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1 !! In 1949, a four-year-old boy contracted polio*. The disease left his legs " paralyzed*, and he had to learn to walk with crutches*. That same year, the young child also learned to play the violin. His name was Itzhak Perlman, and he went on to become one of the world s greatest violinists. In all walks of life, there are people who work very hard to succeed, sometimes overcoming great odds*. They prove that by unlocking one s motivation, one can achieve amazing things. # Motivation, the desire to reach a goal, includes wanting to do something and following through to its completion. To explain these forces, psychologist Abraham $ Maslow wrote about a hierarchy of needs. According to Maslow, we are first motivated to % meet basic needs for things like food, water, and safety. We then move on to ever-higher levels, the top one being our need to unlock our full potential. If you are a painter, for instance, that would mean pushing yourself to be the best painter you can be. As we work towards our goals, there may be & obstacles in the way. How we deal with them is important. Some people worry about the negative feelings or embarrassment that can come from failing. They avoid challenges and give up

2 easily. High achievers, in contrast, see obstacles and look for solutions. In the 1990s, J.K. Rowling was a single mother struggling to raise a daughter. Her first novel was rejected by several publishers, but she kept trying. A publisher finally! accepted the book, Harry Potter was introduced to the world, and the rest is history. To build one s motivation, a helpful technique is to replace bad habits with good ones. According to research, it takes an average of 66 days to form a new " habit. So be patient and persistent. Let s say you want to get into better shape, # but you never exercise. You might set a goal of jogging five kilometers per week. Start by jogging half a kilometer. Over time, slowly increase the distance until you reach your goal. Setting clear targets and reaching them creates a positive feedback loop, building confidence. Nobody is born a legend in the music, sports, business or any other $ field. It takes several years of persistence. During his basketball career, Michael Jordan missed many more shots than he made. But he played hard and never gave up. As Jordan once said, I can accept failure. Everyone fails at something. But I can t accept not trying. Such motivating words are well worth taking to heart. (Reading Pass Andrew E. Bennett ) polio* paralyze* crutches* odds*

3 !)!$!! discovered " found # caught $ cured "! accomplish " accept # determine $ develop #! imagining " investigating # finding $ continuing $! encounter " satisfy # avoid $ distribute %! people " results # problems $ assistants &! declined " renewed # determined $ edited '! purchase " avoid # reveal $ establish (! well " tireless # cooperative $ inventive )! investment " order # area $ agriculture!%!$! According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true?! 1949 was a very important year for music and music research. " Even though the child had a serious disease, he eventually became a respected musician. # The loss of his leg motivated the boy to learn the violin. $ Anyone without motivation can become a professional musician. " According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true?! A human being s highest need is to develop their ability to the fullest. " Food, water, fire, and safety are the most important human needs. # Motivation means having many different needs, and explaining them to others. $ Painters can unlock their full potential when they meet the need for food and water.

4 ! According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true?! Successful people actively find a way through when they encounter problems. " Failing and avoiding challenges is one way motivated people achieve success. # J.K. Rowling became successful by introducing Harry Potter to a famous publisher. $ There are many obstacles in life and giving up easily can help people deal with them. " According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true?! Jogging is one of the most effective ways to develop a new habit. " For most people it takes an average of a full year to set new life goals. # Athletes are usually the people with the most motivation and selfconfidence. $ In order to successfully develop new habits, people should set realistic goals. # According to paragraph 5, which of the following is true?! Because Michael Jordan missed more shots than he made, he retired from basketball. " Some people are naturally talented and reach the top with very little effort. # Even extremely talented individuals have to practice hard and fail many times before succeeding. $ There is a lot to learn about motivation and success from playing tennis.

