To describe he knee joint, ligaments, structure & To list the main features of other lower limb joints

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "To describe he knee joint, ligaments, structure & To list the main features of other lower limb joints"

Transcription

1

2 To describe he knee joint, ligaments, structure & neurovascular supply To demonstrate the ankle joint anatomy To list the main features of other lower limb joints To list main groups of lymph nodes in the LL

3 The knee joint: This is the largest synovial joint in the body. It consists of: 1- The weight bearing tibio-femoral articulation. 2- The patello-femoral articulation which directs the pull of quadriceps tendon anteiorly on the tibia without tendon wear.

4 General characteristics: Basically the joint is a hinge joint that allows mainly flexion - extension movement, though the actual movements are more complex. Like all hinge joints, the knee joint is reinforced by two collateral ligaments. In addition, two very strong ligaments (the cruciate ligaments) interconnect the adjacent ends of the femur and tibia and maintain their opposition during movement

5 Two fibrocartilaginous menisci, between the femoral condyles and tibia accommodate changes in the shape of the articular surfaces during movements. Because the knee joint is involved in weight bearing, it has an efficient 'locking' mechanism to reduce the amount of muscle energy required to keep the joint extended when standing.

6 Articular surfaces: -Like all synovial joints, articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage. -The major surfaces involved include: 1- Tibio-femoral articulation: A-The two femoral condyles; - The medial is longer, narrower & more concave - The lateral is more anteriorly projecting. B-The superior aspect of the tibial condyles.

7 2- Patello-femoral articulation: A-The patellar surface of the femur. B- Posterior surface of the patella, the lateral aspect is wider than the medial

8 Locking mechanism (screw-home movement): -When standing, the knee joint is 'locked' into position to reduce the amount of muscle work needed to maintain the standing position Iliotibial tract keeps this etended position

9 -This locking is provided by the element of medial rotation that accompanies extension during standing i.e; because of the shorter LFC it will stop moving before the MFC which will still rotating on the tibia till full locking of the joint occurs. Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee by initiating lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia

10 Don t be confused! The LFC in this view looks longer than the medial but this is because this is the full length of the articular surface of the LFC while there is more posterior articular surface is remaining for MFC for the locking mechanism

11 Fibrous membrane: -The fibrous capsule encloses the articular cavity and the intercondylar region. -Medially blends with the tibial collateral ligament and is attached to the medial meniscus. -Laterally it neither blends with fibular collateral ligament nor attached to the lateral meniscus

12 -Anteriorly, the capsule is attached to the margins of the patella -Popliteus tendon pierces the capsule to insert on the lateral femoral condyle. -Muscles contributing to the capsule are: 1- Vasti medialis & lateralis (patellar retinacula) 2- Semimembranosus (oblique popliteal ligament)

13 Synovial membrane: -This membrane attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces & to the outer margins of the menisci - The two cruciate ligaments, though within the capsule, they lie outside the articular cavity. -Anteriorly, the synovial membrane is separated from the patellar ligament by an infrapatellar fat pad.

14 Knee joint bursae: 1- Subpopliteus bursa; between popliteus tendon & lateral femoral condyle. 2- Suprapatellar bursa: between quadriceps tendon & the front of femoral haft. 3- Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa. 4- Deep and subcutaneous infra-patellar bursae 5- Semimembranosus bursa

15 Ligaments: 1- The patellar ligament: Is basically the continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon inferior to the patella. 2- Fibular collateral L: a cord-like L attached superiorly to the lateral femoral epicondyle & Inferiorly to the lateral surface of the fibular head, it is NOT attached to the capsule 3-The tibial collateral L: a broad L extends between the medial femoral epicondyle & medial surface of the tibia, it is ATTACHED to the capsule

16 4- The cruciate ligaments: -The Anterior CL extends between the anterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia & the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur -The anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur -Supplied by the middle genicular artery

17 -The Posterior CL extends between the posterior aspect of the intercondylar area of the tibia & the medial wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur. -It restricts posterior displacement of tibia relative to femur -Supplied by the middle genicular artery

18 The menisci: -These are C-shaped, medial & lateral fibrocartilaginous structures -MM is semilunar while LL is almost circular - Both are attached at each end to the intercondylar region of the tibial plateau -Both are connected to each other anteriorly by the transverse ligament of the knee -Their function is to improve congruency between articular surfaces during movements MM ACL LM MM LM MM LM PCL

19 -MM is more liable to injury because it is fixed & can t be taken away from the moving femoral condyles -LM is less liable to injury because it is more mobile -Factors which predispose to mobility of the LM are: 1- No attachment to knee capsule 2- Attachment to popliteus which draws it back. 3- The posteriorly sloping lateral tibial condyle.

20 Vascular supply (anastomosis around the knee): Ten arteries share in the formation of this anastomosis which supplies the knee joint & surrounding structures: 1) The genicular arteries 2) Descending branch of LFCA 3) Descending genicular artery 4) Fourth perforator artery 5) Anterior & posterior tibial recurrents 6) Circumflex fibular artery -The knee joint is innervated by branches from the obturator, femoral, tibial, and common fibular nerves.

