Thursday 9 June 2016 Afternoon

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1 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Thursday 9 June 2016 Afternoon GCSE PSYCHOLOGY B542/01 Studies and Applications in Psychology 2 * * Candidates answer on the Question Paper. OCR supplied materials: None Other materials required: None Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes * B * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 80. The quality of your written communication will be taken into account in marking your answers to the questions marked with an asterisk (*). This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. OCR 2016 [D/501/5513] DC (LEG) /2 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over

2 2 Answer all the questions. SECTION A Social Psychology Non-Verbal Communication 1 The Case of Bella Bella is a five year old girl who often has tantrums. She normally stamps her foot and shouts No way! if she does not want to do something. Her mother says Her nose wrinkles right up when she is cross. We find it hard not to laugh when that happens. However, we understand that laughing is only going to make her behaviour worse. Using the source: (a) Give the example of a facial expression used by Bella.... [1] (b) Give the example of body language used by Bella.... [1]

3 2 Social learning theory is one explanation of non-verbal communication. Draw one line from each of the following social learning terms to the correct example. 3 Social learning term Example Imitation Observation Punishment Jack uses his older brother as a role model for learning gestures. Jack closely watches his brother s gestures. Jack tries to reproduce the gestures he has seen his brother displaying. Jack continues to use gestures because he gets attention. Reinforcement Jack does not repeat the gestures that his friends make fun of. [4] 3 Answer the following questions about Yuki et al s (2007) study into non-verbal communication. For each part question, choose one answer by ticking the relevant box. (a) How many different cultures did Yuki et al study? two three four [1] (b) What did Yuki et al use to measure the dependent variable? multiple-choice responses rating scales open questions [1] OCR 2016 Turn over

4 4 4 Explain one limitation of the procedure used by Yuki et al... [3] 5 Outline two techniques used in social skills training [4]

5 5 SECTION B Individual Differences The Self 6 The Case of Colin Colin is a 40 year old man who still lives with his mother. He suffers from low self esteem. Colin wishes that he was more independent but sees himself as someone who is unable to make any serious decisions about his life. His mother is very domineering and constantly criticises him. She only shows him respect when she wants something fixing in the house. Colin feels he has left it too late to move out of his family home. He worries that he will never realise his full potential. Using the source: Outline how the humanistic theory would explain Colin s low self esteem... [4] OCR 2016 Turn over

6 7 Counselling is one way of treating low self esteem. Describe two features of counselling [4] 8 Complete the following passage by filling in the gaps. You must choose a different term for each gap from the list below. extraversion instinct neuroticism trait An alternative to the humanistic theory is... blank theory. This theory assumes that people share certain characteristics. For example,... blank measures how shy or how outgoing a person is. Another characteristic is... blank which tells us how emotionally stable a person is. [3] 9 Van Houtte & Jarvis (1995) measured the effect of pet ownership on the self esteem of a group of pre-adolescents. Describe the procedure and the findings of this study [4]

7 7 SECTION C Cognitive Psychology Perception 10 The study of perception often involves investigating the following concepts: constancies depth cues illusions Use one of these concepts to outline the difference between sensation and perception... [2] 11 Explain the role of experience in perception... [3] 12 Outline the nativist theory of perception... [3] OCR 2016 Turn over

8 8 13 Identify whether the following statements about Haber & Levin s (2001) study are true or false. Give your answer by circling either TRUE or FALSE as shown below. TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE (a) Haber & Levin carried out their experiment on a beach. TRUE FALSE [1] (b) Haber & Levin asked participants to identify the objects that were furthest away from where they were stood. TRUE FALSE [1] (c) Haber & Levin found that participants were better at judging the distance of objects that could vary in size compared to objects whose size was fixed. TRUE FALSE [1] (d) Haber & Levin s sample was gender biased. TRUE FALSE [1] 14 An agency was asked to design an advert to help sell a new type of chocolate bar. Outline one technique that the agency might use to influence the audience s perception of this chocolate bar... [3]

9 9 SECTION D Biological Psychology Criminal Behaviour 15 News Headlines 1. Politician states: Abortion will not become legal in this country. 2. Expert brought in to try to stop gang warfare. 3. Police accused of not recording crimes accurately. 4. Serial killer blames her family for her crimes. Using the source: (a) Identify the headline which shows the problems of measuring crime. Circle the correct number below: [1] (b) Identify the headline which shows the problems of defining crime. Circle the correct number below: [1] 16 (a) Outline the procedure used by Mednick et al (1984) in their study into criminal behaviour.... [2] (b) Describe one limitation of the way Mednick et al carried out their study.... [2] OCR 2016 Turn over

10 10 17 Explain one way psychological research has been used in crime reduction... [3] 18* Describe one theory that can be used to explain criminal behaviour... [6]

11 11 SECTION E Developmental Psychology Cognitive Development 19 Educating Children Schools use a number of strategies to help children to make progress. For example, in the classroom, children are rewarded for good behaviour. They are also given support by adults to help them to reach their intellectual potential. Whole school strategies include organising children into year groups. This shows that children are at the same point in their learning at about the same time. Using the source: (a) Identify the strategy that is associated with Vygotsky s theory of cognitive development.... [1] (b) Identify the strategy that is associated with Piaget s theory of cognitive development.... [1] OCR 2016 Turn over

12 12 20 Answer the following questions on Piaget s (1952) study into the conservation of number. For each part question, show your answer by ticking the relevant box. (a) Which one of the following methods did Piaget use to carry out his study? correlational study experiment questionnaire [1] (b) Which one of the following materials did Piaget use as part of his procedure? glasses of water pieces of string rows of counters [1] (c) Which one of the following did Piaget compare in his findings? asking questions and not asking questions using a toy and not using a toy younger children and older children [1] (d) Which one of the following did Piaget investigate in his study? whether children know what they are asked whether children understand about the properties of an object whether children identify a change in an object s appearance [1] 21 Describe two limitations of the procedure used in Piaget s study into the conservation of number [4]

13 13 22* Describe and evaluate Piaget s theory of cognitive development. [10] END OF QUESTION PAPER

14 14 ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE If additional answer space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s) must be clearly shown in the margins OCR 2016

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