5 ! "% Emma couldn t make herself clearly in such a noisy room. " heard # hear $ to hear % hearing Recent studies show that exercise is good for health but also for beauty. " either # both $ with % not only I enjoyed about the movie with my friends last week. " to talk # talking $ to discuss % discussing Memorize words as you can from this list. " many # too many $ as many % a great many I read the passage many times, but it still didn t make to me. " sense # clear $ meaning % understanding I think you should see a doctor right away, your condition could get worse. " so # and $ but % or made you leave the company so suddenly? " How # What $ Why % When If I you were sick, I could have brought you some meals. " didn t know # have known $ had known % would have known Susan is concerned the future of her son who often gets sick. " on # about $ of % as The machine is working, but I can t how to turn it off. " figure out # stand out $ set up % put down

6 ! "( Natural silk still fabrics available. " although # popular $ there % artificial & are ' is ( cheaper A recent more than 10,000 every month. " this city # shows $ tourists % that & foreign ' survey ( visit To his room, Taro for a week. " do # not cleaning $ to % had & make up ' for ( the dishes before an exam will of doing nothing. " not # semester $ all night % compensate & studying ' an entire ( for

7 Living expenses in Tokyo some of the employees a local office of the company.! hope to " high # that $ are % be & so ' transferred to

8 ! "% Emma: I m really glad we decided to take the tour. London is so confusing. Sachiko: Yes, we would definitely have had trouble finding our way around otherwise. Emma: Sachiko: Hey, what s that over there? I don t know. " But I ll try to contact you if I can. # But if we listen, I m sure the tour guide will explain. $ Maybe we should look at a map to find the hotel. % Doyouthinkyouleftitontheplane? Hannah: Mayumi: Hannah: Hi! How are your courses this year? OK, I guess. I m a little worried about the new math teacher. Oh, what have you heard? Mayumi: " I have more science classes than before. # We were hoping to avoid a situation like last year. $ My hearing is getting worse and worse because of the noise. % Everyone says she is really strict and gives lots of homework. Tetsu: Come on in! I was just going to take a look at the photos from my vacation. Paul: Really? Do you mind if I look at them too? Tetsu: Paul: Thanks. You know I ve always wanted to go to Malaysia. " Not at all. Why don t you have a seat here? # Have you been interested in photography long? $ Actually it is a personal matter. % My last vacation was a total disaster.

9 Aki: You ve been married for six years already? Wow. Where did you meet? Joe: Aki: Joe: We met in Vancouver. I guess education is not the only thing you can get at school. Yes, it was the best thing that ever happened to me.! We are both tired of being married. " We were both there on vacation. # We were both there studying at university. $ It was more beautiful than we had imagined. Keiko: Do you want to take the train or should we drive? Richard: Keiko: Oh, I don t care. But if we take the car, can you drive? I m exhausted. Actually, I m pretty tired today too. Richard:! Well, I guess it s the train then. " ButIdon tknowhowtodrive. # I really like our new car. $ I can never sleep on trains.

10 ! "# Do you like your hometown? Are you happy there? Most Americans like where they live. In fact, 80 percent of Americans say that they like their hometowns very much. They are happy there. A large number of Americans almost 40% live in the same place all their lives. They never live anywhere else. However, some other Americans are ready for a change. Figure 1 Do Americans think their hometown is the best place to live? Not Sure 2% No 46% Yes 52% Figure 2 Where do Americans live now? Small Town 26% Rural Area 17% Suburb 26% City 31% (Reading Base - Skills for Academic Success )

11 According to the passage, which statement is true?! American homeowners are more satisfied than renters. " Most Americans never live outside the U.S. # Most Americans are pleased with the places they live in now. $ Many Americans are preparing for big changes in their lives. According to Figure 1, which of the following statements is true?! Slightly more than half of Americans consider their town to be ideal. " Most Americans are unsure of the quality of their towns. # A minority of Americans think their town is the best place to live. $ Some Americans have no idea where they live now. According to Figure 2, which of the following statements is true?! Less than one quarter of Americans live in urban areas. " About one quarter of Americans live in small towns. # More than half of Americans live either in the countryside or small towns. $ Less than 10 percent of Americans live in the countryside. Which of the following is the best title for the passage and figures?! Small Towns in America: A Survey " A Survey of American Dreams # A Survey of Happiness among Americans $ Where Americans Live: A Survey

paralyzed, and he had to learn to walk with crutches. That same year, the

! " !! In 1949, a four-year-old boy contracted polio*. The disease left his legs " paralyzed*, and he had to learn to walk with crutches*. That same year, the young child also learned to play the violin.