21 Movements: - Extension: Quadriceps femoris - Flexion: Hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus. - Lateral rotation: Biceps femoris. - Medial rotation: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus. Lateral and medial rotation can only occur when the knee is flexed (if the knee is not flexed, the medial/lateral rotation occurs at the hip joint).

22 Proximal TF joint: - An arthrodial (synovial) plane joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. - The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments.

23 Ankle joint: 1- Ankle proper (Mortise joint, Talocrural joint) 2- Inferior tibiofibular 3- Subtalar

24 The ankle joint proper: -The anchored distal ends of the fibula & tibia create a deep bracket-shaped socket for the upper expanded part of the body of the talus -The roof of the socket is formed by the inferior surface of the distal end of the tibia -Medial & lateral sides are formed by the corresponding malleoli -The ankle joint is a hinge-like synovial joint which involves the talus of the foot and the tibia and fibula of the leg -It mainly allows dorsiflexion & plantarflexion

25 -When viewed from above, the articular surface of the talus is much wider anteriorly than it is posteriorly. -As a result, the bone fits tighter into its socket when the foot is dorsiflexed & therefore most stable in this position. -The articular cavity is enclosed by a synovial membrane, which attaches around the margins of the articular surfaces & reflects on the inside of the capsule.

26 Medial (deltoid) ligament: -A large, strong & triangular in shape. Its apex is attached to the medial malleolus and its broad base is attached below. Lateral ligament: - The lateral ligament of the ankle is composed of three separate ligaments, anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular & calcaneofibular ligaments.

27 Subtalar joint: The talus is oriented slightly obliquely on the anterior surface of the calcaneus. There are two points of articulation between the two bones, anterior & posterior In both, the concavity on talus receives a convexity of calcaneus 4 talocalcaneal ligaments support the joint It is involved in inversion-eversion movement

28 Tibiofibular joints: Distal TF joint: - Syndesmotic (fibrous) plane joint - Formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the distal fibula with the rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. - These surfaces are smooth, and covered with cartilage continuous with that of the ankle-joint. - The ligaments are: Anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Interosseous membrane of leg

29 Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb: -Superficial lymphatics drain everything superficial to deep fascia & accompany veins -Deep lymphatics drain deeper structures & accompany arteries

30 Superficial LN: -The vertical group of superficial inguinal LN drains the lower limb & are arranged around the termination of great saphenous vein (vs deltopectoral) -Popliteal LN drain the heel, lateral leg & foor & arranged around the termination of small saphenous vein (vs supratrochlear) Deep LN: Deep inguinal node lies in the femoral canal (vs axillary)

31 Superficial lymphatics Accompany veins Deep lymphatics Accompany arteries Internal iliac LN From gluteal region Along G saphenous v. Structures superficial to fascia lata except lateral foot, heel & back of leg From lateral foot, heel & back of leg External iliac LN SILN Vertical group Superficial Pop. LN DILN Deep Pop. LN Along gluteal arteries From deep structures of the lower limb Along S saphenous v.

Joints of the Lower Limb II

Joints of the Lower Limb II Joints of the Lower Limb II Lecture Objectives Describe the components of the knee and ankle joint. List the ligaments associated with these joints and their attachments. List the muscles acting on these

More information

The Knee. Prof. Oluwadiya Kehinde

The Knee. Prof. Oluwadiya Kehinde The Knee Prof. Oluwadiya Kehinde www.oluwadiya.sitesled.com The Knee: Introduction 3 bones: femur, tibia and patella 2 separate joints: tibiofemoral and patellofemoral. Function: i. Primarily a hinge joint,

More information

The Knee Joint By Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi

The Knee Joint By Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi The Knee Joint By Prof. Dr. Muhammad Imran Qureshi Structurally, it is the Largest and the most complex joint in the body because of the functions that it performs: Allows mobility (flexion/extension)

More information

and K n e e J o i n t Is the most complicated joint in the body!!!!

and K n e e J o i n t Is the most complicated joint in the body!!!! K n e e J o i n t K n e e J o i n t Is the most complicated joint in the body!!!! 1-Consists of two condylar joints between: A-The medial and lateral condyles of the femur and The condyles of the tibia

More information

Knee Joint Anatomy 101

Knee Joint Anatomy 101 Knee Joint Anatomy 101 Bone Basics There are three bones at the knee joint femur, tibia and patella commonly referred to as the thighbone, shinbone and kneecap. The fibula is not typically associated with

More information

The Dance Hall by Vincent van Gogh,1888

The Dance Hall by Vincent van Gogh,1888 The Dance Hall by Vincent van Gogh,1888 Articulations of the pelvic girdle Lumbosacral joints, sacroiliac joints & pubic symphysis The remaining joints of the lower limb Hip joint Knee joint Tibiofibular

