Types of variables. Introduction

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Types of variables. Introduction"

Transcription

1 Types of variables Introduction When carrying out a research, a researcher is supposed to understand everything about variables and be able to talk about them. A variable can be defined as any unit which can have different values which means anything which can differ can be referred as a variable. A good illustration of a variable is age because age has the ability to take different values between different kind of people or even to the same individual but at different period. Variables are not always numerical or quantitative (Trochim, K 2006). Gender is a variable that consist of two values which is the male and the female. It is not essential to allocate a number to something so that it can be a variable. Variables are not only the things which we measure in the traditional sense because in program evaluation, it is considered as a program to be made of one or more than one variables which means that a cause can be a variable. Education program has unpredictable amounts of time on task, the ratio of scholar and instructor, the classroom settings, and many other factors. Therefore a program can be a variable and it can consist of a number of sub variables. There are four measurement levels which are ordinal, nominal, interval and ratio. Features in the ordinal measurement can be rank ordered whereby the distance between the attribute does not matter. In the case of education attainment a higher number mean having more education (Trochim, K 2006). During nominal measurement the numerical values name the attribute in a unique manner. The distance between attributes in interval measurement has meaning. The distance from 30 to 40 when measuring temperature is the same as the distance from 70 to 80. This indicates that the interval between the values is interpreted. The ratio measurement explains that an absolute zero must exist which is of meaning, which mean that it is possible to construct a meaningful fraction using a ratio variable. The weight is an example of a ratio variable. When carrying out social research, count variables are ratio. An example is the number of customers in the previous four months because it is likely to have nil customers and also because it has meaning to articulate that I had two times as many 1 / 9

2 customers as in the past 4 months as I did in the previous four months (Marlow, C 2011). Name Type How to operationalise How to measure Age Age in years How old were you on your last birthday? Gender Dichotomous 2 / 9

3 Male and female gender Ethnicity Categorical White or black How many people are black or white Education Ordinal Educational attainment What level of education are you in Income 3 / 9

4 Amount of income How much were you earning in the last month? Marital status Categorical Unmarried, married, divorce or widower Are you married, unmarried, divorce or widower? Weight Weight in pounds What did you weigh in the last month? 4 / 9

5 Blood pressure Blood pressure level What is your blood pressure? Hypertension Dichotomous Yes or no Are you hypertensive Body temperature Body temperature in degrees Celsius 5 / 9

6 What is your body temperature? Health insurance status Categorical Uninsured and insured Are you insured or uninsured Smoking status Dichotomous Yes or no Do you smoke? Cancer stage Ordinal 6 / 9

7 Stage I II III and IV What stage are you at? Narrative When age is operationalized in this order, the researcher will just need to question the respondent in order to determine what age she turned in the last birthday. When gender is operationalized in this order, the researcher will just need to count the number of female and male respondents to determine the population. Operationalizing ethnicity in this manner helps the researcher to know the population of the white people and the blacks. When education is operationalized in this order the researcher will only need to ask the respondent so as to know what level of education he or she is in. When the researcher operationalized income in this manner, he will just need to question the respondent in order to know the income she earned in the last month. When Operationalizing marital status in this order, the researcher will be able to determine if the respondent is married, unmarried, divorced or widower. The researcher will be able to estimate the weight of the respondent in pounds by asking the respondent what she weighed in the last one month. When blood pressure is operationalized in this manner, the researcher will just need to ask the respondent so that to know the level of blood pressure of the respondent. By the researcher asking the respondent if she is hypertensive, the researcher will be able to determine if the respondent is hypertensive or not. Operationalizing body temperature in this manner helps the researcher to determine the body temperature of the respondent. 7 / 9

8 When the researcher asks the respondent this question, the researcher will be able to know if the respondent is insured or uninsured. This question helps the researcher in determining if the respondent smokes or not. When cancer stage operationalized in this order, it makes it possible for the researcher to ask the respondent the question and be able to determine what stage of cancer she is in. Conclusion A variable can be differentiated into two which is a dependent variable and independent variable. This kind of distinction is important when investigating the cause and effect relationship. Independent variable is what one manipulates like a program, cause or treatment while the dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable which is the outcome or effects. The measurement level in a research refers to the affiliation that exists between the values which are allocated to the features for a particular variable. The measurement level is important because it help one in deciding the statistics from a variable. The second importance is that it helps one to choose which numerical analysis is suitable for the values which were allocated. Reference Babbie, E & Rubin, A (2011). Research methods for social work Cengage Learning Marlow, C (2011). Research methods for generalist social work Cengage Learning Trochim, K (2006). Variables Retrieved on 9 th July 2012 from s.net/kb/variable.php Trochim, K (2006). Levels of measurement Retrieved on 9 th July 2012 from searchmethods.net/kb/measlevl.php 8 / 9

9 . 9 / 9

Transforming Concepts into Variables

Transforming Concepts into Variables Transforming Concepts into Variables Operationalization and Measurement Issues of Validity and Reliability Concepts What is a concept? A mental image that summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings,

More information

IS STATISTICS 100% CORRECT?

