Sujata Ives, PhD, OWDS, GCDF. MAACCE Conference May 8 & Dr. Ives 1

Transcription

1 Sujata Ives, PhD, OWDS, GCDF MAACCE Conference May 8 & Dr. Ives 1

2 I will be able to. Understand Brain Systems and Gender (sex) differences. Discuss Gut Brain. Discuss Metacognition. Recognize the connection between Metacognition and Neuroplasticity. So that I can Apply the information in my field. Dr. Ives 2

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5 Corpus Callosum

6 Likes to: Categorize Novelty Humor Talk about itself Dr. Ives 6

7 The Neuron brain cell Receive info -100 billion neurons -Carry messages via electrical impulse

8 Neurotransmitters carry signals across the synapse. Examples: Serotonin Dr. Ives 8

9 Dr. Ives 9

10 50 Billion Sensory Neurons Fear, anxiety Fight or Flight --- butterflies in gut Yes, there are two brains! Fear Vagus nerve turns up the volume on serotonin in gut. Butterflies (nerves) in esophagus choke with emotion, lump in throat; heartburn; ulcer, colitis, IBS, Crohn s. Dr. Ives 10

11 Your reality is not my reality. Dr. Ives 11

12 Dr. Ives 12

13 Dr. Ives 13

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15 The Brain is a code cracking machine Can you crack the code? Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a tatol mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.

16 What is the difference between sex differences and gender differences? Sex differences refers to biological differences, while gender refers to cultural aspects. Dr. Ives 16

17 Sex differences and gender differences

18 Sex differences and gender differences Dr. Ives 18

19 Sex differences and gender differences After a time, you may find that having is not so pleasing a thing, after all, as wanting. It is not logical, but it is often true. --Spock in 'Amok Time' Dr. Ives 19

20 Differences in Brain Structure and Function Larger brain Smaller Corpus Collosum Less connections Spatial Sense Single Task Smaller brain Larger Corpus Collosum More connections Multi-Task Verbal and non-verbal Quick processing Dr. Ives 20

21 Male Female Shaywitz

22 MALE Linear Solitary Gives space Wants answers Help means he failed FEMALE Cluster Wheels turn Communal Support Asks for help

23 See Huttenlocher & Vasilyeva (2003) on p 227 See Newcombe et al. (1999) on p 227 Males score slightly higher on Spatial Tasks.

24 MALES Can see elephants on the horizon Better spatial vision Colorblindness ( What the heck is Chartreuse? ) FEMALES Greater Peripheral vision-up to 180 Better color vision Better night vision Social interaction Expressive Causes a psychological arousal Assertive Aggressive Dominance Affiliation clue

25 Smell Females can smell whether a man has healthy immune system within 3 Sec. Females-Most sensitive at ovulation -most affairs occur during ovulation Touch Females10x as sensitive Females and Males-Touch releases Oxytocin Feel good hormone

26 MALES Goal Oriented Passing down of DNA Lone hunter Problem avoider Achievement talk Identifies with achievements FEMALES Community builder Problem sharer Relationship talk Identifies with relationships

27 Similarities Everyone has needs and wants. Everyone has values. Everyone has a beliefs. Differences >misunderstanding >doubt & suspicion. Is it truly possible to develop effective relationships with people who are different from ourselves? Dr. Ives 27

28 Clark & Hatfield, 1989 Females: A) Wanna go out? 50% B) Wanna go to my place? 6% C) Wanna go to bed? 0% Males: A) Wanna go out? 50% B) Wanna go to my place? 69% C) Wanna go to bed? 75% Findings have been replicated Buss, 1993

29 WHY males and females communicate Males me against the world Females connections; relationships; community HOW men and women communicate Males Focuses on information (the what) rather than the how. Attends more to verbal than nonverbal messages. Females more expressive; attends more to nonverbal elements; how something is said rather than what is said. Dr. Ives 29

30 MALES Literal Longer wait time in revealing emotions Close off sooner while listening Don t feel the need to express in words FEMALES Indirect language Intense feelings Talks out loud More self-talk

31 60-80% non-verbal signals 20-30% voice sounds 7-10% words Males only hear the words For males, silence is not punishment Males When she gets upset, she never stops talking. Females He never lets me know what he s thinking

