THE SKELETAL SYSTEM. Focus on the Pectoral Girdle

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1 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Focus on the Pectoral Girdle

2 Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones Includes bones of the limbs (arms and legs) Pectoral girdle (shoulder) Pelvic girdle (hip)

3 Pectoral Girdle (the shoulder) Allows free movement of upper limb few ligaments = loose attachment = large range of motion Downside; Easily dislocated Consists of two bones 1. clavicle (collarbone) 2. scapula (shoulder blade)

4 The Clavicle ( little key ; collarbone) Acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the thoracic cage Helps prevent shoulder dislocation Structures to know: Sternoclavicular joint where the clavicle meets the sternum Acromioclavicular joint where the clavicle meets the scapula

5 Right Pectoral Girdle - Anterior Acromioclavicular joint clavicle Sternoclavicular joint scapula

6 Right Pectoral Girdle -Posterior

7 The Scapula ( little shovel ) Anatomy: Flattened body Spine (posterior surface) Supraspinous fossa shallow depression above the spine Infraspinous fossa shallow depression below the spine Subscapular fossa (anterior surface)

8 The Scapula ( little shovel ) Anatomy continued: Acromion process = enlarged end of the spine articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint Coracoid process = beak like process Points over the top of the shoulder and anchors arm muscles Suprascapular notch = nerve passageway (suprascapular nerve) Glenoid fossa (cavity) = shallow socket that receives the head of the arm In greek glene (socket)

9 Right Scapula posterior aspect Superior border Supraspinous fossa Coracoid process Suprascapular notch acromion Glenoid Fossa spine Medial border Infraspinous fossa Lateral border

10 Right Scapula anterior aspect acromion Suprascapular notch Coracoid process Superior angle Glenoid Cavity subscapular fossa Lateral border Medial border Inferior Angle

11 Appendicular Sketches I. Scapula Anterior view Posterior view Lateral View LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES Spine, acromion, coracoid process, infraspinous/supraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, glenoid fossa, suprascapular notch

12 Rotator Cuff Muscles

13 Anatomy in Clay Build a 3D model of a right scapula Use the models at the front of the room and on the skeletons as reference Your scapula model should have the following: Show your teacher when you are finished Spine, supraspinous and infraspinous fossa Acromion Coracoid process Medial, lateral, superior and inferior borders Suprascapular notch Glenoid cavity

14 THE UPPER LIMB

15 Bones of the Upper limbs 30 separate bones in each upper limb Arm, forearm, hand

16 The Humerus (arm) The humerus single typical long bone of the upper arm Articulates proximally with scapula and clavicle and distally with radius and ulna Proximal Features: Head fits into glenoid cavity of scapula Greater and lesser tubercles two bony projections lateral to the head Separated by the intertubercular sulcus Anatomical neck slight constriction just inferior to the head Surgical neck most frequently fractured part of the humerus

17

18 The Humerus (arm) Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular Sulcus head Anatomical Neck Surgical Neck

19 The Humerus (arm) Features of the Diaphysis: Deltoid tuberosity attachment of deltoid (shoulder) muscle Radial groove where the radial nerve rests

20 The Humerus (arm) Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular Sulcus head Anatomical Neck Greater tubercle Surgical Neck Radial Groove Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity

21 The Humerus (arm) Distal features: Epicondyles (protrusions): medial and lateral Olecranon fossa: posterior pocket; funny bone Coronoid fossa: anterior pocket Trochlea: (medial) articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna. Capitulum: (lateral) articulates with head of the radius

22 The Humerus (arm) Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular Sulcus head Anatomical Neck Greater tubercle Surgical Neck Radial Groove Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid tuberosity Medial ridge Lateral ridge Radial fossa capitulum Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Medial Epicondyle trochlea Lateral Epicondyle

23 Appendicular Sketches I. Scapula II. Humerus Anterior view Posterior view LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES Head, neck, greater/lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, radial groove, olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa, medial/lateral epicondyles, trochlea, capitulum

24

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26 The forearm Consists of two bones 1. Radius = lateral bone when in anatomical position 2. Ulna = medial bone when in anatomical position Radioulnar joints = site of articulation of radius and ulna Two bones are connected along their entire length by interosseous membrane Structures to know: radial tuberosity, styloid process, coronoid process, olecranon process, trochlear notch

27 Trochlear Notch head neck Radial tuberosity Olecranon Process Coronoid Process Proximal Radioulnar joint Radius Ulna Interosseous membrane Styloid Process (radius) Styloid Process (ulna) Distal Radioulnar joint

28 Appendicular Sketches I. Scapula (3: anterior, posterior, lateral) II. Humerus (2: anterior and posterior) III. Radius and Ulna (1; anterior) Anterior view LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES

29 The Hand Wrist (carpals) = 8 short bones Scaphoid, capitate, trapezium, trapezoid, lunate, pisiform, hamate, triquetrum Palm (metacarpals) = 5 long bones Numbered 1(thumb) to 5 (pinky) Fingers (phalanges)= long bones Each finger has 3 phalanges Thumb has 2 phalanges

30 distal Phalanges middle proximal Metacarpals Carpals hamate pisiform triquetrum lunate Ulna Radius trapezium trapezoid scaphoid capitate

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32 Appendicular Sketches I. Scapula (3: anterior, posterior and lateral) II. Humerus (2: anterior and posterior) III. Radius and Ulna (1; anterior) IV. Hand (1; anterior) Anterior view LABEL ALL STRUCTURES LISTED IN NOTES Grab a chromebook and research the origin of the names of the 8 carpal bones add this information to your sketch book

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36 Sketches 1. Scapula (3; anterior, posterior and lateral) Label: acromion, coracoid process, spine, infraspinous, supraspinous and subscapular fossa, medial lateral and superior borders, glenoid cavity, suprascapular notch 2. Humerus (2: anterior AND posterior) Label: head, surgical neck, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, intertubercular sulcus, radial groove, deltoid tuberosity, capitulum, trochlea, medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon and coronoid fossa 3. Radius and Ulna (1: anterior) Label: Hand (1: anterior) Label:

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