IS STATISTICS 100% CORRECT? TYPES OF DATA IS STATISTICS 100% CORRECT? 2 DATA SOURSES Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Compilation Print or Electronic Observation 3 Survey Experimentation 3 TYPES OF DATA Data Categorical Numerical

More information

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS SORANA D. BOLBOACĂ

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS SORANA D. BOLBOACĂ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS SORANA D. BOLBOACĂ OBJECTIVES Definitions Stages of Scientific Knowledge Quantification and Accuracy Types of Medical Data Population and sample Sampling methods DEFINITIONS

More information

full file at

full file at Chapter 01 What Is Statistics? True / False Questions 1. A population is a collection of all individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. True False 2. Statistics are used as a basis for making decisions.

More information

Psy 464 Advanced Experimental Design. Overview. Variables types. Variables, Control, Validity & Levels of Measurement

Psy 464 Advanced Experimental Design. Overview. Variables types. Variables, Control, Validity & Levels of Measurement Psy 464 Advanced Experimental Design Variables, Control, Validity & Levels of Measurement Overview Variables and operationalization Control and confounding Validity Levels of measurement SPSS introduction/overview

More information

Level of Measurements

Level of Measurements Level of Measurements Mohammed TA, Omar, Ph.D. PT, CLT, PGDCR Rehabilitation Health Science Department CAMS-KSU, Momarar@ksu.edu.sa Dr.taher_m@yahoo.com 0542115404 Objectives Identify types of variables

More information

Lecture (chapter 1): Introduction

Lecture (chapter 1): Introduction Lecture (chapter 1): Introduction Ernesto F. L. Amaral January 17, 2018 Advanced Methods of Social Research (SOCI 420) Source: Healey, Joseph F. 2015. Statistics: A Tool for Social Research. Stamford:

More information

Nature of measurement

Nature of measurement Nature of measurement Lecturer: Dr. Emmanuel Adjei; Department of Information Studies Contact Information: eadjei@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017

More information

Variables and Data. Gbenga Ogunfowokan Lead, Nigerian Regional Faculty The Global Health Network 19 th May 2017

Variables and Data. Gbenga Ogunfowokan Lead, Nigerian Regional Faculty The Global Health Network 19 th May 2017 Variables and Data Gbenga Ogunfowokan Lead, Nigerian Regional The Global Health Network 19 th May 2017 Objectives At the end of this presentation you should be able to 1) Define a variable 2) Classify

More information

Chapter 01 What Is Statistics?

Chapter 01 What Is Statistics? Chapter 01 What Is Statistics? True / False Questions 1. A population is a collection of all individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. 2. Statistics are used as a basis for making decisions. 3.

More information

Measurement. Different terminology. Marketing managers work with abstractions. Different terminology. Different terminology.

Measurement. Different terminology. Marketing managers work with abstractions. Different terminology. Different terminology. Different terminology Managerial view Marketing managers work with abstractions Concepts A generalized idea about a class of objects, attributes, occurrences or processes Propositions A set of concepts

More information

9 research designs likely for PSYC 2100

9 research designs likely for PSYC 2100 9 research designs likely for PSYC 2100 1) 1 factor, 2 levels, 1 group (one group gets both treatment levels) related samples t-test (compare means of 2 levels only) 2) 1 factor, 2 levels, 2 groups (one

More information

Application of Medical Statistics. E.M.S. Bandara Dep. of Medical Lab. Sciences

Application of Medical Statistics. E.M.S. Bandara Dep. of Medical Lab. Sciences Application of Medical Statistics E.M.S. Bandara Dep. of Medical Lab. Sciences What is Statistics? The discipline concerned with the treatment of numerical data derived from groups of individuals (P. Armitage).

More information

Measurement. 500 Research Methods Mike Kroelinger

Measurement. 500 Research Methods Mike Kroelinger Measurement 500 Research Methods Mike Kroelinger Levels of Measurement Nominal Lowest level -- used to classify variables into two or more categories. Cases placed in the same category must be equivalent.

