PARAPHRASE YOUR WAY TO THE TOP

Transcription

1 PARAPHRASE YOUR WAY TO THE TOP

2 WEBINAR GOALS During this webinar you will learn how to 01 UNDERSTAND WHAT PARAPHRASING IS 02 USE PARAPHRASE IN YOUR ASSIGNMENTS 03 REFERENCE PARAPHRASED MATERIAL 04 DEVELOP AN OVERALL APPROACH TO PARAPHRASING

3 WHAT IS IT? PARAPHRASING CAN BE DEFINED AS o Using your own words when referring to someone else s ideas o A re-telling of information and ideas that have been expressed by someone else, whilst keeping the underlying meaning the same o A mental process used to summarise the original information that helps you and the reader to grasp its full meaning Paraphrasing is a written skill as well as a spoken skill (as used when counselling a client). Remember that it takes some time to develop the skill of using paraphrasing in your assignments

4 WHY DO WE NEED TO USE IT? o When we paraphrase we show the reader (our teacher) that we have understood the information well enough to be able to explain it in our own words. o Copying information directly from a source does not mean that we understand the content. o Assignments rules at the Australian College of Applied Psychology require that we should take great care to limit how much of the author s original information we use in our assignments (a maximum of 10% of our total word count).

5 DO WE NEED TO REFERENCE IT? YES o There are a number of ways to include an in-text reference for a paraphrase You will need to include the author/s and date at the end of a sentence: (Geldard & Geldard, 2012). -- OR -- at the start of a sentence: Geldard and Geldard (2012) o There is no need to use quotation marks (. ) when using a paraphrase in assignments

6 PARAPHRASING: AN OVERALL APPROACH o STEP ONE -- Read the original text and make notes of the key points. o STEP TWO -- Put the text away and write down the information in your own words, using your notes as a guide. o STEP THREE -- Compare your paraphrase with the original text. You should have covered the main ideas, but not explained them in the same words. o STEP FOUR -- Add in the reference.

7 PRACTICE PARAPHRASING HOW WOULD YOU PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING? For most people, it is not easy to make an appointment and then go to see a counsellor. Although attitudes are starting to change, many people still hold the view that it is a sign of weakness if people need outside help in order to be able to cope with their problems (Geldard & Geldard, 2012, p.8).

8 EXAMPLE HERE S ONE POSSIBLE WAY TO PARAPHRASE THE TEXT Arranging an appointment with a counsellor is difficult for many people. While views are changing, it is commonly thought that people should be able to cope with their issues without help, and that going to counselling shows a lack of strength to deal with problems (Geldard & Geldard, 2012). Source: Geldard, D. & Geldard, K. (2012). Basic personal counselling: A training manual for counsellors. Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Education.

9 PARAPHRASING EXAMPLE ORIGINAL INFORMATION For most people, it is not easy to make an appointment and then go to see a counsellor. Although attitudes are starting to change, many people still hold the view that it is a sign of weakness if people need outside help in order to be able to cope with their problems (Geldard & Geldard, 2012, p. 8). PARAPHRASE Arranging an appointment with a counsellor is difficult for many people. While views are changing, it is commonly thought that people should be able to cope with their issues without help, and that going to counselling shows a lack of strength to deal with problems (Geldard & Geldard, 2012).

10 A DETAILED APPROACH WE CAN USE A COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES WHEN PARAPHRASING Technique 1 -- Change the order of information in a sentence Technique 2 -- Replace a selected word or words Technique 3 -- Leave out words or phrases without changing the meaning Technique 4 -- Replace words with phrases

11 TECHNIQUE ONE CHANGE THE ORDER OF INFORMATION Quote Dispositional optimism is a global expectation that more good things than bad will happen in the future (Carr, 2011, p. 89). Paraphrase The expectation that, overall, more good things than bad will happen in the future is called dispositional optimism (Carr, 2011). Source: Carr, A. (2011). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths (2 nd ed.). Hove, England: Routledge.

12 TECHNIQUE TWO REPLACING SELECTED WORDS You can replace a word with either a synonym or an antonym. A synonym is a word that is different to the original word, but has the same meaning. An antonym is a word with the opposite meaning to the original word. With an antonym you need to make it a negative to make it the same meaning as the original. For example, change happy to not sad

13 EXAMPLE Replace words with synonyms The expectation that more good things than bad will happen in the future is called dispositional optimism (Carr, 2011). Anticipating that a greater number of positive things than negative will occur in the future is known as dispositional optimism (Carr, 2011). Replace words with antonyms Counselling relationships can often be successful even when they are short. Counselling relationships do not have to be long to be successful.

14 TECHNIQUE THREE LEAVING OUT WORDS AND/OR PHRASES Quote Dispositional optimism is a global expectation that more good things than bad will happen in the future (Carr, 2011, p. 89). Paraphrase Anticipating that a greater number of positive things than negative will occur in the future is known as dispositional optimism (Carr, 2011). Source: Carr, A. (2011). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths (2 nd ed.). Hove, England: Routledge.

15 TECHNIQUE FOUR REPLACING WORDS WITH PHRASES Some words/terms may be replaced with phrases, which can often help simplify the sentence. Quote Up until the end of the 1970s optimism was considered to be a psychological deficit (Carr, 2011, p. 83). Paraphrase Optimism was viewed as a personal mental weakness up until the late 1970s (Carr, 2011). Source: Carr, A. (2011). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and human strengths (2 nd ed.). Hove, England: Routledge.

16 RESOURCES MORE INFORMATION ON READING STRATEGIES o Explanation of detail approach to paraphrasing: o Microsoft word thesaurus tool (how-to video): o Online thesauri (including visual thesauri) tools: o and (free)

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19 HOW DID WE DO? PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION We hope that you gained some useful knowledge from this webinar today that you can apply effectively in your future academic studies. Tomorrow you will be sent an with the survey link, and links to these slides and other relevant materials. We would love to get your feedback on this webinar to help us improve. Please click on the link below to do our quick survey now (or do it tomorrow) Survey link Thank You!

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