More information

UNIT 7 JOINTS. Knee and Ankle Joints DR. ABDEL-MONEM A. HEGAZY

UNIT 7 JOINTS. Knee and Ankle Joints DR. ABDEL-MONEM A. HEGAZY UNIT 7 JOINTS Knee and Ankle Joints BY DR. ABDEL-MONEM A. HEGAZY (Degree in Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery with honor 1983, Dipl."Gynaecology and Obstetrics "1989, Master "Anatomy and Embryology "1994,

More information

HUMAN BODY COURSE LOWER LIMB NERVES AND VESSELS

HUMAN BODY COURSE LOWER LIMB NERVES AND VESSELS HUMAN BODY COURSE LOWER LIMB NERVES AND VESSELS October 22, 2010 D. LOWER LIMB MUSCLES 2. Lower limb compartments ANTERIOR THIGH COMPARTMENT General lfunction: Hip flexion, knee extension, other motions

More information

The Knee. Tibio-Femoral

The Knee. Tibio-Femoral The Knee Tibio-Femoral Osteology Distal Femur with Proximal Tibia Largest Joint Cavity in the Body A modified hinge joint with significant passive rotation Technically, one degree of freedom (Flexion/Extension)

More information

Hip joint Type: Articulating bones:

Hip joint Type: Articulating bones: Ana (242 ) Hip joint Type: Synovial, ball & socket Articulating bones: Formed between head of femur and lunate surface of acetabulum of hip bone. Capsule: it is a strong fibrous sleeve connecting the articulating

More information

The thigh. Prof. Oluwadiya KS

The thigh. Prof. Oluwadiya KS The thigh Prof. Oluwadiya KS www.oluwadiya.com The Thigh: Boundaries The thigh is the region of the lower limb that is approximately between the hip and knee joints Anteriorly, it is separated from the

More information

The Lower Limb II. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 3 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa

The Lower Limb II. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 3 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The Lower Limb II Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 3 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Tibia The larger & medial bone of the leg Functions: Attachment of muscles Transfer of weight from femur to skeleton of the foot Articulations

More information

DISSECTION SCHEDULE. Session I - Hip (Front) & Thigh (Superficial)

DISSECTION SCHEDULE. Session I - Hip (Front) & Thigh (Superficial) DISSECTION SCHEDULE Session I - Hip (Front) & Thigh (Superficial) Surface anatomy Inguinal region Gluteal region Thigh Leg Foot bones Hip bone Femur Superficial fascia Great saphenous vein Superficial

More information

In the name of god. Knee. By: Tofigh Bahraminia Graduate Student of the Pathology Sports and corrective actions. Heat: Dr. Babakhani. Nov.

In the name of god. Knee. By: Tofigh Bahraminia Graduate Student of the Pathology Sports and corrective actions. Heat: Dr. Babakhani. Nov. In the name of god Knee By: Tofigh Bahraminia Graduate Student of the Pathology Sports and corrective actions Heat: Dr. Babakhani Nov. 2014 1 Anatomy-Bones Bones Femur Medial/lateral femoral condyles articulate

More information

The Knee. Clarification of Terms. Osteology of the Knee 7/28/2013. The knee consists of: The tibiofemoral joint Patellofemoral joint

The Knee. Clarification of Terms. Osteology of the Knee 7/28/2013. The knee consists of: The tibiofemoral joint Patellofemoral joint The Knee Clarification of Terms The knee consists of: The tibiofemoral joint Patellofemoral joint Mansfield, p273 Osteology of the Knee Distal Femur Proximal tibia and fibula Patella 1 Osteology of the

More information

MUSCULOSKELETAL LOWER LIMB

MUSCULOSKELETAL LOWER LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL LOWER LIMB Spinal Cord Lumbar and Sacral Regions Spinal cord Dorsal root ganglion Conus medullaris Cauda equina Dorsal root ganglion of the fifth lumbar nerve End of subarachnoid space

More information

BONES JOINTS MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMB

BONES JOINTS MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMB BONES JOINTS MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMB LOWER LIMB: BONES LOWER LIMB GLUTEAL REGION consists of 6 major segments: FEMORAL REGION (THIGH) KNEE REGION LEG REGION TALOCRURAL REGION (ANKLE) FOOT REGION LOWER

More information

rotation of the hip Flexion of the knee Iliac fossa of iliac Lesser trochanter Femoral nerve Flexion of the thigh at the hip shaft of tibia

rotation of the hip Flexion of the knee Iliac fossa of iliac Lesser trochanter Femoral nerve Flexion of the thigh at the hip shaft of tibia Anatomy of the lower limb Anterior & medial compartments of the thigh Dr. Hayder The fascia lata encloses the entire thigh like a sleeve/stocking. Three intramuscular fascial septa (lateral, medial, and

More information

Topic 7: Hip and pelvis. Parts of the hip. Parts of the femur

Topic 7: Hip and pelvis. Parts of the hip. Parts of the femur Topic 7: Hip and pelvis Parts of the hip Parts of the femur Classifying the hip joint Ball and socket Synovial Multiaxial Movements of the hip: Abduction/adduction Flexion/extension Medial/lateral rotation

