyseal line Epiphysis Articular

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM I NOTE: LAB ASSIGNMENTS for this topic will run over 3 Weeks. A SEPARATE WORKSHEET WILL BE PROVIDED.

SKELETAL SYSTEM I NOTE: LAB ASSIGNMENTS for this topic will run over 3 Weeks. A SEPARATE WORKSHEET WILL BE PROVIDED. BIO 211; Anatomy and Physiology I REFERENCE: CHAPTER 07 1 Dr. Lawrence Altman Naugatuck Valley Community College LECTURE TOPICS OUTLINE SKELETAL SYSTEM I NOTE: LAB ASSIGNMENTS for this topic will run over

More information

Human Biology Chapter 15.3: Bone Structure *

Human Biology Chapter 15.3: Bone Structure * OpenStax-CNX module: m58082 1 Human Biology Chapter 15.3: Bone Structure * Willy Cushwa Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons

More information

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 6 The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue Introduction The skeletal system has 6 important functions: Provides support Protects the internal organs (brain,

More information

Chapter 6 Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter Outline

Chapter 6 Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter Outline Chapter 6 Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter Outline Module 6.1: Introduction to Bones as Organs (Figures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) A. The skeletal system includes the bones, joints, and their associated supporting

More information

b. Adult bones produce 2.5 million RBCs each second.

b. Adult bones produce 2.5 million RBCs each second. Ch 6 Skeletal System I. Functions of the Skeletal System A. The skeletal system consists of: 1. bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments B. Living bone is not Gr. dried up 1. It is dynamic and adaptable

More information

Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System

Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System I. Functions of the Skeletal System A. the body Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System B. of vital organs C. Provide for movement D. storage (calcium & phosphate) E. cell formation II. Bone Structure A.

More information

BONE LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS. These demonstrations are found on the bulletin boards outside the MCO Bookstore.

BONE LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS. These demonstrations are found on the bulletin boards outside the MCO Bookstore. BONE LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS These demonstrations are found on the bulletin boards outside the MCO Bookstore. COMPACT & TRABECULAR BONE - LM When viewed under the polarizing light microscope, the layering

More information

Osteology. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College

Osteology. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College Osteology Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College Functions of the Skeletal System: Support Movement Protection Hemopoiesis Electrolyte balance (Ca ++ /PO -3 4 ) Acid-base balance Storage

More information

Skeletal System. Chapter 6.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology

Skeletal System. Chapter 6.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System Chapter 6.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology Overview of Skeletal System Bones Joints Skeletal System Cartilage Tendons (bone to muscle) Ligaments (bone to bone) Function of the Skeletal System

More information

Skeletal System worksheet

Skeletal System worksheet Skeletal System worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Skeletal System The skeletal system performs vital functions that enable us to move through our daily lives. Support - The skeleton provides support and

More information

The Skeletal System. Chapter 7a. Skeletal System Introduction Functions of the skeleton Framework of bones The skeleton through life

The Skeletal System. Chapter 7a. Skeletal System Introduction Functions of the skeleton Framework of bones The skeleton through life The Skeletal System Skeletal System Introduction Functions of the skeleton Framework of bones The skeleton through life Chapter 7a Support Protection Movement Storage areas Minerals Lipids Hemopoiesis

More information

Biology. Dr. Khalida Ibrahim

Biology. Dr. Khalida Ibrahim Biology Dr. Khalida Ibrahim BONE TISSUE Bone tissue is a specialized form of connective tissue and is the main element of the skeletal tissues. It is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix in which

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07. Bone Function BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Body Movement interacts with muscles bones act as rigid bar of a lever

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07. Bone Function BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Body Movement interacts with muscles bones act as rigid bar of a lever Page 1 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 1 CHAPTER 07 SKELETAL SYSTEM Dr. Lawrence G. G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. Some illustrations are courtesy of

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 1 CHAPTER 07 SKELETAL SYSTEM Dr. Lawrence G. G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.

More information

Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory

Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Skeletal Tissue: Cartilage and Bone This lab involves study of the laboratory exercise Overview of the Skeleton, Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages,

More information

Ossification = Osteogenesis

Ossification = Osteogenesis Ossification = Osteogenesis Ossification = Osteogenesis Parts of the fetal skeleton form during the first few weeks after conception By the end of the 8 th week, the skeletal pattern is formed : cartilage

More information

Chapter 6. Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6. Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Lecture Presentation by Lee Ann Frederick University of Texas at Arlington An Introduction to the Skeletal System The Skeletal System Includes: Bones of the

More information

Chapter 5. The Skeletal System. Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College

Chapter 5. The Skeletal System. Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Chapter 5 The Skeletal System Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Introduction The skeletal system is made of: Skeletal bones Cartilage

More information

BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 6 SI 1. irregular ectopic: sutural (Wormian) The is between the shaft and end. It contains cartilage that is

BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 6 SI 1. irregular ectopic: sutural (Wormian) The is between the shaft and end. It contains cartilage that is BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 6 SI 1 1. List 5 functions of bones: 2. Classify bones according to shape: give descriptions and examples: long short flat irregular ectopic: sutural (Wormian) ectopic: sesamoid 3. The

More information

The purpose of this practical session is to demonstrate cartilage and bone as specialized connective tissues to the student.

The purpose of this practical session is to demonstrate cartilage and bone as specialized connective tissues to the student. 1 CARTILAGE AND BONE The purpose of this practical session is to demonstrate cartilage and bone as specialized connective tissues to the student. 1. Hyaline cartilage Slide 73 This is a cross section through

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Introduction Notes (pt 1)

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Introduction Notes (pt 1) SKELETAL SYSTEM Introduction Notes (pt 1) I. INTRODUCTION 1. Bones include active, living tissues: bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue. 2. Bones: support and protect

More information

Compact bone; Many parallel Haversian canals contain: small blood vessels. very small nerve. Interconnected by Volkmann s canals.

Compact bone; Many parallel Haversian canals contain: small blood vessels. very small nerve. Interconnected by Volkmann s canals. Special characteristics of COMPACT BONE (dense bone) Thick; well vascularized Osteocytes and lamellae Concentric rings around blood vessels Most bones: outer compact bone inner spongy bone Marrow cavity

More information

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 ( ) For Intensive Nursing PAUL ANDERSON SAMPLE TEST

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 ( ) For Intensive Nursing PAUL ANDERSON SAMPLE TEST ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 (101-805) For Intensive Nursing PAUL ANDERSON SAMPLE TEST 3 2011 1. If calcium levels in the extracellular fluid are too low, parathyroid hormone secretion would and osteoclast activity

More information

5.3. The Nature of Cartilage Matrix The components of cartilage matrix include a high component of fibers, and proteoglycans. Proteoglycans are a

5.3. The Nature of Cartilage Matrix The components of cartilage matrix include a high component of fibers, and proteoglycans. Proteoglycans are a Chapter 5 Supportive Tissues Support in Animals is carried out by Cartilage and Bone. A. Cartilage 5.1. Nature of Cartilage Cartilage is a highly resilient c..t that provides strength and support in areas

More information

Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology 101-805 Unit 6 The Skeletal System Paul Anderson 2011 Skeletal System: Components Bones major organs of system, have all functions of system. Cartilages connect & protect bones at

More information

Chapter 4. Cartilage and Bone. Li Shu-Lei instructor. Dept. Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University

Chapter 4. Cartilage and Bone. Li Shu-Lei instructor. Dept. Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University Chapter 4 Cartilage and Bone Li Shu-Lei instructor Dept. Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University I Cartilage a specialized connective tissue Characterizers: Cartilage

More information

For more information about how to cite these materials visit

For more information about how to cite these materials visit Author(s): University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology License: Unless otherwise noted, the content of this course material is licensed under a Creative Commons

More information

Ossification and Bone Remodeling

Ossification and Bone Remodeling Ossification and Bone Remodeling Pre-natal Ossification Embryonic skeleton: fashioned from fibrous membranes or cartilage to accommodate mitosis. 2 types of pre-natal ossification (bone formation) 1.

More information

Do Now: 1. Where, specifically, is blood created? Which part of the long bone? 2. Which structures are primarily associated with growth? 3.

Do Now: 1. Where, specifically, is blood created? Which part of the long bone? 2. Which structures are primarily associated with growth? 3. Do Now: 1. Where, specifically, is blood created? Which part of the long bone? 2. Which structures are primarily associated with growth? 3. How could damage to these areas impact bone growth? WRITE AND

More information

Cartilage & bone. Red: important. Black: in male female slides. Gray: notes extra. Editing File

Cartilage & bone. Red: important. Black: in male female slides. Gray: notes extra. Editing File Cartilage & bone Red: important. Black: in male female slides. Gray: notes extra. Editing File OBJECTIVES describe the microscopic structure, distribution and growth of the different types of Cartilage

More information

Bone Tissue- Chapter 5 5-1

Bone Tissue- Chapter 5 5-1 Bone Tissue- Chapter 5 5-1 Bone Functions Support Protection Assistance in movement Mineral storage and release Blood cell production Triglyceride storage 5-2 Bone Chemistry Water (25%) Organic Constituent

More information

Unit 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM

Unit 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM Unit 5: SKELETAL SYSTEM (a) NRSG231 Dr. Moattar Raza Rizvi Skeletal System: Contents Functions of the Skeletal System Fracture Structure of Bone Tissue Articulations & Joint Bone Development and Growth

