Identify the relationship among psychological stress, coping and physical illness Approaches to help with stress

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2 Identify the relationship among psychological stress, coping and physical illness Approaches to help with stress

3 What is stress? o nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it What is a stressor? o trigger that causes the stressful reaction

4 1. Distress a. Unpleasant, threatening stress 2. Eustress a. Pleasant, desirable stress b. Short lived and seen as a challenge,motivating

5 1. Life Changes a. change that requires adjustment in behavior/lifestyle 2. Chronic Stressors a. Ongoing stress where your body cannot relax 3. Job Stressors a. work stress: includes burnout, unemployment and role conflict i. burnout: mental and physical exhaustion ii. role conflict: forced choice between two or more different and conflicting role demands 4. Hassles a. little problems from day to day that can grow into a bigger issue

6 5. Frustration a. uncomfortable tension/anxiety due to a blocked goal 6. Conflict a. forced choice between two incompatible goals i. approach-approach: two options with equally good characteristics ii. avoidance-avoidance: two options with equally bad characteristics iii. approach-avoidance: one option that has desirable and undesirable characteristics 7. Cataclysmic Events a. occurrences that happen suddenly and affect many people

7 Autonomic, Sympathetic nervous system kicks in when stress hits o General Adaptation System (GAS) (Diagram 3.1 Page 90) General physiological reaction to stress Alarm: your body becomes alerted to the stress o Increased heart rate and breathing, preparing for fight or flight (Autonomic, Sympathetic) Resistance: Stress continues, levels of change remain high, coping mechanisms happen during this time o Example: GPA threatened, go out less to study more Exhaustion: fighting the stress causes your body to wear down. Prolonged exposure to stress collapse or death o Getting sick becomes easier during this phase and irreversible effects to your body can occur Threat has passed homeostasis o Balanced internal state

8 Stressor Eustress Distress Short term Motivating Threatening Can be long term Homeostasis General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Alarm Resistance Exhaustion Homeostasis

9 Cope = effectively manage stress Our interpretation of the stress determines the coping style selected o Cognitive appraisal (Diagram 3.3, pg. 101) Primary Appraisal Situation = harmful, threatening, or challenging Secondary Appraisal Identify resources and selecting coping method o Emotion Focused Coping: manage emotional reaction o Problem Solving Coping: dealing with stressor to reduce or eliminate it

10 Stressor Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal Emotion Focused Problem Solving

11 Stressor Eustress Distress Short term Motivating Threatening Can be long term Homeostasis Primary Appraisal General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Secondary Appraisal Alarm Resistance Exhaustion Homeostasis

12 Health and Exercise o Decreases anxiety/depression through neurotransmitters, and helps with muscle tension Positive Beliefs o Positive self-image, high self-esteem, and a good attitude Social Skills o Interacting with others, communicating thoughts/feelings Social Support o Having others in our life to help deal with issues

13 Control o Believing you control life outcomes (internal locus of control) vs. believing fate controls everything (external locus of control) Material Resources o More money Sense of Humor o Laugh at self Relaxation o Finding ways to release daily tension (Examples?)

14 Therapy = helping others change for the better Several types of therapies, but all share common goals o Attempt to change: Disturbed Thoughts: Destructive thoughts New ideas/solutions to problems Disturbed Emotions: Understand/control emotions, relieve emotional discomfort Disturbed Behaviors: Get rid of problem behaviors, providing new behaviors Interpersonal and life situation issues: Improve relationships with others, and help deal with stress Biomedical Disturbances: Fix biological issues; for example, chemical imbalances that lead to depression

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