Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1: The Human Body Worksheet

Transcription

1 Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1: The Human Body Worksheet 1. The structures of the body are organized in successively larger and more complex structures. Fill in the blanks with the correct terms for these increasingly larger structures. Chemicals Organism 2. Name the three ventral cavities. a) b) c) 3. Name the two dorsal cavities. a) b) 4. What are the six features of all living things? a) b) c) d) e) f) Relate the following structures to each other using anatomical terminology. 5. The Head is to the neck. 6. The Skin is to the muscles. 7. The Ears are to the eyes. 8. The Toes are to the ankle. 9. The Diaphragm is to the lungs. 10. The Heart is to the diaphragm. 11. The Wrist is to the hand. 12. The Esophagus is to the vertebral column. 13. The Brain is to the spinal cord. 14. The Knee is to the ankle. 15. The Small intestine is to the stomach. 16. The Fingers are to the hand. 17. The Sternum is to the vertebra. 18. The mouth is to the nose. 19. The Thumb is to pinky finger. 20. The Calf is to the shin. 1

2 21. Anatomy is the study of and physiology is the study of. a) function, structure b) animals, plants c) cells, tissues d) structure, function 22. The specialized study which analyzes the internal structure of individual cells is a) histology b) cytology c) pathology d) microbiology 23. The two regulatory systems of the body include the a) nervous & endocrine b) digestive & reproductive c) muscular & skeletal d) cardiovascular & pulmonary 24. Homeostasis refers to a) keeping the body parts in proper size & form b) treating illnesses with small doses of drugs c) interbreeding in groups of the same species d) stabilizing internal conditions in physiological systems 25. When a variation, outside of normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation, the mechanisms is called a) positive feedback b) crisis management c) negative feedback d) homeostasis 26. When the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus, the mechanism is called a) autoregulation b) negative feedback c) extrinsic regulation d) positive feedback 27. When a person is lying down face up in the anatomical position, the individual is said to be a) prone b) rostral c) supine d) proximal 28. Making a sagittal section results in the separation of' a) anterior and posterior portions of the body b) superior and inferior portions of the body c) dorsal and ventral portions of the body d) right and left portions of the body 29. The subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity include the a) thoracic and abdominal cavity b) abdominal and pelvic cavity c) pericardial and pleural cavity d) cranial and spinal cavity 30. Which of the following is not a discipline of anatomy? a) developmental b) gross c) homeostatic d) systemic 31. Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together? a) developmental b) gross c) homeostatic d) systemic 32. In a negative feedback mechanism a) the response of the effector is to depress or end the original stimulus b) the response of the effector is to enhance the original stimulus c) the effect is usually damaging to the body d) the physiological function is maintained within a narrow range 33. What cavity is inferior to the abdominal cavity? a) ventral b) dorsal c) pelvic d) cranial e) thoracic 2

3 34. A coronal plane through the head a) could pass through both the nose and occiput b) could pass through both ears c) must pass through the mouth d) could lie in a horizontal plane 35. Which of these organs would not be cut by a midsagittal plane a) urinary bladder b) heart c) gallbladder d) small intestine 36. The dorsal aspect of the human body is also its a) anterior surface b) posterior surface c) lateral aspect d) superior aspect 37. An accident victim has a collapsed lung. Which cavity has been entered? a) dorsal b) thoracic c) pericardial d) vertebral 38. The abdominal and thoracic cavities are separated by the a) stomach b) lungs c) spinal cord d) diaphragm 39. The term for all the chemical processes occurring within an organism is a) irritablilty b) reproduction c) metabolism d) adaptation / evolution 40. Nervous structures sensitive to a change in its environment are a) receptors b) effectors c) control centers d) free nerve endings Using the key choices, identify the body cavities where the following organs are located. A. Abdominal B. Cranial C. Pelvic D. Spinal E. Thoracic 41. Stomach 42. Small intestine 43. Spinal cord 44. Lungs 45. Spleen 46. Liver 47. Brain 48. Rectum 49. Urinary bladder 50. Gall bladder 51. Heart 52. Ovaries 3

4 Read the section about the organ systems of the body. Using the key choices, identify the body system to which the following organs or functions belong. Some will be used more than once; others not at all. A. Cardiovascular E. Lymphatic I. Respiratory B. Digestive F. Muscular J. Skeletal C. Endocrine G. Nervous K. Urinary D. Integumentary H. Reproductive 53. Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes. 54. Contains the Brain, nerves and sensory receptors. 55. Provides support and levers on which the muscles can act. 56. Includes the heart and the blood vessels. 57. Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and from drying out. 58. Breaks down food into small particles that can be absorbed. 59. Includes the kidneys, bladder, & ureters. 60. Includes the esophagus, large intestine, & stomach. 61. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body. 62. Controls the body with chemicals called hormones. 63. Includes the ovaries & uterus in women and the testes & vas deferens in men. 64. Moves the limbs and allows for facial expression. 65. Includes the pancreas, pituitary & adrenal glands. Using the key choices, identify the following body parts or areas. A. Abdominal F. Crural K. Occipital P. Sural B. Axillary G. Digital L. Oral Q. Umbilical C. Brachial H. Femoral M. Orbital D. Buccal I. Gluteal N. Popliteal E. Cervical J. Lumbar O. Patellar 66. Armpit 67. Thigh 68. Belly button 69. Neck 70. Buttock 71. Fingers or toes 72. Posterior side of the head 73. Lower back area 74. Mouth 75. Upper arm 76. Knee cap 77. Shin 78. Calf 79. Eyes 4

5 80. Label the Planes of the Body A. B. C. C A B 81. Label the Body Cavities A. B. G C. Wall F D. E. F. G. H. B C D H A E 5

6 82. On the following figure, label all the body parts using the correct anatomical terms. 6