PEMP-AML2506. Day 01A. Session Speaker Dr. M. D. Deshpande. 01A M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore 1

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1 AML2506 Biomechanics and Flow Simulation PEMP-AML2506 Day 01A An Introduction ti to Biomechanics i Session Speaker Dr. M. D. Deshpande 1

2 Session Objectives At the end of this session the delegate would have understood What is biomechanics? How does biomechanics fit into the study of human movement? 2

3 Session Topics 1. Biomechanics and the study of human movement 2. Who studies biomechanics? 3. What are the two major areas of mechanics? 4. What are the three types of motion? 5. Distinction between qualitative and quantitative biomechanics 3

4 What is biomechanics? PEMP-AML2506 Mechanics: Branch of Physics that analyses the action of forces on particles and mechanical systems Biomechanics:Application of mechanical principles p in the study of living organisms bio mechanics Other definitions: 1. The science that investigates the effects of internal and external forces on living bodies 2. The study of the effects and control of forces that act on and are produced by living ing bodies 4

5 Sub-branches of biomechanics PEMP-AML2506 Statics: study of systems in constant motion,(including zero motion) Dynamics: study of systems subject to acceleration Kinematics: study of the appearance or description of motion Kinetics: study of the actions of forces Anthropometric: Related to the dimension and weights of body segments (Anthropos = man, <Greek>) What is kinesiology? : the study of human movement, whatever the purpose of human movement study, basic sciences like Anatomy, Physiology,Neurophysiology, Physics, Psychology, Nutrition are involved 5

6 What is sports medicine? PEMP-AML2506 An umbrella term that encompasses both clinical and scientific aspects of exercise and sport Sports Medicine Biomechanics Athletic training Exercise physiology Physical therapy Cardiac rehabilitation Motor control Sport nutrition Other medical Sport psychology Athletic training specialties 6

7 What Problems are studied by Biomechanists? Aeronautical Engineers, Aerospace Engineers, ISRO, DRDO, NASA, Department of Transportation Study the effects and causes of acceleration Ergonomics, Occupational Engineers Study the man-machine interface Medical professionals in orthopedics, rehabilitation, prosthetics design Biologists in understanding plant growth and animal adaptations Anthropologists in understanding skeletal and muscular function Sports biomechanists Technique improvement Understanding human movement Training and rehab modalities Equipment design and safety 7

8 Why Study Biomechanics? Determine differences between normal and abnormal movement Facilitate improvement of performance Assess the effects of remedial or rehabilitative programs Assess the effectiveness and safety of devices and equipment Understand the mechanics of human motion and the body s response to external and internal forces 8

9 Who require biomechanics knowledge? Exercise scientist Physical Educator Sport coach Athletic trainer Physical therapist Prosthetist Orthotist Orthopedic surgeon Equipment designer Rehabilitation specialist 9

10 Biomechanics Analysis Examples Why do elderly people frequently break their hips? How can we prevent so many? Why do female basketball b players have so many ACL injuries? (NOTE: The anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is one of four major knee ligaments.) How does attachment site choice influence post-op outcome in ACL reconstructive surgery? How fast did dinosaurs walk? How do constant-resistance (e.g. Nautilus) exercise machines work? 10

11 Problem Solving Approach In sciences, as well as in everyday life, we usually attempt to provide a solution to a question Quantitative: Involving the use of numbers, measurements and quantities 6 metres, 3seconds, fifty turns Qualitative: Involving non-numerical descriptions of quality and relationships Good, poor, long, heavy PEMP-AML

12 Solving Qualitative Problems Qualitative problems arise in our daily life Qualitative problems are uncertainties that may require resolution I must study hard (quantification??) Problem Solving Determine the specific problem Determine what factors need to be observed Repeat observations as necessary Pay attention to non-visual cues Request performer s self analysis Practise this type of analysis to improve your observational skills 12

13 Qualitative Analysis: Conducting Identify Question/Problem Refine Question Communicate with Performer Analysis Make Decisions End danalysis Collect Observations Interpret Observations Viewing Angle Viewing Distance Performer Attire Environmental Modifications Use of Video Visual Auditory From Performer From Other Analysts 13

14 Solving a Quantitative Formal Problem Read the problem carefully List the given information Write down what quantity is to be solved for Draw a diagram of the problem situation Write down formulas that may be of use Select the appropriate formula to use Review the problem statement to determine if more information can be inferred Substitute the given information into the formula Solve the equation for the unknown variable Do a common sense check of the answer Box in your answer, including the correct units of measurement 14

15 Formal and Informal Problem PEMP-AML2506 A formal problem is one where we can arrive at definite solution. A formal problem is characterized by A set of given information A particular goal, answer, or desired finding A set of operations or processes that can be used to arrive at the answer from the given information In an informal problem-information, processes to be used and even the goal will be unclear or not readily identifiable: e. g., What to wear for a particular social gathering is an informal problem 15

16 Kinematics and Kinetics PEMP-AML2506 Kinematics describes motion Deals with where an object is, how fast it is moving, how consistently it is moving Includes displacement, velocity, acceleration Kinetics studies the causes of motion Deals with why bodies move in a certain way Includes mass, force, inertia, momentum, impulse and energy Need to know the causes of motion before we can modify them to suit a particular mechanical goal or goals 16

Types of Motion PEMP-AML2506 Motion is divided into three types: Linear motion: motion in a straight or curved line Angular or rotary motion: motion around or

17 Types of Motion PEMP-AML2506 Motion is divided into three types: Linear motion: motion in a straight or curved line Angular or rotary motion: motion around or about an axis General motion: motion which combines both linear and angular motion Linear motion: motion in a straight or curved line Rectilinear Curvilinear 17

18 Types of Motion PEMP-AML2506 Angular or rotary motion: motion around or about an axis 18

19 Types of Motion PEMP-AML2506 General motion: motion which combines both linear and angular motion Q: Where do you put the flow of water or blood? 19

20 Review In this session the delegates are taught: Biomechanics and how it fits into the study of human movement are discussed. The question, Who studies biomechanics?, i is addressed. d Two major areas of mechanics are introduced. Three types of motion are analysed. Distinction between qualitative and quantitative biomechanics is made. 20

21 Thank you 21

Biomechanics Specialist

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