More information

NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY TUTORIAL 1

NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY TUTORIAL 1 NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY TUTORIAL 1 REVIEW FROM BIOSTATISTICS I AHMED HOSSAIN,PhD Data Management and Analysis AHMED HOSSAIN,PhD - Data Management and Analysis 1 DATA TYPES/ MEASUREMENT SCALES Categorical:

More information

Basic SPSS for Postgraduate

Basic SPSS for Postgraduate Basic SPSS for Postgraduate Dr. Shamshuritawati Sharif School of Quantitative Science Email : shamshurita@uum.edu.my Office : +6049286336 Mobile :+60194248001 In the process of carrying out the research,

More information

The Logic of Data Analysis Using Statistical Techniques M. E. Swisher, 2016

The Logic of Data Analysis Using Statistical Techniques M. E. Swisher, 2016 The Logic of Data Analysis Using Statistical Techniques M. E. Swisher, 2016 This course does not cover how to perform statistical tests on SPSS or any other computer program. There are several courses

More information

Choosing the Correct Statistical Test

Choosing the Correct Statistical Test Choosing the Correct Statistical Test T racie O. Afifi, PhD Departments of Community Health Sciences & Psychiatry University of Manitoba Department of Community Health Sciences COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, FACULTY

More information

Descriptive Statistics Lecture

Descriptive Statistics Lecture Definitions: Lecture Psychology 280 Orange Coast College 2/1/2006 Statistics have been defined as a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then analyzing, interpreting and

More information

On the purpose of testing:

On the purpose of testing: Why Evaluation & Assessment is Important Feedback to students Feedback to teachers Information to parents Information for selection and certification Information for accountability Incentives to increase

More information

Title of Resource Fast Food Fun: Understanding Levels of Measurement Author(s) Karla M. Batres Institution Caldwell University

Title of Resource Fast Food Fun: Understanding Levels of Measurement Author(s) Karla M. Batres Institution Caldwell University Title of Resource Fast Food Fun: Understanding Levels of Measurement Author(s) Karla M. Batres Institution Caldwell University Brief Description: Keywords: Author Contact Information: Additional Information:

More information

Introduction: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking Part II

Introduction: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking Part II Introduction: Statistics, Data and Statistical Thinking Part II FREC/STAT 608 Dr. Tom Ilvento Department of Food and Resource Economics Let s Continue with our introduction We need terms and definitions

More information

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND REVIEW QUESTIONS

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND REVIEW QUESTIONS PART THREE: PRELIMINARY ANALYSES Before attempting these questions read through Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the SPSS Survival Manual. Descriptive statistics

More information

Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies

Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies Prepared by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Bahaman Abu Samah Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang At the end of this session,

More information

Chapter 11: Experiments and Observational Studies p 318

Chapter 11: Experiments and Observational Studies p 318 Chapter 11: Experiments and Observational Studies p 318 Observation vs Experiment An observational study observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the response.

More information

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Results of Lake County Survey. Ferron & Associates for Children s Council of Lake County May 19, 2010

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Results of Lake County Survey. Ferron & Associates for Children s Council of Lake County May 19, 2010 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Results of Lake County 2009-2010 Survey Ferron & Associates for Children s Council of Lake County May 19, 2010 Early Death Disease & Disability Health-Risk Behaviors

More information

Chapter 2--Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing

Chapter 2--Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing Chapter 2--Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing Student: 1. Statistical procedures that summarize and describe a series of observations are called A. inferential statistics. B. descriptive statistics.

More information

Lecture Outline. Biost 517 Applied Biostatistics I. Purpose of Descriptive Statistics. Purpose of Descriptive Statistics

Lecture Outline. Biost 517 Applied Biostatistics I. Purpose of Descriptive Statistics. Purpose of Descriptive Statistics Biost 517 Applied Biostatistics I Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Biostatistics University of Washington Lecture 3: Overview of Descriptive Statistics October 3, 2005 Lecture Outline Purpose

More information

Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Women

Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Women Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Women Nam-Soon Kim Research Fellow, KIHASA Introduction Depression refers to a psychiatric condition exemplified by diminution of interest, changes in appetite

More information

Math Workshop On-Line Tutorial Judi Manola Paul Catalano. Slide 1. Slide 3

Math Workshop On-Line Tutorial Judi Manola Paul Catalano. Slide 1. Slide 3 Kinds of Numbers and Data First we re going to think about the kinds of numbers you will use in the problems you will encounter in your studies. Then we will expand a bit and think about kinds of data.

More information

Next, I m going to ask you to read several statements. After you read each statement, circle the number that best represents how you feel.