32 Differences in Speech Average Female uses ~20,000 words per day. Average Male uses ~7,000. Brizendine, L. (2006). The Female Brain. New York: Broadway Books. Dr. Ives 32

33 Prosody melody of speech that conveys sarcasm, sincerity, concern, humor, interest, frustration. Females hear and use 6 tones (prosody) Males hear and use 4 tones (prosody). Dr. Ives 33

34 Hearing (is a physical process) Females and listening Female on all the time Relationships Understanding and insights Meaning in nonverbal cues Dr. Ives 34

35 Males and listening Male better sound detection Big picture; major points New information Quickest way to a conclusion Information Less attention to cues Meaning of words Dr. Ives 35

36 Males: deductive; abstract concrete Females: inductive; concrete abstract Dr. Ives 36

37 Do you keep your emotions under control? Dr. Ives 37

38 Why am I in this mood? Dr. Ives 38

39 Metacognition Filtering Polarize Over generalization Catastrophizing Personalization Dr. Ives 39

40 Metacognition Blaming Shoulds Emotional Reasoning Being Right Heaven s Reward Fallacy Dr. Ives 40

41 Metacognition Defensiveness Is followed by criticism & contempt --Result: No communication High conflict Stonewalling --Disapproval, disgust, smugness --Males stonewall more than Females Result: slow communication Contempt --Criticism with personal attack --Accusing, insulting, blaming, & namecalling --Using hostile humor & mockery Result: decay of admiration for partner

42 Can you accurately identify the emotions you experience and why you experience them? Dr. Ives 42

43 Metacognition Figure.. Ladder of Inference. Based on Ross (1994) p. 243)

44 Metacognition Do you accurately interpret the other person s feelings and needs? How well do you mind-read? RTPJ Right Temporal Parietal Junction Dr. Rebecca Saxe M.I.T. Dr. Ives 44

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46 Difficulty in understanding, processing, and describing emotional responses. People with Alexithymia cannot read nonverbal cues such as facial expressions. Dr. Ives 46

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48 PET scans --brain energy consumption Courtesy of Lewis Baxter an Michael E. Phelps, UCLA School of Medicine Dr. Ives 48

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50 PET scan; high metabolic activity (red) in frontal lobe areas are involved with directing attention. Dr. Ives 50

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52 Trouble with relationships, the law, and fitting into society. Give appearance of fitting into society; adept in mimicking emotions; seem outwardly successful. Dr. Ives 52

53 PET scan of 41 murderers -reduced activity in the frontal lobes -repeat offenders had 11% less frontal lobe activity (Raine et al., 1999; 2000). Normal Murderer Courtesy of Adrian Raine, University of Southern California Dr. Ives 53

54 Cognition Language Memory Attention Reasoning Judgment Problem solving

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56 Traumatic Brain Injury Phineas Gage ( , accident in 1848) Phineas Gage s lesion reconstructed (H. Damasio and R. Frank, 1992) Dr. Ives 56

57 Infection Fever Hematoma - internal bleeding Low or high blood pressure Low sodium Abnormal blood coagulation Cardiac changes Lung changes Nutritional changes htm

58 Memory Speech and language Irrational thinking Paranoia Mood swings Perseveration persistent thoughts

59 Neuroplasticity The ability of the brain to reorganize itself and create new circuits in response to environment and most remarkably in response to thoughts. Through thinking the brain changes. Through humor the brain changes. Through activity the brain changes. New behaviors create new neuronal pathways!

60 The idea that the brain can change its own structure and function through thought and activity is, I believe, the most important alteration in our view of the brain. The Brain That Changes Itself By Norman Doidge

61 I am aware of the physical reactions (tics, aches, tremors) that signal a gut reaction. I am able to recognize my mistakes. I recognize traits in others and am able to work around those, without humiliating another. I am attuned to a person s perception of me. Dr. Ives 61

62 Achievement means proving you are smart Being smart means that you are making no mistakes A mistake leads to loss of confidence Failure leads to humiliation Effort should not be required if you are smart and takes away excuses for failure Success is defined as being the best and is based on talent Achievement means that you are learning and stretching Being smart means that you are confronting a challenge and making progress A mistake indicates an area for growth Failure means that you are not yet fulfilling potential Effort is the path to mastery that makes you smarter. You get out what you put in. Success is defined as working hard to become your best and is based on motivation Dr. Ives 62

