Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions SHOULDER AND ELBOW UPDATE Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 1

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1 Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions Conflict of Interest Slide Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions Gerald R. Williams, MD John M. Fenlin, Jr, MD Professor, The Rothman Institute Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Board of Directors AAOS Stipend Royalties DJO- shoulder arthroplasty Depuy: shoulder arthroplasty Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins: shoulder texts IMDS/Cleveland Clinic: arthroplasty Research: Tornier, Depuy, Synthasome Stock Ownership: In-vivo therapeutics, CrossCurrent Business Analytics, LLC, OBERD, LLC, Force Therapeutics Agenda Indications Prognostic factors Instability Indications Technique Results SLAP lesions Indications Technique Results Age Number of dislocations Ligamentous laxity Activity Bone deficiency Boileau, et. al. JBJS BR Indications Generalizations Indications Operate for instability not pain Soft-tissue procedures good for soft-tissue problems Soft-tissue stretch must be addressed with more than 5 dislocations Bony procedures good for bone pathology Seizure disorders controlled (6 months) Traumatic TUBS Microtraumatic Atraumatic AMBRI Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 1

2 Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions Traumatic unidirectional Anterior Posterior Traumatic multidirectional Involuntary Atraumatic-- very occassionally Indications Techniques Arthroscopic capsulorrhaphy +/- Remplissage Open Bankart 3-5 times a year Open (arthroscopic) Latarjet Revisions Bipolar bone loss (seizures) Open other grafts allograft, iliac crest Arthroscopic vs. Open Technique Open vs. Arthroscopic Arthroscopic equipment and technique have improved considerably Still a role for both Consider open in revisions or bone loss situations Arthroscopic Repair Results (Penn Score) No labrum, Healed medially Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 2

3 Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions Open vs. Arthroscopic Bone defects Matter Arthroscopic repair was as effective as open reconstruction for traumatic, recurrent, anterior glenohumeral instability in our study population Newer fixation methods provide reliable fixation for experienced shoulder surgeons Arthroscopic repair was not associated with greater patient satisfaction SLAP Repair Prognostic Factors Type I SLAP Age SLAP type Concomitant pathology Injury history Desired activity Very common Can be normal finding Debridement Type II SLAP Type II SLAP Arthroscopic repair 1-2 anterior anchors 1 posterior anchor-- posterior SLAP Posterolateral portal ( Port of Wilmington ) Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 3

4 Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions Type II SLAP Type II Slap Type III SLAP Type IV SLAP Concomitant Pathology Internal Glenoid Impingement AIGHL-- checkrein for ABER Int. Imp. AIGHL laxity vs. Posterior capsular contracture Decreased humeral retroversion Internal Glenoid Impingement Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 4

5 Surgical Management of Instability and SLAP Lesions SLAP Repair Conclusions Good with isolated lesions, young patients High incidence of stiffness in older patients Decreasing incidence of repair Biceps tenodesis vs. SLAP repair THANK YOU. Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 5

6 Pathophysiology and Surgical Management of Shoulder Arthritis Conflict of Interest Slide Pathophysiology and Surgical Management of Shoulder Arthritis: Total and Reverse Arthroplasty Gerald R. Williams, MD The John M. Fenlin, Jr., MD Professor of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Board of Directors AAOS Stipend Royalties DJO- shoulder arthroplasty Depuy: shoulder arthroplasty Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins: shoulder texts IMDS/Cleveland Clinic: arthroplasty Research: Tornier, Depuy, Synthasome Stock Ownership: In-vivo therapeutics, CrossCurrent Business Analytics, LLC, OBERD, LLC, Force Therapeutics Agenda Glenohumeral Arthritis Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Arthroplasty background Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty Crystalline Arthritis Post-traumatic Arthritis Avascular Necrosis Inflammatory Arthritis Rotator cuff Osteoarthritis Capsule Bone Pathophysiology Primary Pathology Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Posttraumatic Arthritis I I Avascular Necrosis Rheumatoid Arthritis I I Cuff Tear Arthritis I Cartilage Loss Soft-Tissue Abnormalities Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 1

