Current Clinical Psychiatry

Transcription

1 Current Clinical Psychiatry Series Editor Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, MD For further volumes:

2

3 Roma A. Vasa Amy Krain Roy Editors Pediatric Anxiety Disorders A Clinical Guide

4 Editors Roma A. Vasa Director of Education and Training Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore, MD, USA Amy Krain Roy Fordham University Bronx, NY, USA ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Preface Over the past decade, signi fi cant advances in research methodology have stimulated dramatic progress in the fi eld of child psychiatry in general and pediatric anxiety disorders, more speci fi cally. Advances in neuroimaging, developmental and affective neuroscience, and genetics have provided a solid foundation for the development of novel etiological models that are now being tested. Further, the publication of several rigorous multisite trials of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions has substantially improved our knowledge of the most effective methods to treat pediatric anxiety disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is currently under its sixth revision, with changes driven by these empirical fi ndings, including the integration of dimensional assessment approaches, which has not been done before. Thus, this volume, Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: A Clinical Guide, is being published at an exciting time in the fi eld of psychiatry. The aim of this text is to bridge the most up-to-date research fi ndings with relevant clinical perspectives making it a unique and essential resource to established clinicians and researchers, as well as students and trainees. This book is organized into four sections, each of which includes chapters on a speci fi c area of interest. The fi rst section reviews the current research regarding etiological mechanisms of pediatric anxiety. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the animal literature showing cross-species homology in the neural mechanisms underlying fear processing, which has been essential to delineating the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and, more recently, has provided the foundation for novel treatment approaches. The next chapter illustrates how advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed translation of basic animal fear models to humans, including children and adolescents, with anxiety disorders. The fi nal chapter of this section focuses on temperamental risk factors for pediatric anxiety disorders, an area that has grown signi fi cantly in recent years due to unique longitudinal work. The second section provides in-depth descriptions of the anxiety disorders that affect children and adolescents. Each chapter includes descriptions of any proposed changes for DSM5, as well as the most current research fi ndings regarding etiology, assessment, and treatment. Clinical case scenarios provide real-world examples of presenting concerns and putative responses to treatment. The third section summarizes the literature on empirically supported assessment tools and evidence-based cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological interventions for pediatric anxiety disorders. The authors of these chapters have included comprehensive summary tables that can serve as quick reference tools. The fi nal section of the text is dedicated to understanding how anxiety manifests in two special populations, children with chronic medical illnesses and those with autism spectrum disorders. The authors of these chapters explore how anxiety is conceptualized in the context of these primary disorders and discuss special considerations for assessment and treatment. v

6 vi Preface The editors are fortunate to have leading authorities in pediatric anxiety from the fi elds of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive-behavioral practice, and pharmacology to author the chapters of this book. We are grateful to them for all of their time and efforts. We also wish to thank Fawad Viqar, Rachel Chizkov, Rachael Tillman, and Laura Carroll for their assistance with the editing process. Finally, we wish to thank our editor, Barbara Lopez-Lucio, at Springer for her dedicated guidance and editorial expertise. Baltimore, MD, USA Bronx, NY, USA Roma A. Vasa Amy Krain Roy

7 Contents Part I Neurobiology and Temperament Fear Models in Animals and Humans... 3 Catherine A. Hartley and Elizabeth A. Phelps Neurobiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders Amanda E. Guyer, Carrie L. Masten, and Daniel S. Pine Temperamental Risk Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders Kristin A. Buss and Elizabeth J. Kiel Part II Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents Golda S. Ginsburg and Nicholas W. Affrunti Pediatric Social Phobia Vasco M. Lopes and Anne Marie Albano Specific Phobias Thomas H. Ollendick, Maria J.W. Cowart, and Ella L. Milliner Separation Anxiety Disorder Aleta G. Angelosante, Magdalena A. Ostrowski, and Rachel R. Chizkov Panic Disorder Aleta G. Angelosante and Magdalena A. Ostrowski Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents Adam B. Lewin, Jennifer M. Park, and Eric A. Storch Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Damion J. Grasso and Joan Kaufman Selective Mutism Courtney P. Keeton vii

8 viii Contents Part III Assessment and Treatment Assessment of Anxiety Disorders: Categorical and Dimensional Perspectives Yasmin Rey, Carla E. Marin, and Wendy K. Silverman Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders Kendra L. Read, Connor M. Puleo, Chiaying Wei, Colleen M. Cummings, and Philip C. Kendall Psychopharmacology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders Justin W. Mohatt, Alex Eve Keller, and John T. Walkup Part IV Special Topics Anxiety in Children with Chronic Medical Illness Patrick M. Kelly and Emily J. Frosch Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Heather Jennett, Roma A. Vasa, and Louis Hagopian Index

9 Contributors Nicholas W. Affrunti Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA Anne Marie Albano Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Clinic for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Aleta G. Angelosante NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Kristin A. Buss Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Rachel R. Chizkov Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Maria J.W. Cowart Virginia Tech, Child Study Center, Blacksburg, VA, USA Colleen M. Cummings Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Emily J. Frosch Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Golda S. Ginsburg Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Damion J. Grasso University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA Amanda E. Guyer Department of Human Ecology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA Louis Hagopian Neurobehavioral Unit, Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA Catherine A. Hartley Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA Heather Jennett Director of Clinical Services, Little Leaves Behavioral Services, Washington, DC, USA Joan Kaufman Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Courtney P. Keeton Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA ix

10 x Contributors Alex Eve Keller Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Patrick M. Kelly Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA Philip C. Kendall Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Elizabeth J. Kiel Psychology Department, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA Adam B. Lewin Neuropsychiatry University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA Vasco M. Lopes Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA Carla E. Marin Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Carrie L. Masten Department of Psychology and Human Development, Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA Ella L. Milliner Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia Justin W. Mohatt Child Division, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Thomas H. Ollendick Virginia Tech, Child Study Center, Blacksburg, VA, USA Magdalena A. Ostrowski Kean University, North Avenue, Hillside, NJ, USA Jennifer M. Park Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Elizabeth A. Phelps Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Departments of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA Daniel S. Pine Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Connor M. Puleo Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kendra L. Read Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Yasmin Rey Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Wendy K. Silverman Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA Eric A. Storch University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA Roma A. Vasa Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Education and Training, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA John T. Walkup Child Division, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Chiaying Wei Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA