The Perspectives of Psychology

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1 The Perspectives of Psychology

2 Uses of Psychological Perspectives Different Psych perspectives examine different parts of the human psyche to see how the mind functions/ develops. Different perspectives don t always compete with one another. They take different approaches in understanding the mind.

3 Biological Perspective Explains human behavior by examining physical processes of the human body. Nervous System Brain Functions (especially chemical compounds) Immune systems Genetics

4 Biological Approach to the Individual Mental variations in humans happen due to difference in the wiring of the brain. Genetic variations passed down biologically through inherited traits. Chemical compositions Nervous system variations

5 Humanistic Perspective Examines the uniqueness of each individual. Studies human behavior through a combo of observations and selfperspectives of the individual. Rejects idea that humans behave the way they do because of conditioning/lack of free will. Understands humans as individuals, not just part of a larger system. This approach looks at the choices humans make and why.

6 Humanistic Approach to the Individual Focus = Potential of the individual. People are inherently good, attempt to be better. Emphasizes importance for personal growth > selfactualization. Reaching one s full potential through creativity, independence, spontaneity, and an understanding of the real world.

7 Cognitive Perspective Our behaviors are caused by a series of stimuli and our conscious reactions/responses to them. Human behavior = Reaction to external factors. Behavior controlled by our own thinking processes. Interested in how humans react to different problems

8 Cognitive Approach to the Individual Each person is unique and capable of making their own choices based on their own thought process. Choices of one person may not be the same another person would make. We react differently.

9 Psychoanalytic Perspective Personalities come from our unconscious mind. Much of it is formed in childhood. We suppress many true feelings, they get locked in our unconscious mind. To understand our development we need to examine experiences from our youth. Early experience is influential on current behavior.

10 Psychoanalytical Approach to the Individual Important to question a person about their childhood to better understand what feelings may be in their unconscious. ex. Being abandoned by a parent at a young age could lead to hesitance to make committed relationships as an adult.

11 Learning Perspective Focus = Role of stimuli, rewards, and punishments in development. Behaviors learned through observing actions of others. ex. Aggressive behaviors learned from living in an aggressive environment. Emphasizes importance of examining external factors and how they are influential.

12 Learning Approach to the Individual Behavior product of the environment the person grew up in. Important to examine home, work, and school life in addition to friends, family, community, etc People are learning the behaviors they see as acceptable or normal around them.

13 Sociocultural Perspective Stresses importance of society on the development, behavior, and learning process of people. Language, art, social norms/ structures play important role in developing cognitive abilities. ex. South Korea has high suicide rates among schoolaged children > high pressure on academic success.

14 Sociocultural Perspective and the Individual Need to look at the individual within the context of the society they live in. Examine social norms and taboos to help explain behaviors. Values of society reflected in the values of the individual.

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