More information

Sports Medicine 15. Unit I: Anatomy. The knee, Thigh, Hip and Groin. Part 4 Anatomies of the Lower Limbs

Sports Medicine 15. Unit I: Anatomy. The knee, Thigh, Hip and Groin. Part 4 Anatomies of the Lower Limbs Sports Medicine 15 Unit I: Anatomy Part 4 Anatomies of the Lower Limbs The knee, Thigh, Hip and Groin Anatomy of the lower limbs In Part 3 of this section we focused upon 11 of the 12 extrinsic muscles

More information

Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh

Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh 1-Muscles: B i c e p s f e m o r i s S e m i t e n d i n o s u s S e m i m e m b r a n o s u s a small part of the adductor magnus (h a m s t

More information

Pelvic Girdle

Pelvic Girdle ARTICULATIONS OF LOWER EXTREMITY Pages 429-437 Pelvic Girdle formed by connection of the hip bones and the sacrum Sacroiliac Joints compound joints synovial joint - anterior, between the auricular surfaces

More information

Leg. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Leg. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Leg Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Skin of the Leg Cutaneous Nerves Medially: The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve supplies the skin on the medial surface

More information

CHAPTER 8: THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY

CHAPTER 8: THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY CHAPTER 8: THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY _ 1. The hip joint is the articulation between the and the. A. femur, acetabulum B. femur, spine C. femur, tibia _ 2. Which of the following is

More information

Gluteal region DR. GITANJALI KHORWAL

Gluteal region DR. GITANJALI KHORWAL Gluteal region DR. GITANJALI KHORWAL Gluteal region The transitional area between the trunk and the lower extremity. The gluteal region includes the rounded, posterior buttocks and the laterally placed

More information

Anatomage Table Instructors Guide- Lower Limb

Anatomage Table Instructors Guide- Lower Limb The Lower Limb Anatomage Table Instructors Guide- Lower Limb Table of Contents Lower Limb 1- The Skeletal System...3 1: Hip Bone...3 2: Hip Joint and Femur...4 3: Patella and Knee Joint...7 4: Tibia, Fibula,

More information

Lecture 09. Popliteal Fossa. BY Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai

Lecture 09. Popliteal Fossa. BY Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai Lecture 09 Popliteal Fossa BY Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai Dated: 14.02.2018 What is popliteus? Introduction Anything relating to, or near the part of the leg behind the knee. From New Latin popliteus the muscle

More information

The Lower Limb VII: The Ankle & Foot. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 7 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa

The Lower Limb VII: The Ankle & Foot. Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 7 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa The Lower Limb VII: The Ankle & Foot Anatomy RHS 241 Lecture 7 Dr. Einas Al-Eisa Ankle joint Synovial, hinge joint Allow movement of the foot in the sagittal plane only (1 degree of freedom): dorsiflexion:

More information

Anatomy MCQs Week 13

Anatomy MCQs Week 13 Anatomy MCQs Week 13 1. Posterior to the medial malleolus of the ankle: The neurovascular bundle lies between Tibialis Posterior and Flexor Digitorum Longus The tendon of Tibialis Posterior inserts into

More information

The Hip (Iliofemoral) Joint. Presented by: Rob, Rachel, Alina and Lisa

The Hip (Iliofemoral) Joint. Presented by: Rob, Rachel, Alina and Lisa The Hip (Iliofemoral) Joint Presented by: Rob, Rachel, Alina and Lisa Surface Anatomy: Posterior Surface Anatomy: Anterior Bones: Os Coxae Consists of 3 Portions: Ilium Ischium Pubis Bones: Pubis Portion

More information

1-Muscles: 2-Blood supply: Branches of the profunda femoris artery. 3-Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve

1-Muscles: 2-Blood supply: Branches of the profunda femoris artery. 3-Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve 1-Muscles: B i c e p s f e m o r i s S e m i t e n d i n o s u s S e m i m e m b r a n o s u s a small part of the adductor magnus (h a m s t r i n g p a r t o r i s c h i a l p a r t ) 2-Blood supply:

More information

SURGICAL AND APPLIED ANATOMY

SURGICAL AND APPLIED ANATOMY Página 1 de 9 Copyright 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bucholz, Robert W., Heckman, James D. Rockwood & Green's Fractures in Adults, 5th Edition SURGICAL AND APPLIED ANATOMY Part of "47 - ANKLE FRACTURES"

More information

The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part D. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College

The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part D. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Chapter 10 Part D The Muscular System Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and

More information

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS STRUCTURAL VS FUNCTIONAL

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS STRUCTURAL VS FUNCTIONAL CHAPTER 8 JOINTS CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS STRUCTURAL VS FUNCTIONAL The most moveable type of joint is a 1) Synarthrosis 2) Amphiarthrosis 3) Diarthrosis FIBROUS JOINTS Figure 8.1 Fibrous joints. (a) Suture

More information

Anterior and Medial compartments of the thigh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Anterior and Medial compartments of the thigh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Anterior and Medial compartments of the thigh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Terms Related to Movements Movement Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Medial (internal)