More information

Types of Bones. 5 basic types of bones: Sutural bones - in joint between skull bones

Types of Bones. 5 basic types of bones: Sutural bones - in joint between skull bones The Skeletal System The Skeletal System Bone and their cartilage, ligaments & tendons. Dynamic and ever changing throughout life Skeleton contains all 4 tissue types; Epithelial, connective, muscle and

More information

Gross Anatomy. Landmarks on a typical long bone. Membranes. Diaphysis Epiphysis Membranes. Periosteum Endosteum

Gross Anatomy. Landmarks on a typical long bone. Membranes. Diaphysis Epiphysis Membranes. Periosteum Endosteum BONE STRUCTURE Gross Anatomy Landmarks on a typical long bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Membranes Membranes Periosteum Endosteum Diaphysis Long tubular diaphysis is the shaft of the bone Collar of compact bone

More information

Copy and Return to Teacher. The Skeletal System

Copy and Return to Teacher. The Skeletal System Copy and Return to Teacher The Skeletal System The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system o Bones (skeleton) o Joints o Cartilages o Ligaments Divided into two divisions o Axial skeleton o Appendicular

More information

The Skeletal System Vertebral column Sacrum. Osseous tissue For the body and soft organs. Magnesium, sodium, fluoride Levers for muscle action

The Skeletal System Vertebral column Sacrum. Osseous tissue For the body and soft organs. Magnesium, sodium, fluoride Levers for muscle action 10/1/2016 Cranium Facial s Skull Clavicle Scapula Sternum Rib Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Carpals Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) The Skeletal System Vertebral column Sacrum Phalanges Metacarpals Femur

More information

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue. Functions of Bone. Bones

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue. Functions of Bone. Bones Chapter 5 The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life Skeleton composed of many different tissues cartilage, bone tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose,

More information

Skeletal System Functions

Skeletal System Functions Chapter 6 Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue 6-1 Skeletal System Functions Support. Bone is hard and rigid; cartilage is flexible yet strong. Cartilage in nose, external ear, thoracic cage and trachea.

More information

Skeletal System Module 4: Bone Structure

Skeletal System Module 4: Bone Structure Connexions module: m47981 1 Skeletal System Module 4: Bone Structure Donna Browne Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax College This work is produced by The Connexions Project and licensed under the Creative

More information

Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Functions of Bones 1. Support and protection: Bones give shape to body structure. Bones provide support to body weight. Certain bones protect vital internal organs

More information

Skeletal Tissue Study Slides. Chapter 6

Skeletal Tissue Study Slides. Chapter 6 Skeletal Tissue Study Slides Chapter 6 Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, except A. support. B. storage. C. protection. D. blood cell production. E. movement. ANSWER Functions

More information

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Saba Alfayoumi. Heba Kalbouneh

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Saba Alfayoumi. Heba Kalbouneh 11 Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Saba Alfayoumi Heba Kalbouneh 2- Bone Bone tissue is also classified into primary bone and secondary bone. In the beginning, the first bone that is deposited by the osteoblasts is

More information

Functions of the Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions of the Skeletal System Support: Internal framework that supports and anchors all soft organs. Protection: Bones protect soft body organs Body movement skeletal muscle attached

More information

Bones and Bone Structure

Bones and Bone Structure 6 Bones and Bone Structure Lecture Presentation by Lori Garrett Section 1: Introduction to the Structure and Growth of Bones Learning Outcomes 6.1 Describe the two main divisions of the skeleton, and list

More information

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Bone Special connective tissue. Cartilages + Bones = Skeleton. Osseous = refers to bone. Functions of the bone: 1. Support: It forms the framework

More information

Skeletal Tissues. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

Skeletal Tissues. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Functions of Bones 1. Support and protection : Bones give shape to body structure. Bones provide support to body weight. Certain bones protect vital internal organs

More information

Outline. Skeletal System. Functions of Bone. Bio 105: Skeletal System 3/17/2016. The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam

Outline. Skeletal System. Functions of Bone. Bio 105: Skeletal System 3/17/2016. The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam Bio 105: Skeletal System Lecture 8 Chapter 5 The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam The identification that you do after this lecture will be on the lab exam Outline I. Overview

More information

AP I f2014 E3 c_5 & 6

AP I f2014 E3 c_5 & 6 AP I f2014 E3 c_5 & 6 Student: Multiple choice questions choose the best answer. True/false answer A for true and B for false 1. The layer within the epidermis that acts as the foundation providing new

More information

Sheets 16&17. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh

Sheets 16&17. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Sheets 16&17 Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Ossification (formation of bone) - Osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix of the bone and these osteoblasts

More information

Bone. OpenStax College

Bone. OpenStax College OpenStax-CNX module: m44789 1 Bone OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you will be able to:

