2 skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
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1 CHAPTER 7-SKELTON FILL-IN NOTES 2 skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage 3 Fig. 7.1 pg I. Skull: A. : Encloses and the brain - 8 bones B. : 14 bones Cranium A. Forehead (brain) Anterior part of cranium forming the superior eye then horizontal to form of eye of anterior cranial cavity 5 Figs. 7.4 A,Pg Figs. 7.4 b. 5,Pg Fig. 7. 5a, Pgs Fig. 7. 5b, Pg B. (2) bilateral posterior, lateral 2/3 of cranium (brain) fig. 7.5 a C. : (brain) posterior/inferior part of the cranium. D. (2) bilateral, inferior to parietals 1. houses: external auditory (ear canal), middle & internal 2. : posterior part of zygomatic arch 10 Figures 7.5a; pg 203 1
2 11 fig. 7.8; pg : major, serrated joints between previous cranial bones (we ll get back to remaining 2 skull bones latter) : lies in the mid-sagittal plane & separates the left & right 13 Fig. 7.4b; pg B. : lies in coronal plane articulating both anterior with the bone C. suture: posterior skull articulating both posterior with the bone. D. suture: articulates inferior border of w/ superior border of the bones. Cranial bones & sutures: prenatal & newborns Cranial bones [ ] & sutures - child birth 15 fig. 7.5 a pg Last two cranial bones E. middle part of cranial floor 1.Weird, bone that w/ all the other cranial bones 2. Superior surface contains (turk s saddle) hold the gland (hypophysis) 3. Forms part of 4. Part of skull, anterior to temporal bone ( ) 2
3 17 Fig. 7.6a; pg Fig. 7.7a; pg F. : another bizarre shaped bone. 1. Location: midline in anterior part of cranial floor medial to orbits 2. Includes the a. part of the roof of the cavity b. (holes) that carry (smell) to brain 20 Figure 7.4a; page Bones A. lower jaw bone 1. (l) (crown shaped) process a. of temporalis muscle jaw 2. : articulates with mandibular fossa. of temporal bone forms -. a. TMJ syndrome symptoms from joint 22 fig a pg fig. 7.5a pg B. : jaw 2, medially 1. articulate w/ facial bones 2. part of floor of (eye) 3. most of ( of mouth) 4. of cavity C. : Cheek bone zygoma (L) lateral wall & f (eye socket) 1. Forms w/ zygomatic process of temporal bone 3
4 25 Fig. 7.5a pg Fig. 7.6a&b pg Fig. 7.6a&b pg D. : Thin bones fused medially forming the of the nose. a. Everything to bridge is cartilage. E. : 1. Hollow, lined with membranes can become - 2. Connect with cavities 3. found in bones 29 Figures 7.15 a page Figure: 7.15 b page H : A. Anchor for the B. shaped C. Anchored to by thin ligaments 32 Figure 7.12 pg /Spinal Column Spine Vertebrae, 4
5 Three regions 1. : vertebrae ; C1-C7 2. : vertebrae; T1-T12 3. : Vertebrae; L1- L5 4. : segments 5. : segments 3 : degrees 1. : curve & called a 2. curve: curve - 3. curve: curve 34 Fig. 7.16; page Fetus and newborns have, (kyphotic) curve 2 other curves develop as child develops and becomes active Perfect Posture (biomechanical) Digress Vertebrae Structure I. - large round thick bone disc a. Weight is transmitted from to c. Separated by 36 Fig a; pg Fig b; pg Fig. 7.18; page II. Posterior (neural) arch posterior to body 5
6 A. : project posteriorly from the body forming the which meet medially forming the B. : extend laterally for attachment w/ C. : extends for muscle attachment w/ leverage 1. down ones back D. : notch for spinal nerve forming the intervertebral foramen E. processes: 1. Have a smooth articular called 2. Each vertebra has a articular process and an inferior 3. The inferior facet of a vertebrae will articulate (meet) with the superior facet of the vertebra just inferior to it. 4. Facet joint: Where the facets (meet) 42 Fig. 7.20b; pg lii. Vertebral Regions A. Cervical vertebrae 1. C1 holds up the Superior facets articulate w/ occipital condyles of skull a. body or spinous process anterior/posterior processes 2. C2 6
7 a. Has post that acts as an for atlas to on b. Majority of cervical between C1 &C2 44 Fig a; pg Fig a&b; pg Fig. 7.19c; pg All cervical vertebrae, C1-C7, have for vertebral 4. Cervical vertebral bodies are B. Vertebrae. 1. Start out looking like cervicals T1 and become more like lumbars at T12 2. Facets lie in plane only 3. Have extra superior demifacets & inferior costal (rib) facets that articulate 48 Table 7.2; pg Table 2a; pg C. Lumbar Vertebrae L1- L5 1. vertebrae. 2. Facets lie in plane forwards &. backwards movement only D. S1 S5 Solid mass 1. Functional joint between 7