More information

Human Anatomy Biology 351

Human Anatomy Biology 351 Human Anatomy Biology 351 Lower Limb Please place your name on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average, between

More information

5.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh:

5.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: 5.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group Proximal attachment Distal attachment Sartorius ASIS» Upper part of shaft tibia (middle surface)»

More information

Lecture 08 THIGH MUSCLES ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT. Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai. Dated:

Lecture 08 THIGH MUSCLES ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT. Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai. Dated: Lecture 08 THIGH MUSCLES ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT BY Dr Farooq Khan Aurakzai Dated: 11.02.2017 INTRODUCTION to the thigh Muscles. The musculature of the thigh can be split into three sections by intermuscular

More information

To classify the joints relative to structure & shape

To classify the joints relative to structure & shape To classify the joints relative to structure & shape To describe the anatomy of the hip joint To describe the ankle joint To memorize their blood & nerve supply JOINTS: Joints are sites where skeletal

More information

Mohammad Ashraf. Abdulrahman Al-Hanbali. Ahmad Salman. 1 P a g e

Mohammad Ashraf. Abdulrahman Al-Hanbali. Ahmad Salman. 1 P a g e - 7 Mohammad Ashraf Abdulrahman Al-Hanbali Ahmad Salman 1 P a g e Structures under the cover of Gluteus Maximus: 1-Bones: Ileum, Femur (Head, greater trochanter and gluteal tuberosity), Ischium (ischial

More information

Muscles of the lower extremities. Dr. Nabil khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D

Muscles of the lower extremities. Dr. Nabil khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D Muscles of the lower extremities Dr. Nabil khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D Posterior leg Popliteal fossa Boundaries Biceps femoris (superior-lateral) Semitendinosis and semimembranosis (superior-medial) Gastrocnemius

More information

Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries

Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9 Types of Joints Fibrous joint Cartilaginous

More information

It is formed by fusion of 3 bones: I. Ilium (superior bone). II. Pubis (antero-inferior bone). III. Ischium (postero-inferior bone).

It is formed by fusion of 3 bones: I. Ilium (superior bone). II. Pubis (antero-inferior bone). III. Ischium (postero-inferior bone). It is formed by fusion of 3 bones: I. Ilium (superior bone). II. Pubis (antero-inferior bone). III. Ischium (postero-inferior bone). Pubis Acetabulum Ana (242 ) The three constituent of bones of the hip

More information

Human Anatomy Biology 351

Human Anatomy Biology 351 Human Anatomy Biology 351 Lower Limb Please place your name on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average, between

More information

Knee Joint Assessment and General View

Knee Joint Assessment and General View Knee Joint Assessment and General View Done by; Mshari S. Alghadier BSc Physical Therapy RHPT 366 m.alghadier@sau.edu.sa http://faculty.sau.edu.sa/m.alghadier/ Functional anatomy The knee is the largest

More information

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dr. Nabil Khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Dr. Nabil Khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D Dr. Nabil Khouri MD, MSc, Ph.D Pelvic Girdle (Hip) Organization of the Lower Limb It is divided into: The Gluteal region The thigh The knee The leg The ankle The foot The thigh and the leg have compartments

More information

Understanding Leg Anatomy and Function THE UPPER LEG

Understanding Leg Anatomy and Function THE UPPER LEG Understanding Leg Anatomy and Function THE UPPER LEG The long thigh bone is the femur. It connects to the pelvis to form the hip joint and then extends down to meet the tibia (shin bone) at the knee joint.

More information

Biology 325 Fall 2003

Biology 325 Fall 2003 Name: pre-lab exercise due at beginning of your lab session Matching a. fibrous joints b. cartilaginous joints c. synovial joints 1. exhibit a joint cavity 2. types are sutures and syndesmoses 3. bones

More information

ANATYOMY OF The thigh

ANATYOMY OF The thigh ANATYOMY OF The thigh 1- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Ι) Skin of the thigh Anterior view 2- Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve 1, 2 and 3 are From the lumber plexus 5- Intermediate cutaneous

More information

Myology of the Knee. PTA 105 Kinesiology

Myology of the Knee. PTA 105 Kinesiology Myology of the Knee PTA 105 Kinesiology Objectives Describe the planes of motion and axes of rotation of the knee joint Visualize the origins and insertions of the muscles about the knee List the innervations

More information

ANATYOMY OF The thigh

ANATYOMY OF The thigh ANATYOMY OF The thigh 1- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Ι) Skin of the thigh Anterior view 2- Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve 5- Intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh 1, 2 and 3 are

More information

Introduction. The primary function of the ankle and foot is to absorb shock and impart thrust to the body during walking.

