THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT

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1 THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL, KUWAIT SERIES : II MID TERM /FN/ CODE : M 037 TIME ALLOWED : 2 HOURS NAME OF STUDENT : MAX. MARKS : 50 ROLL NO. :.. CLASS/SEC :.. NO. OF PAGES : 2 PSYCHOLOGY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: i. All questions are compulsory ii. Marks for each question are indicated against it iii. Part A has 10 questions carrying 1 mark each.you are required to answer them in not more than a sentence iv. Part B has 3 questions carrying 2 marks each answer to each should not exceed 30 words v. Part C has 2 questions carrying 3 marks each answer to each should not exceed 60 words vi. Part D has 4 questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each should not exceed 100 words vii. Part E has 2 questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each should not exceed 200 words PART A 10x1 = What does Piaget called the period of infancy? 2. Define visual adaptation. 3. What is the other name for Pavlovian conditioning? 4. The present finding is that contribute jointly to the determination of behaviour. a) motivation and emotion. b) intelligence and emotion c)society and environment. d) Heredity and environment 5. is the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. a) Gestalt. b) Figure ground c) Closure. d ) Grouping 6. Write the full form of UNDCP. 7. are clues for depth perception that come from the image obtained with one eye only is the image. 8. What is learning? 9. Name the components of adolescents egocentrism. 10. Who invented Operant conditioning?

2 PART B 3x2 = Define perception? 12. Distinguish between Positive and Negative after images. 13 What are the motor skills that occur during the early childhood? 14. Explain After image. PART - C 2x3 = What do you mean by Transfer of Learning discuss the types? PART- D 4x4 = Explain Motivation and Preparedness for learning as factors facilitating Learning. 17. Distinguish between extinction and spontaneous recovery. 18. Explain the working of eyes. 19. Discuss the process of Identity Formation during Adolescence. 20. Explain classical conditioning. PART- E 2x6 = 12 Or Explain general determinants of learning. 21. Explain the theories of selective Attention. Or Explain factors influence perception.

3 THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL KUWAIT Maximum marks: 50 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: Time allowed: 2 Hours SECOND MID TERM EXAMINATION _2018 PSYCHOLOGY-ANSWERKEY CLASS XI i. All questions are compulsory ii. Marks for each question are indicated against it iii. Part A has 10 questions carrying 1 mark each.you are required to answer them in not more than a sentence iv. Part B has 3 questions carrying 2 marks each answer to each should not exceed 30 words v. Part C has 2 questions carrying 3 marks each answer to each should not exceed 60 vi. words Part D has 4 questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each should not exceed 100 words vii. Part E has 2 questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each should not exceed 200 words 1. Sensorimotorstage 2. Getting adjusted to different intensities of light. 3. Classical conditioning. 4. d) Heredity and environment. 5. d ) Grouping. PART A 10x1 = 10 6.United Nations International Drug Control Programme. 7. Monocular Depth Cues. 8. Any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience. 9. Imaginary audience,personal fable. 10. B.F.Skinner.

4 PART B 3x2 = Recognize,interperet-give meaning to the information provided by sense organs. 12. Positive after image resembles the original stimulus in terms of hue,saturation and brightness. Negative after image appears in complementary colours,appears when a person stares at the patch of particular colour for atleast 30min. 13 Use of arms and legs,moving around,finger dexterity and eye-hand coordination,preference for left or right hand develops. PART C 2x3 = Related to visual sensation Positive and negative Positive after image resembles the original stimulus in terms of hue,saturation and brightness. Negative after image appears in complementary colours,appears when a person stares at the patch of particular colour for atleast 30min 15. The influence of earlier learning on later learning. POSITIVE TRANSFER-training the earlier learning facilitates the current learning_occurs due to similarity of content similar technique and similar principles. NEGATIVE TRANSFER-new learning is retarded or made more tedious than the prior learning_known as habit interferences. ZERO TRANSFE-known as neutral transfer-neither facilitates nor inhibits learning in a subsequent tasks. PART-D 4x4 = Motivation is a mental as well as a physiological state,which arouses an orgasm to act for fulfilling the current need. Energises Prerequisite for learning Preparedness mechanisms for establishing association Implies that one can learn only those association which one is genetically prepared. Not prepared can learn but only with great difficulty and persistence.

