Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 Review Sheet

Transcription

1 Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 Review Sheet Chapter 1 Name Date Hour 1. investigates the body's structure, whereas investigates the processes or functions of living things. A. Physiology, cytology B. Physiology, anatomy C. Anatomy, histology D. Histology, cytology E. Anatomy, physiology 2. A group of cells with similar structure and function, together with the extracellular substances located between them, form a (n): A. organism. B. organelle. C. tissue. D. organ. E. organ system. 3. The basic living unit of all plants and animals is a (n):. A. cell B. chemical C. organ D. organelle E. tissue 4. Which organ system removes substances from the blood, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fat from the digestive tract? A. endocrine B. integumentary C. lymphatic D. respiratory E. urinary 5. Which organ system consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands? A. endocrine B. integumentary C. lymphatic D. respiratory E. urinary 6. Which organ system consists of hormone-secreting glands, such as the pituitary and thyroid glands? A. endocrine B. integumentary C. lymphatic D. respiratory E. urinary

2 7. Which of these characteristics of life helps maintain homeostasis when environmental conditions change? A. growth and development B. metabolism C. organization D. reproduction E. responsiveness 8. Given these terms related to negative-feedback: 1. control center 2. effector 3. receptor 4. response 5. stimulus.arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis. A. 1,2,3,4,5 B. 2,3,5,1,4 C. 3,2,1,5,4 D. 4,5,3,2,1 E. 5,3,1,2,4 9. Which of these processes illustrates positive-feedback? A. increase in respiratory rate during exercise B. increase in heart rate when blood pressure decreases C. shivering when body temperature decreases D. increase in uterine contractions when uterine stretching increases during childbirth E. all of these 10. Failure of negative-feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis A. may produce disease. B. occurs when blood pressure increases during exercise. C. can be corrected by stimulating positive-feedback mechanisms. D. cannot be corrected by medical therapy. E. all of these 11. To maintain homeostasis, the normal range of values for a variable A. is always below the set point. B. may change in different situations. C. may not deviate from the set point. D. occurs because of positive-feedback. 12. A term that means "away from the midline" is: A. distal B. lateral C. medial D. proximal E. superior 13. Which of these descriptions does NOT apply correctly to a person in the anatomical position? A. standing erect B. head facing forward C. feet facing forward D. arms hanging to the side E. palms facing toward the thighs

3 14. The scapula (shoulder blade) is to the lung. A. dorsal B. posterior C. superficial D. all of these 15. The elbow is to the wrist. A. distal B. superior C. lateral D. medial E. proximal 16. The nose is and to the ears. A. anterior, proximal B. superior, lateral C. inferior, posterior D. anterior, medial E. superficial, medial 17. Which of the paired terms below are opposites? A. anterior and cephalic B. posterior and cephalic C. posterior and caudal D. superior and cephalic E. anterior and dorsal 18. Pancreatitis describes: A. inflammation of the pancreas. B. removal of the pancreas. C. cancer of the pancreas. D. secretions from the pancreas. E. death of the pancreas. 19. Which of these anatomical terms refers to the ankle? A. manus B. femoral C. carpal D. inguinal E. tarsal 20. Which of these anatomical terms refers to the ball of the shoulder? A. deltoid B. brachial C. cervical D. buccal E. digital 21. The only plane that can divide the body into equal halves is the. A. frontal (coronal) plane B. oblique plane C. mid-sagittal plane D. transverse plane E. Serengeti plane