7 Pathophysiology and Surgical Management of Shoulder Arthritis CT/MRI Inflammatory Arthritis Arthroplasty Decision-making Factors Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty Age Activity level Joint geometry Rotator cuff status Capsular contracture Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Surgical Principles (1970) Extended deltopectoral approach Preserve deltoid Soft-tissue balancing Preserve normal anatomy Reconstruct joint anatomically Tuberosity-Head height Lateral offset Version and alignment Rehabilitation Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty Results Neer--Results disease dependent Neer, Watson, et.al. JBJS, 64A, 1982 Neer, Shoulder Reconstruction, WB Saunders, % satisfactory results Minimum 2 yr follow-up Approximately 30% glenoid lucent lines 2/615 revised as of 1988 Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 2

8 Pathophysiology and Surgical Management of Shoulder Arthritis Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty Results Subscapularis Management Torchia, Cofield, et. al. (JSES, 6, 1997) 12 year mean follow-up 44% glenoid loosening 83% good pain relief 117 degrees of elevation (related to cuff disease) Survivorship: 93% at 10 yrs; 87% at 15 years Advancement Advancement -30 ER < 10 Z-Lengthening Post-Operative Subscapularis Failure Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy Moeckel, B. H.; Altchek, D. W.; Warren, R. F.; Wickiewicz, T. L.; and Dines, D. M.: Instability of the shoulder after arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 75(4): , % Anterior Instability 100% subscapularis rupture Miller, S. L.; Hazrati, Y.; Klepps, S.; Chiang, A.; and Flatow, E. L.: Loss of subscapularis function after total shoulder replacement: A seldom recognized problem. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 12(1): 29-34, % + lift-off or abdominal compression 92% Subscapularis dysfunction (tuck in shirt) Did not study relationship to outcome score Gerber, C.; et.al. : J Bone Joint Surg Am, 87(8): , % negative ACT; 75% normal LOT Substantially better than historical results with softtissue repair Flatow, E. L.; et.al.: J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 17(1): 68-72, % normal ACT (32.5% previous series-- soft-tissue repair) 83.3% no subscapularis dysfunction (tuck in shirt) Other Perspectives Tendon-to-tendon repair may be better than peal and equivalent to LTO Caplan JL, Whitfield B, Neviaser RJ. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2009;18:193-6; discussion 7-8. LTO to Tendon-to-tendon no difference in subscapularis function, easier glenoid exposure Levine, et.al. Scalise, Rothman et. Institute al., JBJS, of Orthopaedics 92A, at 2010 Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 3

9 Pathophysiology and Surgical Management of Shoulder Arthritis Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Constrained Arthroplasty Not a new concept Paul Grammont 1985 Dijon, France Delta III (Grammont 1987) How is it Different? Results Large sphere, no neck Medialized center Valgus neck-shaft angle (155 degrees) Werner, Gerber, et.al Early Experience Total complication rate 50% Reoperation rate 33% Primary cases 18% Revisions 39% Hematoma most common complication Reverse arthroplasty is a salvage procedure for severe shoulder dysfunction caused by an irreparable rotator cuff tear associated with other glenohumeral lesions. --Werner CM, Steinmann PA, Gilbart M, Gerber C. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87: Reverse arthroplasty should be used exclusively in patients over seventy years old with low functional demands. Guery J, Favard L, Sirveaux F, Oudet D, Mole D, Walch G. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88: Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 4

10 Pathophysiology and Surgical Management of Shoulder Arthritis American Experience Expanding Indications Generally lower complication rate Benefit of European learning curve Still high relative to anatomic implant similar to when anatomic implant first introduced Revision CTA Malunion/nonunion RA Tumor Osteoarthritis with cuff tear Osteoarthritis with intact cuff and bone deformity Post-traumatic arthritis Cuff tear without arthritis Market Impact Conclusions Kim SH, Wise BL, Zhang Y, Szabo RM. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93: Shoulder arthroplasty has come a long way Many more qualified surgeons performing them Outcomes have improved and will continue to The best operation I do! THANK YOU. Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 5