5 17. EXTINCTION occurs when the CSpresented with US for a number of trails-magnitude or strength of the CR gradually decreases. If paring of CS and CR is not followed by US the learned behaviour will gradually become weak and disappear. Motivation is not periodically provided the established responses seemsto be extinguished. SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY the experimentally extinguished responses reappears again after a period time lapsed of learned response. Amount 0f Spontaneous recovery depends on the duration of the The longer the duration of time lapsed,the greater is the /recovery 18. Working of the Eye The eye,working much like camera,is the primary sense organ for seeing. Light enters the eye through cornea (with the iris regulating the size of the pupil)and the lens into reina Rods and cones convert light waves into neural impulses for transportation to the brain The 125 million rods,located throughout the retina except for the fovea,active in peripheral vision and vision in dim light,but they do not play a role in colour vision. Passing through conjunctiva, cornea, and pupil, the light enters the lens, which focuses it on to the retina. Retina is divided into two parts: the nasal half and the temporal half. The inner half portion of the eye (towards the nose), taking the center of fovea as mid-point, is called the nasal half. The outer half portion of the eye (towards the temple) from the center of fovea is called the temporal half. Light from the right visual field stimulates the left half of each eye (i.e. the nasal half of the right eye and the temporal half of the left eye), and light from the left visual field stimulates the right half of each eye (i.e. the nasal half of the left eye and the temporal half of the right eye). An inverted image of the object is formed on the retina. The neural impulse is transmitted to the visual cortex through the optic nerve where the image is re-inverted and processed. the optic nerve leaves the retina from the area that has no photoreceptors. In this area visual sensitivity is completely absent. Therefore, it is called the blind spot. 19. detachment process enables the individuals to develop a personalised set of beliefs. Could experience conflict with parents. Adolescents who are not able to cope with identity crisis are confused Factors for Formation of identity during adolescence;- societal values,family and economic status. Increased interactions with peers. Vocational commitment. Delinquency-refers to a variety of behaviours,ranging from socially unacceptable behaviours Imitating role models

6 PART- E 2x6 = is a type of learning in which organism learns to associate stimuli. Devolped by Ivan pavlov The originally neutral conditioned stimulus(cs)through repeated pairing Classical expirement of pavlov-respondent conditioning or pavlovian conditioning. Trained dog by sounding bell afterwards,presented food,tested the effect by measuring the amount of saliva that flowed when he rang the bell even when did not present the food. This is what learned is conditioned response. OR Continuous vs partial Reinforcement:-continuous-reinforcement after each target response.partialresponses that are not reinforced.extinction of a response is more difficult following partial reinforcement than following continuous reinforcement. Motivation_;-_is a mental as well as a physiological state,which arouses an orgasm to act for fulfilling the current need. Energises Prerequisite for learning Preparedness;- mechanisms for establishing association Implies that one can learn only those association which one is genetically prepared. Not prepared can learn but only with great difficulty and persistence. Learning styles;-a learner's consistent way of responding to and using stimuli.learner begins to concentrate,processes and retains new and complex information.of mainly derived perceptual modality,information processing and personality patterns. 21. Theories of Selective Attention A number of theories have been developed to explain the process of selective attention Filter theory was developed by Broadbent (1956). According to this theory, many stimuli simultaneously enter our receptors creating a kind of bottleneck situation. Moving through the shortterm memory system, they enter the selective filter, which allows only one stimulus to pass through for higher levels of processing. Other stimuli are screened out at that moment of time. Thus, we become aware of only that stimulus, which gets access through the selective filter. Filter-attenuation theory was developed by Triesman (1962) by modifying Broadbent s theory. This theory proposes that the stimuli not getting access to the selective filter at a given moment of time are not completely blocked. The filter only attenuates (weakens) their strength. Thus some stimuli manage to escape through the selective filter to reach higher levels of processing. It is indicated that personally relevant stimuli (e.g., one s name in a collective dinner) can be noticed even at a very low level of sound. Such stimuli, even though fairly weak, may also generate response occasionally by slipping through the selective filter. Multimode theory was developed by Johnston and Heinz (1978). This theory believes that attention is a flexible system that allows selection of a stimulus over others at three stages. At stage one the sensory representations (e.g., visual images) of stimuli are constructed; at stage two the semantic representations (e.g., names of objects) are constructed; at stage three the sensory and semantic representations enter the consciousness. It is also suggested that more processing requires more mental effort When the messages are selected on the basis of stage one processing (early selection), less mental effort is required than when the selection is based on stage three processing (late selection).

7 Or SOCIO-CULTURAL INFLUENCES Several psychologists have studied the processes of perception in different sociocultural settings people living in different parts of the world look different, many psychologists hold the view that their ways of perceiving the world must be different in some respects. In some studies people living in different cultural settings have been given pictures for identification of objects and interpretation of depth or other events represented in them. MOTIVATION perceives objects in a picture as thet will satisfy their needs. EXPECTATIONS Perceptual familiarization or perceptual generalization reflects a strong tendency to see what we expect to see. COGNITIVE STYLES Consistent way of dealing with our environment._field dependent and field independent.