4 22. A (n) plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions. A. frontal (coronal) B. oblique C. sagittal D. transverse 23. What is another name for the frontal plane? 24. Which of these statements concerning body regions is correct? A. The pelvis is located between the thorax and abdomen. B. The leg extends from the knee to the ankle. C. The arm extends from the shoulder to the wrist. D. The trunk can be divided into the thoracic area and pelvis. 25. The cavity surrounded by the rib cage and bordered inferiorly by the diaphragm is the A. pericardial cavity. B. thoracic cavity C. abdomen. D. pelvic cavity. 26. Homeostatic imbalance has occurred when a A. person shivers as a result of being cold. B. person's heart rate increases as a result of exercise. C. person sweats as a result of being hot. D. person's breathing rate increases as a result of exercise. E. person becomes ill. 27. Select the option that shows increasing complexity levels. A. Organ system, organ, tissue, cellular B. Cellular, tissue, organ, organ system C. Organ, tissue, cellular, organ system D. Cellular, tissue, organ system, organ E. Tissue, organ, organ system, cellular 28. The opposite of superior is. A. lateral B. inferior C. ventral D. distal E. superficial 29. Which choice below is NOT one of the three components of homeostatic control systems? A. The control center B. The effector C. Stimulus (cause of the initial change) D. Receptor (senses the change) 30. The respiratory system contains the A. liver, small intestine, and colon. B. kidneys, ureters, and bladder. C. trachea, bronchi, and lungs. D. pituitary, pineal, and thyroid glands. E. uterus, vagina, and uterine tube.

5 31. Which of the following body systems acts as a fast-acting control system for the body? A. Reproductive B. Skeletal C. Respiratory D. Endocrine E. Nervous 32. Which of the following body systems functions to produce blood cells? A. Digestive B. Reproductive C. Skeletal D. Respiratory E. Urinary 33. Which of the following is NOT a necessary human life function? A. Excretion B. Responsiveness C. Movement D. Intelligence E. Metabolism 34. Which one of the following is NOT a survival need? A. Atmospheric Pressure B. Food C. Water D. Transportation E. Oxygen 35. The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is a physiological ability known as A. excretion B. responsiveness C. metabolism D. digestion 36. All of the following are correct positioning when placing the body in the anatomical position except A. the feet are slightly apart. B. the palms are facing forward. C. the body is "standing to attention". D. the thumbs are pointing medially. 37. Which of the following organs lies in the dorsal cavity? A. the lungs B. the kidney C. the spinal cord D. the stomach Give the opposite for each of the following directional terms. 38. caudal 39. lateral distal inferior ventral 43. superficial posterior

6 Circle the answer which will make the sentence correct. 45. The big toe is on the lateral/medial side of the foot. 46. The scapula is on the anterior/posterior side of the body. 47. The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow. 48. The hips are superior/inferior to the shoulders. 49. The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine. 50. The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle. Complete using the terms superior and inferior. 51. The hands are to the feet 52. The knees are to the waist. 53. The elbow is to the wrist. 54. The calf muscle is to the ankle. Complete using the terms anterior and posterior. 55. The heel is to the toes. 56. The biceps are to the triceps. 57. The hamstring is to the quadriceps Complete using the terms lateral and medial. 58. The arms are to the midline. 59. The neck is to the arms. 60. The shoulders are to the midline. 61. List the survival needs for the human body. 62. Why is it important to utilize the anatomical position?

7 63. What are the necessary life functions for the human body? 64. Explain how two organ systems help the human body maintain homeostasis. 65. List the 11 body systems below. Be sure to know the major organs and general functions of each. 66. Explain negative feedback and provide a couple examples of it in the human body. Draw a simple graph that would illustrate negative feedback in the human body. Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism in which a 'stimulus' causes an opposite 'output' in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated; the responsee reverses a change in a controlled condition. Examples include the maintenance of body temperature, blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and blood ph. 67. Explain positive feedback and provide a couple examples of it in the human body. Draw a simple graph that would illustrate positive feedback in the human body. Positive feedback occurs when the rate of a process increases as the concentration of the product increases; the response strengthens the change in a controlled condition. Examples include normal blood clotting and uterine contractions during labor.

8 68. Try labeling the following regional terms without using your notes. When you get as far as you can, then use your notes to fill in any gaps. USE YOUR NOTES FOR A KEY ON THIS PAGE!!!!!!!!