Next, I m going to ask you to read several statements. After you read each statement, circle the number that best represents how you feel. Participant ID: Interviewer: Date: / / The [clinic name], Devers Eye Institute, and the Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board are doing a survey about beliefs and behaviors related to eye health

More information

Introduction to biostatistics & Levels of measurement

Introduction to biostatistics & Levels of measurement Introduction to biostatistics & Levels of measurement Objectives: Definition of statistics and biostatistics To understand different Levels of measurements To understand different Types of data To use

More information

Math Workshop On-Line Tutorial Judi Manola Paul Catalano

Math Workshop On-Line Tutorial Judi Manola Paul Catalano Math Workshop On-Line Tutorial Judi Manola Paul Catalano 1 Session 1 Kinds of Numbers and Data, Fractions, Negative Numbers, Rounding, Averaging, Properties of Real Numbers, Exponents and Square Roots,

More information

UNDERSTANDING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

UNDERSTANDING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH UNIT I Structure UNDERSTANDING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Kiran Prasad Understanding Quantitative Research 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Foregrounding Quantitative Research 1.4 Concepts and Constructs

More information

UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS CSIS6813 MODULE TEST 2

UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS CSIS6813 MODULE TEST 2 UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS CSIS6813 MODULE TEST 2 DATE: 3 May 2017 MARKS: 75 ASSESSOR: Prof PJ Blignaut MODERATOR: Prof C de Villiers (UP) TIME: 2 hours

More information

2 nd Annual Internatioanl Conference on Nursing, 2-5 May 2016, Athens Greece

2 nd Annual Internatioanl Conference on Nursing, 2-5 May 2016, Athens Greece SELF ESTEEM AND SOCIAL VIEW ANXIETY IN COSMETIC SURGERY PATIENT Hayriye ÜNLÜ Assoc. Prof. Nevin DOĞAN Lecturer Baskent University Health Sciences Faculty, Department Of Nursing 2 nd Annual Internatioanl

More information

Unit 7 Comparisons and Relationships

Unit 7 Comparisons and Relationships Unit 7 Comparisons and Relationships Objectives: To understand the distinction between making a comparison and describing a relationship To select appropriate graphical displays for making comparisons

More information

Sociology 4 Winter PART ONE -- Based on Baker, Doing Social Research, pp , and lecture. Circle the one best answer for each.

Sociology 4 Winter PART ONE -- Based on Baker, Doing Social Research, pp , and lecture. Circle the one best answer for each. Sociology 4 Winter 2006 Assignment #2 NAME Discussion Section Time PART ONE -- Based on Baker, Doing Social Research, pp. 102-131, and lecture. Circle the one best answer for each. 1. A definition which

More information

HDFS Methods Review Guide. Created by Amanda Leggett and Jennifer Morack. Fall 2011

HDFS Methods Review Guide. Created by Amanda Leggett and Jennifer Morack. Fall 2011 1 HDFS Methods Review Guide Created by Amanda Leggett and Jennifer Morack Fall 2011 Are you in 400 level classes but have forgotten some of your 312W basics? This guide is for you! Table of Contents: 1.

More information

Ch. 11 Measurement. Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor A Core Course for M.S. Technology Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus

Ch. 11 Measurement. Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor  A Core Course for M.S. Technology Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus TECH 646 Analysis of Research in Industry and Technology PART III The Sources and Collection of data: Measurement, Measurement Scales, Questionnaires & Instruments, Sampling Ch. 11 Measurement Lecture

More information

CHAPTER 2. MEASURING AND DESCRIBING VARIABLES

CHAPTER 2. MEASURING AND DESCRIBING VARIABLES 4 Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2. MEASURING AND DESCRIBING VARIABLES 1. A. Age: name/interval; military dictatorship: value/nominal; strongly oppose: value/ ordinal; election year: name/interval; 62 percent: value/interval;

More information

Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter. 12 (2). April 2008 (p )

Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter. 12 (2). April 2008 (p ) Rasch Measurementt iin Language Educattiion Partt 2:: Measurementt Scalles and Invariiance by James Sick, Ed.D. (J. F. Oberlin University, Tokyo) Part 1 of this series presented an overview of Rasch measurement

More information

9.63 Laboratory in Cognitive Science

9.63 Laboratory in Cognitive Science 9.63 Laboratory in Cognitive Science Fall 2005 Course 2b Variables, Controls Aude Oliva Ben Balas, Charles Kemp Science is: Scientific Thinking 1. Empirical Based on observations 2. Objective Observations

More information

AP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology

AP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology AP Psychology -- Chapter 02 Review Research Methods in Psychology 1. In the opening vignette, to what was Alicia's condition linked? The death of her parents and only brother 2. What did Pennebaker s study

More information

C-1: Variables which are measured on a continuous scale are described in terms of three key characteristics central tendency, variability, and shape.