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Bone Shapes Long longer than they are wide; have a shaft plus two ends Ex. bones of limbs except wrist and ankle

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Bone Shapes Long longer than they are wide; have a shaft plus two ends Ex. bones of limbs except wrist and ankle SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS 1. Support Bones form the internal framework that supports and anchors all soft organs. 2. Protection Bones protect soft body organs. 3. Movement Skeletal muscles, which attach

More information

OpenStax-CNX module: m Bone Structure * OpenStax. Abstract. By the end of this section, you will be able to:

OpenStax-CNX module: m Bone Structure * OpenStax. Abstract. By the end of this section, you will be able to: OpenStax-CNX module: m46281 1 Bone Structure * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you will be able

More information

Chapter 6. Bone Tissue

Chapter 6. Bone Tissue Chapter 6 Bone Tissue Functions of the Skeleton support hold the body up, supports muscles, mandible and maxilla support teeth protection brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs movement limb movements, breathing,

More information

Skeletal System. Bio 105

Skeletal System. Bio 105 Skeletal System Bio 105 Outline I. Overview of the skeletal system II. Function of bones III. Bone structure IV. Bone cells V. Cartilage VI. Tendons and Ligaments VII. Joints VIII. Bone development IX.

More information

Outline. Skeletal System. Tendons link the skeletal and the muscular systems.

Outline. Skeletal System. Tendons link the skeletal and the muscular systems. Outline Skeletal System Bio 105 I. Overview of the skeletal system II. Function of bones III. Bone structure IV. Bone cells V. Cartilage VI. Tendons and Ligaments VII. Joints VIII. Bone development IX.

More information

Unit 5 Skeletal System

Unit 5 Skeletal System Unit 5 Skeletal System Nov 21 10:24 PM I. Functions A. Support: > internal framework, structure, anchors & supports soft tissue organs B. Protection: > protects vital organs C. Movement: > provides attach

More information

Copyright 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2. Bone Structure. Copyright 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Copyright 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2. Bone Structure. Copyright 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 7 The Skeleton: Bones and Joints The Skeleton Skeletal system is made up of bones and joints and supporting connective tissue. 1. Bone Functions 1. To store calcium salts 2. To protect delicate

More information

PowerPoint Lecture Slides. Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College. The Skeletal System Pearson Education, Inc.

PowerPoint Lecture Slides. Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College. The Skeletal System Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College CHAPTER 5 The Skeletal System 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Title Classification of Bones and Gross Anatomy

More information

Chp. 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue Student Worksheet. 1. The skeletal system is composed of bones,,, and.

Chp. 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue Student Worksheet. 1. The skeletal system is composed of bones,,, and. Chp. 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue Student Worksheet 1. The skeletal system is composed of bones,,, and. 2. What are 5 functions of the skeletal system? 3. Besides osseous tissue (connective tissue with

More information

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Exam Name 1) An open or fracture projects through the skin. 1) 2) The humerus is an example of a(n) bone. 2) A) flat B) sesamoid C) long D) short E) irregular 3) Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates

More information

Bones. The division of bones anatomically is : long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid.

Bones. The division of bones anatomically is : long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid. Bones Osteocytes : Are responsible for maintenance of bones Present in lacunae, and send processes. Unable to divide. The division of bones anatomically is : long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid.

More information

What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of

What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of Bone What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of flexibility Other types of connective tissue:

More information

Practice TEST 3 Anatomy & Physiology

Practice TEST 3 Anatomy & Physiology Practice TEST 3 Anatomy & Physiology Tyler Junior College Tyler Campus FALL 2015 Chapters 7, 9, and 10 INSTRUCTIONS : Choose the BEST correct answer for each question. Chapter 7 1. Which of the following

More information

Car$lage and Bone. Kris$ne Kra0s, M.D.

Car$lage and Bone. Kris$ne Kra0s, M.D. Car$lage and Bone Kris$ne Kra0s, M.D. Car$lage and Bone Lecture Objec$ves Describe the general func$ons of car$lage and bone. Compare the func$on and composi$on of the three types of car$lage. Describe

More information

The formation of blood cells is called. hemopoiesis. What does our bone store? Where do our bones store fat? yellow marrow.

The formation of blood cells is called. hemopoiesis. What does our bone store? Where do our bones store fat? yellow marrow. What are the 5/6 functions of the skeletal system? support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, storage, homeostasis The formation of blood cells is called hemopoiesis What does our bone store?

More information

36 1 The Skeletal System Slide 1 of 40

36 1 The Skeletal System Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 The Skeleton All organisms need structural support. Unicellular organisms have a cytoskeleton. Multicellular animals have either an exoskeleton (arthropods) or an endoskeleton (vertebrates). 2

More information