Different methods of presenting risk information and their influence on medication compliance intentions: results of three studies

Transcription

1 Login: Register Home Browse Search Abstract Databases My Settings Alerts Help Quick Search Title, abstract, keywords Author e.g. j s smith Journal/book title Volume Issue Page Clinical Therapeutics Volume 28, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages doi: /j.clinthera Copyright 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. Original research Different methods of presenting risk information and their influence on medication compliance intentions: results of three studies BASean D. Young 1,, and PhDDaniel M Oppenheimer 2, 3 1 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA 2 Department of Psychology,Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA 3 Woodrow Wilson School o f Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA This Document Abstract Abstract + References Full Size Images PDF (868 K) External Links Abstract + References in Scopus Actions Cited By Save as Citation Alert Article Export Citation Accepted 29 November Available online 18 February Abstract Background: Pharmaceutical noncompliance is an increasinglyimportant problem in the United States, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths and billions of wasted dollars each year. Patients' fear of adverse events (AEs) is one possible reason for lack of compliance. Objectives: The aims of the 3 studies described in this article were to investigate whether commonly used methods of conveying AE risk might influence subjects' perceptions of their risk of experiencing drug-related AEs and whether disclosing this information by other means might subsequently influence their intentions to comply with prescribed medication regimens. Methods: In study 1, randomly selected participantswere surveyed to estimate their percentage risk for medication AEs. In study 2, randomly selected participants were presented with a fictitious medical scenario, informed of their AE risk either in terms of specific percentages or in Page 1 of 6

2 general semantic terms (eg, some people may experience ), and then asked to rate their fear of AEs and likelihood of compliance. Study 3 was a randomized, controlled experiment in which we duplicated the methods of study 2, with the addition of real-life stimuli (pharmaceutical advertisements). Results: In study 1, 40 subjects were surveyed. Participants overestimated their risk of AEs when information was disclosed semantically. In study 2, people were more fearful of experiencing AEs and less likely to intend to comply with prescribed medication regimens (both, P < 0.01) when presented with AE risk information in the form of semantic risk frames rather than actual risk percentages. In study 3, 120 subjects participated. Again, participants expressed stronger intent to comply with medication regimens when they received AE risk information as percentages rather than in semantic terms (P < 0.04). In addition, intended likelihood to comply was negatively correlated with fear of experiencing AEs (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In these studies, informing participantsof actual percentage risk of AEs was associated with less fear about AEs and greater intent to comply with prescribed regimens. Using verbal descriptors to disclose AE risk information was associated with less intent to comply. Key words: compliance; adherence; overestimation; adverse reaction; drug labeling; advertising; direct-to-consumer References I. Cleemput, K. Kesteloot and S. DeGeest, A review of the literature on the economics of noncompliance. Room for methodological improvement, Health Policy. 59 (2002), pp SummaryPlus Full Text + Links PDF (187 K) Abstract + References in Scopus Available at: World Health Organization, Adherence to long-term therapies: Evidence for action Accessed (June 10, 2005). (2nd home ed.), Merck Manual of Medical Information, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ (2003). Available at: US Office of Inspector General, Medication regimens: Causes of noncompliance Accessed (June 6, 2005). In: R. Levy, Editor, Emerging Issues in Pharmaceutical Cost Containment, National Pharmaceutical Council, Reston, Va (1992). G.E. Ruoff, Challenges of managing chronic pain in the elderly, Semin Arthritis Rheum. 32 (2002) (Suppl 1), pp SummaryPlus Full Text + Links PDF (117 K) Abstract + References in Scopus M. Hobson, Medications in older patients, West J Med. 157 (1992), pp Abstract- EMBASE Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract + References in Scopus D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk, Econometrica 47 (1979), pp Abstract-EconLit Full Text via CrossRef Page 2 of 6

3 C.F. Camerer, Prospect theory in the wild: Evidence from the field. In: C.F. Camerer, G. Loewenstein and M. Rabin, Editors, Advances in Behavioral Economics, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY (2003), pp Abstract + References in Scopus Cited By in Scopus D.F. Halpern, S. Blackman and B. Salzman, Using statistical risk information to assess oral contraceptive safety, Appl Cog Psychol. 3 (1989), pp L.A. Morris and D.E. Kanouse, Informing patients about drug side effects, J Behav Med. 5 (1982), pp Abstract-EMBASE Abstract-MEDLINE Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus D. Kahneman and A. Tversky, Choices, values, and frames, Am Psychol. 39 (1984), pp Full Text via CrossRef U. Hoffrage, S. Lindsey, R. Hertwig and G. Gigerenzer, Communicating statistical information, Science 290 (2000), pp Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract-Elsevier BIOBASE Abstract-EMBASE Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus S. Lindsey, R. Hertwig and G. Gigerenzer, Communicating statistical DNA evidence, Jurismetrics 43 (2003), pp Abstract + References in Scopus U. Hoffrage and G. Gigerenzer, Using natural frequencies to improve diagnostic inferences, Acad Med. 73 (1998), pp Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract-EMBASE Abstract + References in Scopus G. Gigerenzer, Striking a blow for sanity in theories of rationality. In: M. Augier and J.G. March, Editors, Essays in Honor of Herbert Simon, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass (2004), pp G. Gigerenzer, Ecological intelligence: An adaptation for frequencies. In: D. Dellarosa Cummins and C. Allen, Editors, The Evolution of Mind., Oxford University Press, New York, NY (1998), pp D. Berry, T. Raynor, P. Knapp and E. Berellini, Over the counter medicines and the need for immediate action: A further evaluation of European Commission recommended workings for communicating risk, Patient Educ Couns. 53 (2004), pp SummaryPlus Full Text + Links PDF (65 K) Abstract + References in Scopus D.K. Ziegler, M.C. Mosier, M. Buenaver and K. Okuyemi, How much information about adverse effects of med ications do patients want from physicians?, Arch Intern Med. 161 (2001), pp Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract-Elsevier BIOBASE Abstract- EMBASE Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus 21 CFR (May 26, 2005). 70 Federal Register (2005). Guidance for industry: Consumerdirected broadcast advertisements (December 19, 2005) Available at: Accessed. C. Marwick, MedGuide: At last along sought opportunity for patient education about prescribed drugs, JAMA 277 (1997), pp Abstract-EMBASE Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract + References in Scopus M. Baylor-Henry and N.A. Drezin, Regulation of prescription drug promotion: Direct-toconsumer advertising, Clin Ther. 20 (1998) (Suppl C), pp. C86 C95. Abstract PDF (725 K) Abstract + References in Scopus Page 3 of 6