C-1: Variables which are measured on a continuous scale are described in terms of three key characteristics central tendency, variability, and shape. MODULE 02: DESCRIBING DT SECTION C: KEY POINTS C-1: Variables which are measured on a continuous scale are described in terms of three key characteristics central tendency, variability, and shape. C-2:

More information

Ch 1.1 & 1.2 Basic Definitions for Statistics

Ch 1.1 & 1.2 Basic Definitions for Statistics Ch 1.1 & 1.2 Basic Definitions for Statistics Objective A : Basic Definition A1. Definition What is Statistics? Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing data to draw

More information

Lunchtime Seminar. Risper Awuor, Ph.D. Department of Graduate Educational and Leadership. January 30, 2013

Lunchtime Seminar. Risper Awuor, Ph.D. Department of Graduate Educational and Leadership. January 30, 2013 Lunchtime Seminar Risper Awuor, Ph.D. Department of Graduate Educational and Leadership January 30, 2013 Scales of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Scales of Measurement Nominal names assigned

More information

Ch. 1 Collecting and Displaying Data

Ch. 1 Collecting and Displaying Data Ch. 1 Collecting and Displaying Data In the first two sections of this chapter you will learn about sampling techniques and the different levels of measurement for a variable. It is important that you

More information

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka Postgraduate Diploma in Business Finance and Strategy Quantitative Methods for Business Studies Handout 01: Basic Statistics What is Statistics? Statistics

More information

Ch. 11 Measurement. Measurement

Ch. 11 Measurement. Measurement TECH 646 Analysis of Research in Industry and Technology PART III The Sources and Collection of data: Measurement, Measurement Scales, Questionnaires & Instruments, Sampling Ch. 11 Measurement Lecture

More information

Center for Urban Initiatives and Research Wisconsin Public Health Survey December 2011 N=626. Frequency Tables (Weighted)

Center for Urban Initiatives and Research Wisconsin Public Health Survey December 2011 N=626. Frequency Tables (Weighted) Center for Urban Initiatives and Research Wisconsin Public Health Survey December 2011 N=626 Tables (Weighted) Section 1: Opinions about chronic disease, health care funding, and chronic disease-related

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Supplementary Figure S1. Cohort definition flow chart.

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. Supplementary Figure S1. Cohort definition flow chart. Supplementary Figure S1. Cohort definition flow chart. Supplementary Table S1. Baseline characteristics of study population grouped according to having developed incident CKD during the follow-up or not

More information

Chapter 4: Defining and Measuring Variables

Chapter 4: Defining and Measuring Variables Chapter 4: Defining and Measuring Variables A. LEARNING OUTCOMES. After studying this chapter students should be able to: Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative, discrete and continuous, and

More information

INITIAL ASSESSMENT (TCU METHADONE OUTPATIENT FORMS)

INITIAL ASSESSMENT (TCU METHADONE OUTPATIENT FORMS) INITIAL ASSESSMENT (TCU METHADONE OUTPATIENT FORMS) [FORM 200; CARD 01] A. SITE:... [6] B. CLIENT ID NUMBER:... [7-10] C. SOURCE OF REFERRAL:... [11] 1. None/self 5. Other drug treatment program 2. Family

More information

Test Bank for Privitera, Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

Test Bank for Privitera, Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 1. The use of tables and graphs to summarize data is an example of A) inferential statistics B) interpretation C) descriptive statistics D) generalization 2. Statistical analysis allows researchers to

More information

Masters of Business Administration. MBA Semester-3. Assignments

Masters of Business Administration. MBA Semester-3. Assignments Summer 2014 Exam Oct/Nov 2014 Masters of Business Administration MBA Semester-3 MB0050 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Assignments Q1. How would you distinguish between a management decision problem and a management

More information

GENERAL INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL REFERRAL INFORMATION

GENERAL INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL REFERRAL INFORMATION SO THAT WE MAY BETTER SERVE YOU, PLEASE COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING FORM AND EITHER BRING THE COMPLETED FORM WITH YOU TO YOUR FIRST APPOINTEMNT OR SCAN IT AND EMAIL IT TO OFFICE, PRIOR TO YOUR APPOINTMENT LORRAINE@ANALIPSONMD.COM

More information

VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT

VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT ARTHUR SYC 204 (EXERIMENTAL SYCHOLOGY) 16A LECTURE NOTES [01/29/16] VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT AGE 1 Topic #3 VARIABLES AND MEASUREMENT VARIABLES Some definitions of variables include the following: 1.

