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1 Ergonomic risks and manual handling ruhioktem.blogspot.com 1/69

2 Ergonomics; might be defined as environment - human interaction. It is design for human use, and optimization of working and living conditions. 2

3 Purpose of ergonomics: Basic principle : compatibility furniture, hand tools, equipment, job requirements workplace environment... human metrics, expectations Limitations and abilities... Intervene Environment Observe human being 3

4 Description Ergonomics is a science which is researching and applying information about People's behavior, abilities, limitations and related other characteristics (Chapanis) 4

5 Must be convenient to user Must be easy to use Must increase comfort ERGONOMIC DESIGN Must increase performance Must protect health speed Safety Accuracy, presicion, sensibility 5

6 In order to achieve this aim (s), ergonomics must work with many other sciences. It is a multidisciplinary science. Man s Fitting for a job, job s fitting for man 6

7 Ergonomic risk factors 1. frequency 2. time 3. power 4. Posture 7

8 Ergonomic risk factors 5. The place of operation 6. Mechanical pressure 7. Vibration 8. Environmental conditions 8

9 Frequency is important! Usually one motion does not cause harm but when the motions are repeated, repetitive motions result Accumulating Trauma Desiase and (ATD) Repetitive Tension Desiases (RTD) 9

10 LIMITS OF HUMAN MOVEMENTS AND ERGONOMIC EVALUATION For this reason, appropriate lifting techniques are constantly being investigated ergonomically. 10 Schematic view of the disk hernia event that can result because of non suitable load lifting

11 Preventing methods Engineering controls Administrative controls Work appliciation controls 1 1

12 1 2

13 Engineering controls Engineering controls contains; replacement or modification and redesign of Workplace environment, Tools, The facility, The equipment, Material or process. 1 3

14 Administrative controls The methods for significantly reducing the daily exposure of the worker by modifying the process or methods are called administrative controls. Examples: worker rotation, adjustment of working environment, redesign of working methods, break intervals. 1 4

15 Work application controls Control of behaviors that become habit when doing business is in this group. Examples are given below: recognition of adaptation time to new or reassigned workers; training for identifying hazards; and training of work techniques decreasing hazards 1 5

16 Safe handling Test the weight of the load Move by dragging, not lifting Use mechanical equipment such as a wheelbarrow use gloves Don t lift any materials you are not sure you will reliably lift 16

17 Manual Handling 1 7

18 Risks related to load weight, large volume or bulky, hard to hold, unstable / floating material, with sharp edges hot or cold contaminated with chemicals, big-blocked vision. 1 8

19 Manual Handling Expectations from training Lifting without hurting ourselves No damage to the transported goods 1 9

20 Manual Handling 2 0

21 Manual handling 2 1

22 Manual handling 2 2

23 Manual Handling 2 3

24 Manual handling 2 4

25 Manual handling 2 5

26 Manual handling 2 6

27 Manual handling 2 7

28 Manual Handling 2 8

29 Manual handling 2 9

30 Components of Ergonomics Anatomic Anthropometry (Body measures) Biomechanics (Force applications) Phsiologic Work phsiology) Energy consuming Environmental phsiology (Physical environment effects) Psychologic Evaluation of knowledge and deciding Occupational Physcology Training, effort and personel differences 30

31 MAIN SCIENCES COMPOSING ERGONOMICS Anthropometry Physiology, And Biomechanics. Other contributing siences: Physiology, biology Physics psychology Information science Forensic Medicine Statistics Business methods Design Governance Business psychology Sociology Engineering systems 31

32 1Physical Ergonomics Design of physical environment; ; Noise Lighting Vıbration Heating and ventilation Chemically harmful substances Health and safety design; Injury risks and control Manual handling Protective equipments and tools Modelling performance Examination of posture Distance to reach Engineering andropometry Work with visual displayed tools 3 2

33 2. Organizational and managial Ergonomics Employee involvement Technology management and organizational change Work programming Performance modeling Total quality management Socio-technical organization design Project management Management of Change Computer supported management Human element in the kitchen Instructions and standards Participant ergonomics 3 3

34 3. Cognitive ergonomics: In human-machine systems, to ensure more efficient and active operation, It Analyzes User - Action - system interaction. 3 4

35 Perceptual-Cognitive Ergonomics Actual work area indicator is designed It is aimed to minimize the error probability. Controls, control buttons, warning buzzers, signals, joysticks, steering :.. wheel and vehicle-aircraft indicators 35

