Theories of Personality Freud: Psychoanalysis
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1 Theories of Personality Freud: Psychoanalysis Chapter 2 Feist, J., & Feist, R. J., & Roberts, T. A. (2013). Theories of personality (8th ed.). NY:McGraw-Hill.
2 Outline Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory Biography of Freud Levels of Mental Life Provinces of Mind Dynamics of Personality Defense Mechanisms
3 Outline Stages of Development Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory Related Research Critique of Freud Concept of Humanity
4 Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory What Made This Theory Interesting Cornerstones: Sex and aggression Spread by a dedicated group Brilliant language (Goethe Prize in Literature)
5 Biography of Freud Born in Freiberg Moravia (now the Czech Republic) in 1856 Spent most of life (80 years) in Vienna Austria Was the eldest son of eight Studied Medicine, specializing in psychiatry Studied hysteria with Charcot & Breuer
6 Biography (cont d) Studies on Hysteria (1895) Abandoned seduction theory in 1897 and replaced it with Oedipus Complex In 1900 wrote Interpretation of Dreams After 1900 developed international circle of followers (Adler, Jung, and others) Was driven out of Austria by Nazis in 1938 Died in London in 1939
7 Level of Mental Life Unconscious Beyond awareness Includes drives, urges, or instincts Is known only indirectly Two sources of unconscious processes Repression Phylogenetic Endowment Preconscious Not in conscious awareness, but can be Conscious Mental life that is directly available, plays a minor role
8 The Id Pleasure Principle No contact with reality unrealistic Primary Process Id operates through primary process
9 The Ego The Reality Principle Realistic Contacts with reality and outer world Comprimization between Id and Superego Secondary Process
10 The Superego The Idealistic Principle Conscience Results from experiences with punishment Tells us what we should not do Ego-Ideal Results from experiences with reward Tells us what we should do Superego controls sexual and aggressive drives through repression Cannot respress drives but order the ego to do so
11 Dynamics of Personality Drives Libido or Sex Drive (Eros) Aggression/Destructive Drive (Thanatos)
12 Dynamics of Personality Neurotic Anxiety Apprehension about an unknown danger For instance, anxiety in the presence of authority figures Related to childhood experiences
13 Dynamics of Personality Moral Anxiety Stems from conflict between the ego and the superego Internalization of parental authority and punitive parental behaviors in childhood
14 Dynamics of Personality Realistic Anxiety Related to fear but it does not involve a specific fearful object For instance, driving in unfamiliar city In general, anxiety serves as an ego-preserving (signals danger) and self-regulating (precipitates repression)
15 Defense Mechanisms Repression (Bastırma) Reaction Formation (Karşıt tepki oluşturma) Displacement (Yer değiştirme) Fixation (Saplanma) Regression (Gerileme) Projection (Yansıtma) Introjection (İçleştirme) Sublimation (Yüceltme
16
17 Psychosexual Stages
18 Stages of Development Infantile Period (Birth-5) Oral Phase Anal Phase Phallic Phase Male Oedipus Complex Castration Complex Female Oedipus Complex (Electra) Penis Envy Latency Period (5-puberty) Genital Period (puberty-adulthood) Maturity
19 Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory Free Association Transference Resistance Dream Analysis Manifest and latent content Unconscious Slips (Parapraxes)
20
21 Related Research Unconscious Mental Processing Automatic, implicit, nonconscious processing Inhibition and the Ego Limbic system Defense Mechanisms Neuropsychological underpinnings of repression Research on Dreams Activation-synthesis theory
22 Critique of Freud Did Freud Understand Women? Was Freud a Scientist? Theories are difficult to test Generated considerable research Difficult to falsify Very loose organizational framework Not a good guide to solve practical problems Internally consistent theory
23 Freud s Concept of Humanity Deterministic and Pessimistic Causality over Teleology Unconscious over Conscious Biology over Culture Equal emphasis on Uniqueness and Similarity
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