More information

Chapter 2 Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing MULTIPLE CHOICE

Chapter 2 Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing MULTIPLE CHOICE Chapter 2 Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When you assert that it is improbable that the mean intelligence test score of a particular group is 100, you are using. a. descriptive

More information

PÄIVI KARHU THE THEORY OF MEASUREMENT

PÄIVI KARHU THE THEORY OF MEASUREMENT PÄIVI KARHU THE THEORY OF MEASUREMENT AGENDA 1. Quality of Measurement a) Validity Definition and Types of validity Assessment of validity Threats of Validity b) Reliability True Score Theory Definition

More information

QMS102- Business Statistics I Chapter1and 3

QMS102- Business Statistics I Chapter1and 3 1. Techniques used to organize, summarize and present data that have been collected are called A. descriptive statistics B. inferential statistics C. Sample D. population 2. The collection of all possible

More information

Rubin Adams IMPROVING ATTENTION AND FOCUS OF LEARNERS

Rubin Adams IMPROVING ATTENTION AND FOCUS OF LEARNERS Rubin Adams IMPROVING ATTENTION AND FOCUS OF LEARNERS SELF REGULATION Convergence of evidence pointing to the fact that early childhood is the period when practicing self regulated behavior has the most

More information

32.5. percent of U.S. manufacturers experiencing unfair currency manipulation in the trade practices of other countries.

32.5. percent of U.S. manufacturers experiencing unfair currency manipulation in the trade practices of other countries. TECH 646 Analysis of Research in Industry and Technology PART III The Sources and Collection of data: Measurement, Measurement Scales, Questionnaires & Instruments, Sampling Ch. 11 Measurement Lecture

More information

Psychology Research Process

Psychology Research Process Psychology Research Process Logical Processes Induction Observation/Association/Using Correlation Trying to assess, through observation of a large group/sample, what is associated with what? Examples:

More information

Introduction to Statistics

Introduction to Statistics Introduction to Statistics Parameter: measurable characteristic of a population. Population: all members of a definable group. For statistical purposes a population must have definable characteristics

More information

Issues in Women & Minority Health

Issues in Women & Minority Health Issues in Women & Minority Health Dr. Dawn Upchurch Professor Department of Community Health Sciences PH 150 Dr. Upchurch 1 Overview of Session HP 2010 Model: Determinants of Health Review of HP 2010 Goals

More information

CHAPTER 4 THE QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN /SOLUTION DESIGN. This chapter contains explanations that become a basic knowledge to create a good

CHAPTER 4 THE QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN /SOLUTION DESIGN. This chapter contains explanations that become a basic knowledge to create a good CHAPTER 4 THE QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN /SOLUTION DESIGN This chapter contains explanations that become a basic knowledge to create a good questionnaire which is able to meet its objective. Just like the thesis

More information

Midterm project due next Wednesday at 2 PM

Midterm project due next Wednesday at 2 PM Course Business Midterm project due next Wednesday at 2 PM Please submit on CourseWeb Next week s class: Discuss current use of mixed-effects models in the literature Short lecture on effect size & statistical

More information

MINDFUL WELLNESS CENTER, PLLC

MINDFUL WELLNESS CENTER, PLLC PATIENT HISTORY NAME DATE PLEASE TAKE YOUR TIME AND COMPLETE THE ENTIRE FORM. You may use the back if needed for more explanation. Identifying Information: Date of Birth: Age: Sex: Place of Birth: Religion:

More information

Chapter 11 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research Steps in Nonexperimental Research

Chapter 11 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research Steps in Nonexperimental Research Chapter 11 Nonexperimental Quantitative Research (Reminder: Don t forget to utilize the concept maps and study questions as you study this and the other chapters.) Nonexperimental research is needed because

More information

Variables and Scale Measurement (Revisited) Lulu Eva Rakhmilla, dr., M.KM Epidemiology and Biostatistics 2013

Variables and Scale Measurement (Revisited) Lulu Eva Rakhmilla, dr., M.KM Epidemiology and Biostatistics 2013 Variables and Scale Measurement (Revisited) Lulu Eva Rakhmilla, dr., M.KM Epidemiology and Biostatistics 2013 The Research Process Selecting research area Report writing Formulating research questions

More information

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs SIXTH EDITION 1 Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs Statistics (stats) is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the organization, analysis, and interpretation of a group