11 Rotator Cuff Repair : Who, When, and How Conflict of Interest Slide Rotator Cuff Repair: Who, When, How Gerald R. Williams, MD John M. Fenlin, Jr, MD Professor, The Rothman Institute Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Board of Directors AAOS Stipend Royalties DJO- shoulder arthroplasty Depuy: shoulder arthroplasty Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins: shoulder texts IMDS/Cleveland Clinic: arthroplasty Research: Tornier, Depuy, Synthasome Stock Ownership: In-vivo therapeutics, CrossCurrent Business Analytics, LLC, OBERD, LLC, Force Therapeutics Agenda Cuff Aging/Natural History Asymptomatic Cuff aging/natural history Patient selection who and when Technique of cuff repair-- how Results Conclusions Sher, et.al., JBJS 77A, 1995 Cuff Aging/Natural History Cuff Aging/Natural History Yamaguchi K. et.al. J Bone Joint Surg 2006:88: Yamaguchi, K., A. M. Tetro, et al. JSES (2001). Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 1

12 Rotator Cuff Repair : Who, When, and How Patient Selection Prognostic Factors Acuity and Size Acuity Size Patient factors Age Activity Smoking history DM Tissue quality (Fenlin, Goutallier, Gerber, others) Cuff Repair Principles Early vs. Late Repair Cuff Repair Principles Early vs. Late Repair Repair Tension (N) Time from Injury (weeks) Group 1 3 wks Group wks Bassett, R. W. and R. H. Cofield CORR (1983). Gimbel, J. A., S. Mehta, Williams, G, et al. Rothman Institute of (2004). Orthopaedics at Group wks Elevation Pain relief Satis. Satis. Satis. Recommended repair within 3 wks Who? When? Favorable Young (< 70) Small tear Healthy Non-smoker Active Recent injury Unfavorable Older (>70) Large tear Minimal comorbidities Smoker Low demand i.e. may not need it No injury Early Recent injury Large tear (i.e. retraction) Weakness High demand Late No injury Small tear Minimal weakness Low demand Increased age Co-morbidities Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 2

13 Rotator Cuff Repair : Who, When, and How Cuff Repair Technique Principles (Neer 1972) Open superior approach Subperiosteal anterior deltoid takedown Coracoacromial ligament excision Anterior acromioplasty Cuff mobilization Cuff repair to bone through tunnels Early (immediate) passive motion Arthroscopic Cuff Repair Technique Mobilization Superficial Deep Interval slides/releases Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 3

14 Rotator Cuff Repair : Who, When, and How Cuff Repair Principles Cuff Repair Principles?Acromioplasty? acromioplasty No acromioplasty No type 3s, single tendon tears Gartsman, G. M. and P. O'Connor D JSES (2004). Cuff Repair Principles?Acromioplasty? Cuff Repair Principles?Acromioplasty? No control group The Jury is still out McCallister W. V. et.al. J Bone Joint Surg 2005:87: Results Repair Integrity 105 shoulders, avg 5 year f/u Supraspinatus-- 20% recurrence Two tendons-- 45% recurrence Three tendons-- 65% recurrence Most patients satisfied-- even with recurrent defect Function and satisfaction correlated with integrity Harryman, et.al., JBJS 73A, 1991 Open vs. Arthroscopic Repair Pot. Arthro. Adv. Less deltoid morbidity Less post-operative pain Less subacromial scarring Better cuff mobilization/visualiz ation Better patient acceptance Pot. Arthro. Disadv. Simple sutures Anchors vs. tunnels Cuff repair footprint Surface area available for healing Double row may help Technically demanding-- may be volume dependent Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 4

15 Rotator Cuff Repair : Who, When, and How Post-operative Integrity Post-operative Integrity Double Row Bishop, J., S. Klepps, Flatow, E. et al. JSES (2006). Lafosse, L., R. Brozska, et al. JBJS (2007). Cuff Repair Conclusions Acknowledgements Complex event Right patient Right time Correct Surgical technique Louis Soslowsky, PhD, Stavros Thomopoulos, PhD, JJ Sarver, J Gimbel, PhD, Cathy Peltz, LM Dourte THANK YOU. Gerald R. Williams, Jr., MD 5

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