Science, Safety and Experimental Design. 1.1 What is Science?

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1 Science, Safety and Experimental Design 1.1 What is Science?

2 The Goals of Science 1. Deals only with the natural world The supernatural is outside the realm of science

3 Science is one of the Ways of Knowing Experience Religion Intuition Science

4 2. Collect and Organize Information

5 3. Propose explanations that can be tested

6 Summarizing... SCIENCE is a body of knowledge that explains the natural world.

7 Science Safety You will work with your partner... Spend 15 minutes Make a list of all the science safety violations in the picture. Record your answers in your journal List the number and then write out what is wrong.

8

9 Experimental Design Why do Mosquitos Buzz in People s Ears

10 Begins with OBSERVATIONS **Try an exercise in observation. How good are your observing skills?

11 HYPOTHESIS - a proposed explanation, must be testable Examples: 1. Purina food will reduce a dog's shedding. 2. Putting Miracle Grow on tomato plants will make them produce more tomatoes. 3. The drug Avapro will lower a person's blood pressure.

12 Experimentation Begins Control Variables 1. Independent (manipulated) 2. Dependent (responding)

13 Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob and Patrick love to go jellyfishing. They wondered if a new brand of jellyfish bait would help them catch more jellyfish. To test their idea, they bought a big container of bait for their next 3 trips to their top-secret fishing spot. SpongeBob fished without any bait, while Patrick used the new bait. Both of them kept track of how many jellyfish they caught in 30 minutes, which is shown in the chart. SpongeBob Patrick Which person was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. Based on the data, how would you rate the new bait?

14 Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob and Patrick love to go jellyfishing. They wondered if a new brand of jellyfish bait would help them catch more jellyfish. To test their idea, they bought a big container of bait for their next 3 trips to their top-secret fishing spot. SpongeBob fished without any bait, while Patrick used the new bait. Both of them kept track of how many jellyfish they caught in 30 minutes, which is shown in the chart. SpongeBob Patrick Which person was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? SpongeBob Jellyfish Bait Number of jellyfish caught 4. Based on the data, how would you rate the new bait? The bait appears to have helped a small amount, but shouldn t be rated as a great deal. Overall Patrick caught 2 more jellyfish than SpongeBob.

15 Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob loves to grow flowers for his pal Sandy, who loves big, colorful flowers. He found a new brand of seeds coated with a special booster fertilizer that said it would produce huge flowers. He planted 5 of the new seeds in one container and 5 of the old brand of seeds in another container. He placed both containers on a sunny windowsill and watered them every day. He measured the diameter of each flower, which is shown in the chart. Old Seeds 10 cm 12 cm 14 cm 6 cm 8 cm New Seeds 8 cm 14 cm 10 cm 12 cm 16 cm 1. Which group was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. What is the average diameter for each group? 5. Which seeds are the best for big flowers?

16 Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob loves to grow flowers for his pal Sandy, who loves big, colorful flowers. He found a new brand of seeds coated with a special booster fertilizer that said it would produce huge flowers. He planted 5 of the new seeds in one container and 5 of the old brand of seeds in another container. He placed both containers on a sunny windowsill and watered them every day. He measured the diameter of each flower, which is shown in the chart. Old Seeds 10 cm 12 cm 14 cm 6 cm 8 cm New Seeds 8 cm 14 cm 10 cm 12 cm 16 cm 1. Which group was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? The seeds without the booster fertilizer Booster fertilizer on the new seeds Size or diameter of the flower 4. What is the average diameter for each group? Old = 10 cm, New = 12 cm 5. Which seeds are the best for big flowers? New seeds w/ the booster

17 Data = information gathered from observations Quantitative = a quantity, a number or measure Qualitative = a quality, description

18 INFERENCE - a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge * Drawing a conclusion

19 Conclusion -analyze results -support or reject hypothesis -determine what went wrong and what can be fixed in future investigations Scientific theories are developed after many experiments are conducted/ tested

20 What you have learned before! Initial Observation Draw Conclusion Gather Information Gather Results Perform Experiment Form Hypothesis

21 How it really works!

22 Extended Thinking: You and your partner will spend the next 5-8 minutes comparing and contrasting the simple and more appropriate versions of the Scientific Method. Draw a compare/contrast chart as shown to the right. Be sure to fully describe how the two are similar and how they are different. Draw this in your journal!

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