More information

Designing Psychology Experiments: Data Analysis and Presentation

Designing Psychology Experiments: Data Analysis and Presentation Data Analysis and Presentation Review of Chapter 4: Designing Experiments Develop Hypothesis (or Hypotheses) from Theory Independent Variable(s) and Dependent Variable(s) Operational Definitions of each

More information

Independent Variable. The Scientific Method and Variables. Dependent Variable. Snappy Practice:

Independent Variable. The Scientific Method and Variables. Dependent Variable. Snappy Practice: The Scientific Method and Variables In every experiment, a scientist is trying to explore a problem or answer a question. To do this, you are testing the relationship between two different things called

More information

STA Module 1 The Nature of Statistics. Rev.F07 1

STA Module 1 The Nature of Statistics. Rev.F07 1 STA 2023 Module 1 The Nature of Statistics Rev.F07 1 Learning Objectives 1. Classify a statistical study as either descriptive or inferential. 2. Identify the population and the sample in an inferential

More information

STA Rev. F Module 1 The Nature of Statistics. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (cont.

STA Rev. F Module 1 The Nature of Statistics. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives (cont. STA 2023 Module 1 The Nature of Statistics Rev.F07 1 Learning Objectives 1. Classify a statistical study as either descriptive or inferential. 2. Identify the population and the sample in an inferential

More information

Determining Whether or Not Dental Students Will Immediately Enter Private Practice Upon Graduation. Raymond A. Kuthy Sarah E.

Determining Whether or Not Dental Students Will Immediately Enter Private Practice Upon Graduation. Raymond A. Kuthy Sarah E. Determining Whether or Not Dental Students Will Immediately Enter Private Practice Upon Graduation Raymond A. Kuthy Sarah E. Allen Fang Qian Background Unlike our medical colleagues, it is just assumed

More information

H CAHPS Results for End of Sept 2010 Dec 2010

H CAHPS Results for End of Sept 2010 Dec 2010 H CAHPS Results for End of Sept 2010 Dec 2010 34 patients to be contacted 23 successfully contacted 11 could not be reached (never answered phone) Note: Intracranial pts and non elective admissions excluded

More information

BIOSTATISTICS. Dr. Hamza Aduraidi

BIOSTATISTICS. Dr. Hamza Aduraidi BIOSTATISTICS Dr. Hamza Aduraidi Unit One INTRODUCTION Biostatistics It can be defined as the application of the mathematical tools used in statistics to the fields of biological sciences and medicine.

More information

Do Now Prob & Stats 8/26/14 What conclusions can you draw from this bar graph?

Do Now Prob & Stats 8/26/14 What conclusions can you draw from this bar graph? Do Now Prob & Stats 8/26/14 What conclusions can you draw from this bar graph? Probability & Statistics Section 1 1 What Is Statistics? Vocabulary: Statistics: the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing,

More information

R emember when you first learned nursery rhymes such as Three Blind

R emember when you first learned nursery rhymes such as Three Blind 01-Kurpius-4689.qxd 7/11/2005 7:44 PM Page 1 CHAPTER 1 What Is a Number? Is a Rose Always a Rose? R emember when you first learned nursery rhymes such as Three Blind Mice or watched Count Dracula on Sesame

More information

Statistics Lecture 4. Lecture objectives - Definitions of statistics. -Types of statistics -Nature of data -Levels of measurement

Statistics Lecture 4. Lecture objectives - Definitions of statistics. -Types of statistics -Nature of data -Levels of measurement Statistics Lecture 4 Introduction of statistics By Dr.Chelli Lecture objectives - Definitions of statistics -Types of statistics -Nature of data -Levels of measurement - Introduction The study of statistics

More information

Fall 2013 Psych 250 Lecture 4 Ch. 4. Data and the Nature of Measurement

Fall 2013 Psych 250 Lecture 4 Ch. 4. Data and the Nature of Measurement Fall 2013 Psych 250 Lecture 4 Ch. 4 Data and the Nature of Measurement whatever level of constraint Data Data = Numbers Numbers can be informative.or not Data & Measurement Data = Numbers Data = plural

More information

Quantitative research Methods. Tiny Jaarsma

Quantitative research Methods. Tiny Jaarsma Quantitative research Methods Tiny Jaarsma 2018-02-26 2 The scientific method A few specific reflection on quantitative issues Randomization Intervention Blinding Sampling The scientific method: fundamentals

More information

Figure: Presentation slides:

Figure:  Presentation slides: Joni Lakin David Shannon Margaret Ross Abbot Packard Auburn University Auburn University Auburn University University of West Georgia Figure: http://www.auburn.edu/~jml0035/eera_chart.pdf Presentation

