Common Course Outline RADT 111 Radiography I 6 credits. The Community College of Baltimore County

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1 Description Common Course Outline RADT 111 Radiography I 6 credits The Community College of Baltimore County RADT 111 Radiography I 6 credits continues the Radiography sequence with the second course; consists of both classroom and clinical sessions; covers physical positioning of the patient and equipment to produce routine radiographs of the chest, abdomen, and upper extremity; patient care as it relates to radiology procedures; and principles of digital radiographic processing. Credit hours: 4.5 lecture hours, 16 clinical hours, and 2 laboratory hours per week; 15 weeks. (Offered Fall semester) Prerequisite: RADT 101 Overall Course Objectives Upon successful completion of Module 1. Methods of Patient Care, students will be able to: 1. discuss the responsibilities of the radiographer in providing patient care; 2. identify methods of communication and discuss how each can be utilized in patient education; 3. identify barriers to patient communication and discuss how each can be overcome to provide patient education; 4. describe immobilization techniques for radiographic procedures and patient conditions; 5. discuss the administration of parenteral fluids in terms of methods, description/purpose and considerations; 6. explain each vital sign and discuss its significance in the assessment of patient condition; 7. explain the physiological principles related to temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure, and identify normal values for their clinical measurement; 8. discuss the use and maintenance of equipment used for measuring vital signs; 9. given a simulated patient, measure and record each of the vital signs and record them; 10. define and discuss: asepsis, antiseptic/disinfectant, sterile/clean, sterile area/contaminated area; 11. describe the commonly used methods of sterilization; 12. discuss the maintenance of a sterile field; 13. describe the concept and application of Standard Precautions; 14. describe sources and modes for transmission of infections and diseases; 15. identify signs and symptoms of: cardiac arrest, anaphylactic shock, seizures, hemorrhage, apnea, vomiting, aspiration, suspected fractures, diabetic coma and insulin shock; 16. describe the emergency medical code system in a hospital and discuss the role of the student in this procedure; 17. identify and discuss the use of medical emergency equipment and supplies; 18. define the categories of contrast media and identify specific contrast media for each radiologic/imaging procedure; and

2 19. describe methods and techniques for the administration of various types of media. Upon successful completion of Module 2. Digital Image Processing, students will be able to: 1. define terminology associated with digital imaging systems; 2. describe the various types of digital receptors; 3. describe the response of digital detectors to exposure variations; 4. compare the advantages and limits of each receptor type; 5. evaluate the spatial resolution and dose effectiveness for digital radiography detectors; 6. describe the histogram and the process or histogram analysis as it relates to automatic rescaling and determining an exposure indicator; 7. relate the receptor exposure indicator values to technical factors, system calibration, part/beam/plate alignment and patient exposure; 8. describe the response of PSP systems to background and scatter radiation; 9. use appropriate means of scatter control; 10. avoid grid use errors associated with grid cutoff and Moire effect; 11. identify common limitations and technical problems encountered when using PSP systems; 12. employ appropriate beam/part/receptor alignment to avoid histogram analysis errors; 13. associate impact of image processing parameters to the image appearance; 14. apply the fundamental principles to digital detectors; 15. evaluate the effect of a given exposure change on histogram shape, data width and image appearance; 16. describe the conditions that cause quantum mottle in a digital image; 17. formulate a procedure or process to minimize histogram analysis and rescaling errors; 18. examine the potential impact of digital radiographic systems on patient exposure and methods of practicing the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) concept with digital systems; 19. describe picture archival and communications system (PACS) and its function;\ 20. identify components of a PACS; 21. define digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM); 22. describe HIPAA concerns with electronic information; and 23. identify common problems associated with retrieving/viewing images within a PACS. Upon successful completion of Module 3, Positioning of the Chest & Abdomen, students will be able to: 1. describe the anatomy of the chest and abdomen that can be demonstrated on radiographs; 2. identify chest and abdomen anatomy on diagrams and radiographs; 3. identify routine radiographic projections/views of the chest and abdomen; 4. describe the patient preparation/instructions, patient position, part placement, IR selection/placement, beam alignment/angulation, collimation/shielding, and any special considerations for the following radiographic examinations: a. PA & lateral ambulatory chest b. PA and lateral chest, wc w IV s, O2, etc c. AP stretcher chest d. lateral decubitus chest e. oblique chest f. lordotic chest g. soft tissue neck for airway h. AP (flat) abdomen & KUB i. AP flat and erect abdomen j. lateral decubitus abdomen k. lateral abdomen l. oblique abdomen m. dorsal decubitus abdomen n. special views