63 A bad grade means it is time to give up Feedback is threatening, as it provides good or bad news about precious traits The need to ask for help indicates a weakness or deficiency which should not be admitted Stereotype threat is high due to fears of confirming negative stereotype Talented peers become grounds for feeling threatened and jealous A bad grade means it is time to work harder. Feedback is welcomed, as it provides useful direction toward areas to work on. The need to ask for help is a useful strategy for growth. Stereotype threat is low; a stereotype is simply someone else s inaccurate view of their abilities. Talented peers are a source of inspiration. Dr. Ives 63

64 Self-regulation Speak nondefensively, seek to understand Try new things Over learn what works and what does not

65 Concept Maps Bored Jar Journal drawings Guided practice Visualization Group Discussions PowerPoint presentations

66 Repetition Persistence Music, sports, writing, drama, science, business... Begin your 10,000 hours now!

67 1. Exercise: Exercise boosts brain power. 2. Survival: The human brain evolved, too. 3. Wiring: Every brain is wired differently. 4. Attention: We don t pay attention to boring things. 5. Short-term Memory: Repeat to remember. 6. Long-term Memory: Remember to repeat. 7. Sleep: Sleep well, think well. 8. Stress: Stressed brains don t learn the same way. 9. Sensory Integration: Stimulate more of the senses. 10. Vision: Vision trumps all other senses. 11. Gender: Male and female brains are different. 12. Exploration: We are powerful and natural explorers.

68 An evaluation of one s Metacognition or how you think empowers both genders. When males and females understand how they think they can make sense of their surroundings, family, community, and culture. Dr. Ives 68

69 Good luck and thank you for attending this session! See you next year! Dr. Ives 69

70 Begley, Sharon (2007). Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain: How a New Science Reveals Our Extraordinary Potential to Transform Ourselves. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne and Firth, Uta (2005). The Learning Brain: Lessons for Education. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Blakeslee, Sandra (2007). The Body Has a Mind of Its Own: How Body Maps in Your Brain Help You Do (Almost) Everything Better. New York, NY: Random House. Colvin, Geoffrey (2008). Talent Is Overrated: What Really Separates World-Class Performers from Everybody Else. New York, NY: Penguin Group. Doidge, Norman (2007). The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science. New York, NY: Penguin Group. Gladwell, Malcolm (2008). Outliers: The Story of Success. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company. Halpern, Sue (2008). Can't Remember What I Forgot: The Good News from the Front Lines of Memory Research. Scotland, UK: Harmony. Heath, John F. (2006). When Bright Kids Can't Learn, How New Brain Research Can Help Your Child. Salt Lake City, UT: IQ Express. Jensen, Eric (2006). Enriching the Brain, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.

71 Medina, John (2008). Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home and School. Seattle, WA: Pear Press. Santa Fe Productions (2007). The Brain Fitness Program DVD. PBS Home Video. Schwartz, Jeffrey M. (2003). The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. Schutte, N.S., Malouff, J.M., Hall, L.E., Haggerty, D.J., Cooper, J.T., Golden, C.J., & Dornheim, L. (2002). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, Slaski, M., & Cartwright, S. (2002). Performance and emotional intelligence: an exploratory study of retail managers. Stress and Health, 18,

72 Why men don t listen and women can t read maps. Barbara and Allan Pease Why men don t have a clue and women always need more shoes. Barbara and Allan Pease Adapted from Emily A. Sterrett, Ph. D., in The Manager s Pocket Guide to Emotional Intelligence, 2000, HRD Press: Amherst, MA Greek and Latin roots of neuroscience (especially neuroanatomy) words

73 Watkin, C. (2002). Developing emotional intelligence. Int J Selection and Assessment, 8, Wagner, P.J., Moseley, G.C., Grant, M.M., Gore, J.R., & Owens, C. (2000). Physicians emotional intelligence and patient satisfaction. Fam Med, 34, Pearson Education Inc. Dr. Robert Sapolsky, Stanford University. Mayo Clinic Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Rochester, MN ( ) Life With TBI: A Resource for Survivors Dr. Ives 73