Introduction. The primary function of the ankle and foot is to absorb shock and impart thrust to the body during walking. The ankle 1 Introduction The primary function of the ankle and foot is to absorb shock and impart thrust to the body during walking. OSTEOLOGRY The term ankle refers primarily to the talocrural joint,

More information

Clarification of Terms

Clarification of Terms Clarification of Terms The plantar aspect of the foot refers to the role or its bottom The dorsal aspect refers to the top or its superior portion The ankle and foot perform three main functions: 1. shock

More information

Prevention and Treatment of Injuries. Anatomy. Anatomy. Chapter 20 The Knee Westfield High School Houston, Texas

Prevention and Treatment of Injuries. Anatomy. Anatomy. Chapter 20 The Knee Westfield High School Houston, Texas Prevention and Treatment of Injuries Chapter 20 The Knee Westfield High School Houston, Texas Anatomy MCL, Medial Collateral Ligament LCL, Lateral Collateral Ligament PCL, Posterior Cruciate Ligament ACL,

More information

REVIEW OF LOWER EXTREMITY

REVIEW OF LOWER EXTREMITY REVIEW OF LOWER EXTREMITY I. OVERVIEW - UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITY ROTATION, DERMATOME MAP, REFLEXES II. REGIONS - HIP, KNEE, ANKLE, FOOT DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREMITIES: ROTATION CLAPPING BABY'S HANDS AND FEET

More information

Practical 1 Worksheet

Practical 1 Worksheet Practical 1 Worksheet ANATOMICAL TERMS 1. Use the word bank to fill in the missing words. reference side stand body arms palms anatomical forward All anatomical terms have a(n) point which is called the

More information

Pelvic cavity. Gross anatomy of the lower limb. Walking. Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D.

Pelvic cavity. Gross anatomy of the lower limb. Walking. Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D. Pelvic cavity. Gross anatomy of the lower limb. Walking. Sándor Katz M.D.,Ph.D. Lower limb Pelvic girdle Free lower extremity Hip bone Definitive fusion of the Y- shaped growth plate occurs 16th -18th

More information

Femoral Artery. Its entrance to the thigh Position Midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

Femoral Artery. Its entrance to the thigh Position Midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis Lower Limb Vessels Lecture Objectives Describe the major arteries of the lower limb. Describe the deep and superficial veins of the lower limb. Describe the topographical relationships of the arteries

More information

Articulations. Articulation. Joint between bones. Does not mean movement! Some joints are immovable; sutures.

Articulations. Articulation. Joint between bones. Does not mean movement! Some joints are immovable; sutures. Articulations Joint between bones Articulation Does not mean movement Some joints are immovable; sutures. Classification of joints Two questions about joints: 1- How does it move? - functional 2- How is

More information

ANATYOMY OF The thigh

ANATYOMY OF The thigh ANATYOMY OF The thigh 1- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Ι) Skin of the thigh Anterior view 2- Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve 5- Intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh 1, 2 and 3 are

More information

Muscles of the Thigh. 6.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group

Muscles of the Thigh. 6.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group Muscles of the Thigh 6.1 Identify, describe the attachments of and deduce the actions of the muscles of the thigh: Anterior group Sartorius: This is a long strap like muscle with flattened tendons at each

More information

Figure 7: Bones of the lower limb

Figure 7: Bones of the lower limb BONES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON The appendicular skeleton is composed of the 126 bones of the appendages and the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which attach the limbs to the axial skeleton. Although the

More information

Recognizing common injuries to the lower extremity

Recognizing common injuries to the lower extremity Recognizing common injuries to the lower extremity Bones Femur Patella Tibia Tibial Tuberosity Medial Malleolus Fibula Lateral Malleolus Bones Tarsals Talus Calcaneus Metatarsals Phalanges Joints - Knee

More information

Bones of Lower Limb. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Bones of Lower Limb. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Bones of Lower Limb Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Bones of the lower limb Hip Bone Made up of 3 bones: 1) Ilium (flat), superior in position 2) Ischium (L), postero-inferior

More information

Where should you palpate the pulse of different arteries in the lower limb?

Where should you palpate the pulse of different arteries in the lower limb? Where should you palpate the pulse of different arteries in the lower limb? The femoral artery In the femoral triangle, its pulse is easily felt just inferior to the inguinal ligament midway between the

More information

LOWER LIMB. As we know the bony part of the body is divided into Axial and Appendicular (upper and lower Limbs)

LOWER LIMB. As we know the bony part of the body is divided into Axial and Appendicular (upper and lower Limbs) LOWER LIMB As we know the bony part of the body is divided into Axial and Appendicular (upper and lower Limbs) Bones of the Lower limb: 1-Pelvic Girdle: composed of: 1. Right hip bone : is formed by 3

More information

The Leg. Prof. Oluwadiya KS

The Leg. Prof. Oluwadiya KS The Leg Prof. Oluwadiya KS www.oluwadiya.sitesled.com Compartments of the leg 4 Four Compartments: 1. Anterior compartment Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexes the foot and toes 2. Lateral Compartment Superficial

More information

Exercise 13. Articulations and Body Movements

Exercise 13. Articulations and Body Movements Exercise 13 Articulations and Body Movements Articulations Articulations, or joints, are points where a bone is connected to one or more other bones. Articulations hold the skeleton together. Articulations

More information

Ligamentous and Meniscal Injuries: Diagnosis and Management

Ligamentous and Meniscal Injuries: Diagnosis and Management Ligamentous and Meniscal Injuries: Diagnosis and Management Daniel K Williams, MD Franciscan Physician Network Orthopedic Specialists September 29, 2017 No Financial Disclosures INTRODUCTION Overview of

More information

Lower Limb Nerves. Clinical Anatomy

Lower Limb Nerves. Clinical Anatomy Lower Limb Nerves Clinical Anatomy Lumbar Plexus Ventral rami L1 L4 Supplies: Abdominal wall External genitalia Anteromedial thigh Major nerves.. Lumbar Plexus Nerves relation to psoas m. : Obturator n.