36 36

37 Anthropometry It deals with the statistical characteristics of human body measurements. Anthropometric data provides important information for furniture, machinery, hand tools and machine design 37

38 Anthropometry AREAS OF USE: Shelf height: Conveyor height: Height of the electric knob: Shoe production: Glove production: Working table / chair production: 38

39 Anthropometry 39

40 IF ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA IS NOT USED: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM INJURIES, FATIGUE PROBLEMS OCCUR... 40

41 In the first years of the Republic, imported Italian tractors are returned because of their clutches are not working properly... Why? Debriyaj 4 1

42 Bussiness Phsiology : Business Physiology: What will be the response of the musculoskeletal system, the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system to your job requirements? It deals with this question.. 42

43 Biomechanics: What are the characteristics of human tissues and the response of the tissues to mechanical stresses? It deals with this question. Helmets, gloves, masks, etc. for protecting personnel working at machine from possible damages. PPE production can be achieved with biomechanical support. It prevents Chronic or Cumulative Disorders from happening. 43

44 The results of poor ergonomic design Inconsistency chronic pain Accident injury Fatique Increase at accident/incident probability Trauma occupational musculoskeletal disorders 44

45 Fatigue and rest Fatigue is used for identification of many conditions : 1. Decrease in attention 2. Slowing and declining of detection 3. Decrease in motivation 4. Decrease in speed of physical and mental performance 5. Greater energy expenditure to achieve the same output 6. Bluntness, tiredness and sense of irritability. 7. Fatigue in everyday life is due to the accumulation of different sources 45

46 Man machine relation 46

47 Ergonomics is an art of decreasing stress." Ergonomical improvement BEFORE AFTER 47

48 One purpose of ergonomics is preventing accidents and maintaining comfort 48

49 Items of ergonomic program (Program Evaluation and Review) 49

50 Personal characteristics: Human measures Age Education Gender Pregnancy Left-handedness Psychological status Using alcohol Smoking 50

51 Work area (surface) design should ensure the employee balanced body position. Standing or sitting the spine should be in the same position. Should provide working environment which supplies and keeps comfortable work atmosphere 51

52 Risky sitting positions To sit too high on the chair (waist and neck hurt), Head bowing forward (neck incline) Sitting without lumbar support (lumbar pain) Working with arms up (shoulder injury) Working in a bended wrist position (wrist, shoulder pain) Working without forearm support (waist-shoulder pain)

53 Worksafe BC Ergo for truckdrivers 53

54 Ideal line of sight Looking at working surface angle must change between degree. 54

55 It does not seem ergonomic??? 5 5

56 ERGONOMICS Ergonomic Analysis of Working Positions HAND OR SHOULDERS ABOVE SHOULDER LEVEL More than 2 hours a day 56

57 ERGONOMICS Ergonomic Analysis of Working Positions NECK TILTED 30 MORE More than 2 hours a day 57

58 ERGONOMICS Ergonomic Analysis of Working Positions WAIST 30 OVERBENDED More than 2 hours a day 58

59 ERGONOMICS Ergonomic Analysis of Working Positions SQUATTING More than 2 hours a day 59

60 ERGONOMICS Ergonomic Analysis of Working Positions KNEELıNG More than 2 hours a day 60

61 ERGONOMICS Arranging Work conditions Environmental perspective Noise, lightening, air conditioning, vibration... Must be suitable for work 61

62 ERGONOMICS Coloring Correct coloring corrects perception. It helps in discrimination and differentiation. Prevents stress, removes pessimism. It is a performance enhancer. By destroying monotony, it increases ability, reduces fatigue. Affects emotions positively. Increases safety. It has preventive effect on accidents. Creates regularity. It is an important regulatory factor in storage, on-board, in-plant transportation. The energy-boosting color and light help the resting posture during the rest. Increase inspiration. 62

63 ERGONOMİ The effects of colors to human soul color Distance effect Heat effect Psycologic effect blue far cold sedative green far Very cold-neutr Too sedative red near warm Too sedative purple Too near Too warm stimulant yelllow near Too warm stimulant brown Near -boring Neutr stimulant violet Too near cold Aggressive Disturbing and discouraging 63

64 . For pouting 72 muscle, For smiling, only 14 muscles work Please smile 6 4

65 is the art of protecting the nce pite the burden you carry

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