8 E. - tail bone. 1. segments. 2. Attached to sacrum by and Can be sprained. 3. Vestigial tail 1 of 100, disc cushion like pad allowing between adjacent A. : Fibrocartilage - layers,. each w/ fibers running ways. B. : ball in of disc.. 1. ball acts as cushion and vertebrae can in all directions 2. If Anulus gel starts oozing into and can form a. a. bulge can press against pain, numbness, paralysis b. diagram -? 52 Fig 7.17 c; pg Thoracic Cage; A. Sternum parts 1. - Badge (l) a. medial articulation w/ 2. : main section of sternum attach to this 3. process: part of sternum. a. Hymlic maneuver 54 Figure 7.22a; pg Ribs 12 pair 8
9 A. True ribs: 1-7, have hyaline cartilage going to B. : 8-12, Attach to the sternum or not at all C. Floating ribs:, attach to sternum 56 Figure 7.22a; pg Rib structure. A., main part called. 1. : posterior part, articulates with vertebrae at points a. rib s costal facet articulates with of same number b. Ribs costal facet articulates with vertebra just inferior 58 Fig. 7.23a; pg Skeleton. I. Girdle ( ) - anteriorly & posteriorly A. : (l) - shaped 1. Articulates medially w/ of sternum and laterally w/ process of scapula a. Acromio-clavicular joint joint b. Shoulder 60 Fig. 7.24a ; pg Fig. 7.24c; pg
10 62 2. or holding shoulder in place. 3. Easily broken B. Scapula shoulder blade 1. : posterior & horizontal a. lateral end is b. superior to spine is c. inferior to spine is 2. crows beak (l) a. origin (attachment) muscle 3. /cavity articulates w/ head of to form joint 63 Fig. 7.25b; pg C. Upper extremity 1. upper arm bone a. : proximal round ball, articulates w/ 2. Lesser & greater anterior & lateral w/ grove (sulcus) - for bicep - transverse ligament 3. Deltoid insertion 4. lateral & ball like articulates w/ 65 Upper extremity arm Fig a pg (l) pulley hour glass shape like in a hinge 6. anterior, distal fossa accepts process of in flexion 7. posterior, distal fossa accepts process of in. 10
11 8. Lateral & medial rough processes on distal ends where attach 67 Upper extremity arm Fig. 7.26b pg II. Upper extremity - Lower arm A. Medial (remember anatomical ). 1. proximal end: and process form notch 2. notch fits around of. Distal 3. fits into of distal humerous on 4. fits into on. 5. Distally - head w/ medial where ulna articulates with 69 Figure 7.27 c; page Figure 7.27a; page B. lateral (thumb side) 1. slightly concaved disc that rotates on of 2. : distal, medial radius for attachment 3. : wrist ligament attachment. 4. articulation w/ ulna 72 figure 7.26 d pg
12 73 figure 7.26 c pg C. Hand 1. Wrist - see diagrams 2. numbered - lateral to medial - 1 through 5 start with thumb a. ends articulate w/ b. l ends articulate w/ 3. finger bones (long bones) a. 3 rows proximal, middle & distal, except thumb w/o middle 75 C. Hand Figure 7.28 a & b; pg Hand diagram 77 III. Lower Extremity - bone A. Collectively known as: or inominates, left & right. B Fused very early, C. Articulate anteriorly at pubic bones as. disc D. Articulate at the 78 Figure 7.29; pg E. : Superior, coxa bone 1. Iliac crest muscle attachment Figure: 7.30 a,b,c,d pg articulation - slight 12
13 F. : posterior, inferior coxa 1. : inferior aspect sit on it - for muscle attachments G. : anterior, inferior coxa left & right, form symphysis pubes. H. : junction of ischium, Pubis & Ilium of, ball & socket joint 81 Figure: 7.30 a pg Figure: 7.30b pg Male/female pelvis - Table: 7.4; page Lower Limb A. - thigh/upper leg, bone in body. 1. Proximally, head articulates w/ of coxa 2. : laterally connects head & shaft a. weak (osteoporosis) 3. : lateral & medial articulate w/ proximal (on top of condyles) 4. : greater/lesser, superior, lateral & medial for attachment (knee cap) embedded in, which rides on the patellar surface, between the condyles. 86 Fig. 7.31; pg B. shin bone (lower leg) carries body from femur. 13
14 1. : lateral & medial articulate w/ of, between 2. : Superior/ anterior diaphysis attachment disease 88 Fig. 7.32; pg C. :, lower leg bone,. superiorly articulates w/ tibia 1. Inferiorly articulates w/ of ankle & has a lateral hanging over lateral articulation 2. : Holds lower leg bones no movement 90 Fig. 7.32; pg D. Foot: (ankle), (foot) & (toe) Figure 7.33; page 240 See Handout 1. a. : heel bone attaches to tendon/ calf muscle (gastrocnemius) b. - articulates with inferior c., cuboid & 3 cuneiforms 92Figure 7.33; page
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