More information

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS

MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LIMBS Naming, location and general function Dr. Nabil khouri ROLES THAT SHOULD NOT BE FORGOTTEN Most anterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh Flexor of the femur at the hip

More information

Posterior compartment of the thigh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

Posterior compartment of the thigh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Posterior compartment of the thigh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology Posterior compartment of the thigh 1-Muscles: Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Adductor magnus

More information

Lectures of Human Anatomy

Lectures of Human Anatomy Lectures of Human Anatomy Lower Limb Gluteal Region and Hip Joint By DR. ABDEL-MONEM AWAD HEGAZY M.B. with honor 1983, Dipl."Gynecology and Obstetrics "1989, Master "Anatomy and Embryology" 1994, M.D.

More information

Muscles of the Hip 1. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: lateral femoral condyle Action: abducts the thigh Nerve: gluteal nerve

Muscles of the Hip 1. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: lateral femoral condyle Action: abducts the thigh Nerve: gluteal nerve Muscles of the Hip 1. Tensor Fasciae Latae O: iliac crest I: lateral femoral condyle Action: abducts the thigh Nerve: gluteal nerve 2. Gluteus Maximus O: ilium I: femur Action: abduct the thigh Nerve:

More information

Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin CHAPTER 8: THE LOWER EXTREMITY: KNEE, ANKLE, AND FOOT KINESIOLOGY Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12 th edition Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens Presentation Created by TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC Humboldt State

More information

RN(EC) ENC(C) GNC(C) MN ACNP *** MECHANISM OF INJURY.. MOST IMPORTANT *** - Useful in determining mechanism of injury / overuse

RN(EC) ENC(C) GNC(C) MN ACNP *** MECHANISM OF INJURY.. MOST IMPORTANT *** - Useful in determining mechanism of injury / overuse HISTORY *** MECHANISM OF INJURY.. MOST IMPORTANT *** Age of patient Sport / Occupation - Certain conditions are more prevalent in particular age groups (Osgood Schlaters in youth / Degenerative Joint Disease

More information

8.2: Fibrous Joints. There are three (3) types of fibrous joints (synarthroses): Syndesmosis Suture Gomphosis. Interosseus membrane of leg.

8.2: Fibrous Joints. There are three (3) types of fibrous joints (synarthroses): Syndesmosis Suture Gomphosis. Interosseus membrane of leg. 8.1: Introduction Are known as articulations Functional junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone growth possible Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth

More information

Human Anatomy Biology 255

Human Anatomy Biology 255 Human Anatomy Biology 255 Exam #4 Please place your name and I.D. number on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average,

More information

Baraa Ayed حسام أبو عوض. Ahmad Salman. 1 P a g e

Baraa Ayed حسام أبو عوض. Ahmad Salman. 1 P a g e 4 Baraa Ayed حسام أبو عوض Ahmad Salman 1 P a g e Today we are going to cover these concepts: Iliotibial tract Anterior compartment of the thigh and the hip Medial compartment of the thigh Femoral triangle

More information

Lower limb summary. Anterior compartment of the thigh. Done By: Laith Qashou. Doctor_2016

Lower limb summary. Anterior compartment of the thigh. Done By: Laith Qashou. Doctor_2016 Lower limb summary Done By: Laith Qashou Doctor_2016 Anterior compartment of the thigh Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia 1. Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates

More information

BIOMECHANICS OF ANKLE FRACTURES

BIOMECHANICS OF ANKLE FRACTURES BIOMECHANICS OF ANKLE FRACTURES William R Reinus, MD MBA FACR Significance of Ankle Fractures Most common weight-bearing Fx 70% of all Fxs Incidence is increasing Bimodal distribution Men 15-24 Women over

More information

BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology KNEE & ANKLE MUSCLES

BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology KNEE & ANKLE MUSCLES BLUE SKY SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL MASSAGE AND THERAPEUTIC BODYWORK Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Kinesiology KNEE & ANKLE MUSCLES MSAK201-I Session 3 1) REVIEW a) THIGH, LEG, ANKLE & FOOT i) Tibia Medial Malleolus

More information

The Knee. Two Joints: Tibiofemoral. Patellofemoral

The Knee. Two Joints: Tibiofemoral. Patellofemoral Evaluating the Knee The Knee Two Joints: Tibiofemoral Patellofemoral HISTORY Remember the questions from lecture #2? Girth OBSERVATION TibioFemoral Alignment What are the consequences of faulty alignment?