More information

Daniel Boduszek University of Huddersfield

Daniel Boduszek University of Huddersfield Daniel Boduszek University of Huddersfield d.boduszek@hud.ac.uk Introduction to Logistic Regression SPSS procedure of LR Interpretation of SPSS output Presenting results from LR Logistic regression is

More information

Research Landscape. Qualitative = Constructivist approach. Quantitative = Positivist/post-positivist approach Mixed methods = Pragmatist approach

Research Landscape. Qualitative = Constructivist approach. Quantitative = Positivist/post-positivist approach Mixed methods = Pragmatist approach Empirical Methods Research Landscape Qualitative = Constructivist approach Build theory from data Quantitative = Positivist/post-positivist approach Mixed methods = Pragmatist approach Experimental Analysis

More information

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics Statistics, Science, and Observations Definition: The term statistics refers to a set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information.

More information

POL 242Y Final Test (Take Home) Name

POL 242Y Final Test (Take Home) Name POL 242Y Final Test (Take Home) Name_ Due August 6, 2008 The take-home final test should be returned in the classroom (FE 36) by the end of the class on August 6. Students who fail to submit the final

More information

Treatment disparities for patients diagnosed with metastatic bladder cancer in California

Treatment disparities for patients diagnosed with metastatic bladder cancer in California Treatment disparities for patients diagnosed with metastatic bladder cancer in California Rosemary D. Cress, Dr. PH, Amy Klapheke, MPH Public Health Institute Cancer Registry of Greater California Introduction

More information

VARIABLES AND THEIR DESCRIPTION

VARIABLES AND THEIR DESCRIPTION Variables 1 TOPICS 1. What is a Variable 2. Definitions 3. Functions of Variables 4. Measurement Scale of Variables VARIABLES AND THEIR DESCRIPTION What is a Variable? Variables are the building blocks

More information

Non-Randomized Trials

Non-Randomized Trials Non-Randomized Trials ADA Research Toolkit ADA Research Committee 2011 American Dietetic Association. This presentation may be used for educational purposes Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation

More information

LYMPHOEDEMA NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE -BREAST CANCER (LNQ-BC)

LYMPHOEDEMA NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE -BREAST CANCER (LNQ-BC) LYMPHOEDEMA NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE -BREAST CANCER (LNQ-BC) This survey was developed by: The Cancer Education Research Program Locked Bag 10 WALLSEND NSW 2289 ph: 4924 6372 fax: 4924 6208 email: cerp@newcastle.edu.au

More information

Introduction to Statistics. Mahmoud Alhussami, DSc., PhD.

Introduction to Statistics. Mahmoud Alhussami, DSc., PhD. Introduction to Statistics Mahmoud Alhussami, DSc., PhD. Course Objectives Understand the basic statistical concepts and their application to health care research Differentiate between parametric and nonparametric

More information

Research Questions, Variables, and Hypotheses: Part 1. Overview. Research Questions RCS /2/04

Research Questions, Variables, and Hypotheses: Part 1. Overview. Research Questions RCS /2/04 Research Questions, Variables, and Hypotheses: Part 1 RCS 6740 6/2/04 Overview Research always starts from somewhere! Ideas to conduct research projects come from: Prior Experience Recent Literature Personal

More information

One-Way ANOVAs t-test two statistically significant Type I error alpha null hypothesis dependant variable Independent variable three levels;

One-Way ANOVAs t-test two statistically significant Type I error alpha null hypothesis dependant variable Independent variable three levels; 1 One-Way ANOVAs We have already discussed the t-test. The t-test is used for comparing the means of two groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. The t-test

More information

Variable Included. Excluded. Included. Excluded

Variable Included. Excluded. Included. Excluded Table S1. Baseline characteristics of patients included in the analysis and those excluded patients because of missing baseline serumj bicarbonate levels, stratified by dialysis modality. Variable HD patients

More information

1 The What and the Why of Statistics

1 The What and the Why of Statistics 1 The What and the Why of Statistics Introduction The Research Process Asking Research Questions The Role of Theory Formulating the Hypotheses Independent and Dependent Variables: Causality Independent

More information

Introduction to Statistics and Research Design. Arlo Clark-Foos

Introduction to Statistics and Research Design. Arlo Clark-Foos Introduction to Statistics and Research Design Arlo Clark-Foos Dr. John Snow and Cholera 1854.London Two Branches of Statistics Descriptive Statistics Organize, summarize, & communicate Reduce large amounts

More information