3 Upon successful completion of Module 4, Positioning of the Upper Extremity, students will be able to: 1. describe the anatomy of the upper extremity and shoulder that can be demonstrated on radiographs; 2. identify upper extremity and shoulder anatomy on diagrams and radiographs; 3. identify routine radiographic projections/views of the upper extremity and shoulder; 4. describe the patient preparation/instructions, patient position, part placement, IR selection/placement, beam alignment/angulation, collimation/shielding, and any special considerations for the following radiographic examinations: a. finger b. thumb c. hand, fx/fb d. wrist e. forearm f. elbow w part flex g. humerus h. shoulder, fx/dis i. clavicle j. AC jts k. scapula l. special views Upon completion of the Clinical Education module the student will be able to: 1. complete demonstrations/practice sessions for category I (chest and abdomen) and category II (upper extremities); 2. complete laboratory simulations for category I (chest and abdomen) and category II (upper extremity); 3. complete chapter 3 (Chest), chapter 4 (Abdomen), chapter 5 (Upper Limb), and chapter 6 (Proximal Humerus and Shoulder Girdle) of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy workbook and MRO. Check the self-tests with the key and submit to the program office/instructor on the day of the appropriate test; 4. complete area specific performance objectives for assigned clinical rotations; 5. Demonstrate appropriate professional behavior while on clinical duty. Major Topics I. Methods of Patient Care A. Responsibilities of radiographer B. Methods of communication C. Barriers to patient communication D. Immobilization techniques E. Administration of parental fluids F. Patient Assessment 1. Vital Signs a. temperature b. pulse c. respiration d. blood pressure 2. Visualization G. Aseptic Technique 1. antiseptic vs. disinfectant

4 2. sterile vs. clean 3. sterile area vs. contaminated area H. Standard Precautions I. Transmission of diseases J. Medical emergencies 1. cardiac arrest 2. anaphylactic shock 3. seizures 4. hemorrhage 5. apnea 6. vomiting 7. aspiration 8. suspected fractures 9. diabetic coma 10. insulin shock K. Emergency Medical Code System L. Emergency Equipment and supplies M. Contrast Media A. Types B. Administration C. Reactions II. III. Digital Image Processing A. Digital Image Characteristics B. Digital Receptors C. Comparison of Detector Properties and Evaluative Criteria D. Dynamic Range and Latitude E. Raw Data Acquisition F. Image Formation G. Exposure Indicators H. Histogram Analysis Error I. Low Intensity Radiation Response PSP only J. Scatter Control K. Optimal Receptor Exposure L. Exposure Myths and Misconceptions M. Control Patient Exposure N. Monitor Patient Exposure O. Exposure Indicator Range P. Contrast and Recorded Detail Q. Artifacts R. Technologist Responsibilities S. Service Engineer or Physicist Responsibilities T. Display Monitor U. Laser Film V. Data Management Positioning of the Chest and Abdomen A. Anatomy B. Radiographic projection/views

5 C. Patient positioning D. Radiographic examinations IV. Positioning of the Upper Extremities A. Anatomy B. Radiographic projection/views C. Patient positioning D. Radiographic examinations Course Requirements Grading/exams I. Attendance, Dress Code, & Ethics 5 points -0.5 point for each absence or late, -1.0 point for a "NO CALL" Absence from three (3) or more classes or three absences from clinical will lower the course grade one letter unless accompanied by written documentation from a physician Students must be appropriately attired to be permitted in the clinical areas. II. Clinical Evaluations 10 points Evaluations are completed weekly by supervising clinical staff. III. Clinical Performance Objectives 10 points IV. Laboratory Evaluations (Simulations) 10 points IV. Quizzes* 10 points V. Written Tests* (completed at the end of each module) 25 points VI. Comprehensive Final exam 30 points 100 points * Points may be deducted for quizzes and/or tests that are missed and made up at a later date. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) has established a minimum scaled passing score of 75. The radiography program has developed standards of grading that are consistent with grading systems of other programs. Letter grades will be distributed according to the following standards: A B C D below 65 F

6 Other Course Information As the second radiography specific course, RADT 111 continues to orient radiography students to the practice of radiography in a hospital and/or private office environment. Students are encouraged to take an active role in their education by asking questions and participating in activities in both the classroom and the clinical settings. Date Revised: 08/21/12