More information

Chapter 10. The Knee Joint. The Knee Joint. Bones. Bones. Bones. Bones. Knee joint. Manual of Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS

Chapter 10. The Knee Joint. The Knee Joint. Bones. Bones. Bones. Bones. Knee joint. Manual of Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS The Knee Joint Chapter 10 The Knee Joint Manual of Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 10-1 Knee joint largest joint in body very complex

More information

Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors. Yasser Moh. Aneis, PhD, MSc., PT. Lecturer of Physical Therapy Basic Sciences Department

Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors. Yasser Moh. Aneis, PhD, MSc., PT. Lecturer of Physical Therapy Basic Sciences Department Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors Yasser Moh. Aneis, PhD, MSc., PT. Lecturer of Physical Therapy Basic Sciences Department Muscle Testing of Knee Extensors othe Primary muscle Quadriceps Femoris -Rectus

More information

The Hay is in the Barn

The Hay is in the Barn Anatomy 1 Practical 1 Review Made by Forrest Allen (nerd) Edited by TJ Williamson (not nerd) The Hay is in the Barn 2019 Thunderbringers Too much to handle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glii-kaza d8

More information

A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy

A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy 15195 Heathcote Blvd Suite 334 Haymarket, VA 20169 Phone: 703-369-9070 Fax: 703-369-9240 DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled from a variety of sources.

More information

Joints Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

Joints Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Joints Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Function of Joints 1. Serve as functional junctions between bones. 2. Bind bones, strokes, and other related tissues together. 3. Allow bone growth to occur. 4. Permit certain

More information

Chapter 9 Articulations Articulations joints where two bones interconnect. Two classification methods are used to categorize joints:

Chapter 9 Articulations Articulations joints where two bones interconnect. Two classification methods are used to categorize joints: Chapter 9 Articulations Articulations joints where two bones interconnect Two classification methods are used to categorize joints: Functional classification Structural classification Functional classification

More information

Adductor canal (Subsartorial) or Hunter s canal

Adductor canal (Subsartorial) or Hunter s canal Adductor canal (Subsartorial) or Hunter s canal John Hunter described the exposure and ligation of the femoral artery in this canal for aneurysm of the popliteal artery; this method has the advantage that

More information

Knee Ultrasonography step by step

Knee Ultrasonography step by step Knee Ultrasonography step by step Poster No.: C-2809 Congress: ECR 2018 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: J. A. Torres de Abreu Macedo, N. Pereira da Silva, A. I. Aguiar, F. Alves, F. Caseiro Alves; Coimbra/PT

More information

A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy. Stephanie E. Siegrist, MD, LLC

A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy. Stephanie E. Siegrist, MD, LLC A Patient s Guide to Knee Anatomy Hands, shoulders, knees and toes (and elbows and ankles, too!) Most bone and joint conditions have several treatment options. The best treatment for you is based on your

More information

lesser trochanter of femur lesser trochanter of femur iliotibial tract (connective tissue) medial surface of proximal tibia

lesser trochanter of femur lesser trochanter of femur iliotibial tract (connective tissue) medial surface of proximal tibia LOWER LIMB MUSCLES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON The muscles that act on the lower limb fall into three groups: those that move the thigh, those that move the lower leg, and those that move the ankle, foot,

More information

Knee Injury Assessment

Knee Injury Assessment Knee Injury Assessment Clinical Anatomy p. 186 Femur Medial condyle Lateral condyle Femoral trochlea Tibia Intercondylar notch Tibial tuberosity Tibial plateau Fibula Fibular head Patella Clinical Anatomy

More information

Acland's DVD Atlas of Human Anatomy. Transcript for Volume Robert D Acland

Acland's DVD Atlas of Human Anatomy. Transcript for Volume Robert D Acland Acland's DVD Atlas of Human Anatomy Transcript for Volume 2 2007 Robert D Acland This free downloadable pdf file is to be used for individual study only. It is not to be reproduced in any form without

More information

Anatomy of the lower limb

Anatomy of the lower limb Anatomy of the lower limb 1. Bones of the lower limb Pelvis Hip bone/coxal bone Acetabulum o Acetabular margin o Acetabular fossa o Acetabular notch o Lunate surface Ischiopubic ramus Obturator foramen

More information

OTM Lecture Gait and Somatic Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity

OTM Lecture Gait and Somatic Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity OTM Lecture Gait and Somatic Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity Somatic Dysfunction Tenderness Asymmetry Range of Motion Tissue Texture Changes Any one of which must be present to diagnosis somatic dysfunction.

More information

Standardised. knee. scanning of the. Basic pathology. Nemanja Damjanov. University of Belgrade Institute of Rheumatology

Standardised. knee. scanning of the. Basic pathology. Nemanja Damjanov. University of Belgrade Institute of Rheumatology Standardised scanning of the Nemanja Damjanov University of Belgrade Institute of Rheumatology knee Basic pathology Disclosure Lecturer: Pfizer, Abbvie, Roche, MSD, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gedeon Richter,

More information