4 Available at: European Commission, A Guideline on the Readability of the Label and Package Leaflet of Medicinal Prod ucts for Human Use Accessed (December 19, 2005). D.C. Berry, I.C. Michas and E. Bersillini, Communicating information about medicine: The benefits of making it personal, Psychol Health. 18 (2003), pp Abstract + References in Scopus A. Dyck, M. Deschamps and J. Taylor, Pharmacists' discussions of medication side effects: A descriptive study, Patient Educ Couns. 56 (2005), pp SummaryPlus Full Text + Links PDF (77 K) Abstract + References in Scopus L. Hughes, C. Whittlesea and D. Luscombe, Patients' knowledge and perceptions of the side-effects of OTC medication, J Clin Pharm Ther. 27 (2002), pp Abstract- MEDLINE Abstract-EMBASE Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus D.K. Raynor and P. Knapp, Do patients see, read and retain new mandatory medicine information leaflets?, Pharm J. 264 (2000), pp Abstract + References in Scopus L.A. Morris, D. Brinberg and R. Klimberg et al., The attitudes of consumers toward direct advertising of prescrip tion drugs, Public Health Rep. 101 (1986), pp Abstract- MEDLINE Abstract-EMBASE Abstract + References in Scopus L.A. Morris, D. Brinberg and R. Klimberg et al., Consumer attitudes about advertisements for medicinal drugs, Soc Sci Med. 22 (1986), pp Abstract Abstract + References in Scopus L. Cosmides and J. Tooby, Are humans good intuitive statisticians after all? Rethinking some conclusions from the literature on judgment under uncertainty, Cognition. 58 (1996), pp Abstract Abstract + References PDF (4364 K) Abstract + References in Scopus J. Paling, Up to your Armpits in Alligators? How to Sort Out What Risks Are Worth Worrying About!, Risk Communication and Environmental Institute, Gainesville, Fla (1997). K.C. Calman and G.H. Royston, Risk language and dialects, BMJ 315 (1997), pp Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract-EMBASE Abstract + References in Scopus Cited By in Scopus S. Woloshin, L.M. Schwartz and S. Byram et al., A new scale for assessing perceptions of chance: A validation study, Med Decis Making. 20 (2000), pp Abstract- MEDLINE Abstract-EMBASE Abstract + References in Scopus J.E. Beach, G.A. Faich, F.G. Bormel and F.J. Sasinowski, Black box warnings in prescription drug labeling: Results of a survey of 206 drugs, Food Drug Law J. 53 (1998), pp Abstract-EMBASE Abstract-MEDLINE Abstract + References in Scopus M.S. Wogalter and T.A. Dingus, Methodological techniques for evaluating behavioral intentions and compliance. In: M.S. Wogalter, D.M. Dejoy and K.R. Laughery, Editors, Warnings and Risk Communication, Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, Pa (1999), pp S.J. Kraus, Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature, Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 21 (1995), pp Abstract + References in Scopus Page 4 of 6

5 I. Ajzen, Attitudes, Personality, and Behavior, Open University Press, Buckingham, UK (1988). I. Ajzen, The theory of planned behavior, Org Behavior Human Decision Processes 50 (1999), pp P. Sheeran, C. Abraham and S. Orbell, Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use: A meta-analysis, Psychol Bull. 125 (1999), pp Abstract Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus C.J. Armitage and M. Conner, Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A metaanalytic review, Br J Soc Psychol. 40 (2001), pp Abstract-MEDLINE Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus D.R. Rutter, Attendance and reattendance for breast cancer screening: A prospective 3-year test of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Br J Health Psychol. 5 (2000), pp Abstract- EMBASE Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus P. Sheeran and S. Orbell, Using implementation intentions to increase attendance for cervical cancer screening, Health Psychol. 19 (2000), pp Abstract Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus D. Braithwaite, S. Sutton and N. Steggles, Intention to participate in predictive genetic testing for hereditary cancer: The role of attitude toward uncertainty, Psychol Health. 17 (2002), pp Full Text via CrossRef Abstract + References in Scopus Cited By in Scopus I. Ajzen and C. Tinnko, Correspondence between health attitudes and behavior, Basic Appl Soc Psychol. 7 (1986), pp Full Text via CrossRef L. Lasagna, Balancing risks versus benefits in drug therapy decisions, Clin Ther. 20 (1998) (Suppl C), pp. C72 C79. Abstract PDF (606 K) Abstract + References in Scopus Cited By in Scopus Address correspondence to: Sean D. Young, BA, Department of Psychology,Stanford University, Building 420 Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA Clinical Therapeutics Volume 28, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages This Document Abstract Abstract + References Full Size Images PDF (868 K) External Links Abstract + References in Scopus Actions Cited By Save as Citation Alert Article Export Citation Page 5 of 6

6 Home Browse Search Abstract Databases My Settings Alerts Help About ScienceDirect Contact Us Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Page 6 of 6