Chapter. A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e. Slides by Dan Cavanaugh

Transcription

1 1 Chapter A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e Slides by Dan Cavanaugh This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program Background photo source: GoGo Images Corporation/Alamy Royalty Free

2 Seeing the Broader Social Context How Groups Influence People How People are Influenced by Their Society People Who Share a Culture People Who Share a Territory 2

3 Social Location - Corners in Life Jobs Income Education Gender Age Race/Ethnicity 3

4 C. Wright Mills - History and Biography History - Location in Broad Stream of Events Biography - Individual s Specific Experiences 4

5 The Global Context and the Local The Global Village Instant Communication Sociology Studies both the Global Network and Our Unique Experiences 5

6 Sociology and the Other Sciences The Natural Sciences Explain and Predict Events in Natural Environment The Social Sciences Examine Human Relationships 6

7 Sociology and the Other Sciences Anthropology Studies Culture Economics Studies the Production and Distribution of Goods and Services Political Science Studies How People Govern Themselves 7

8 Sociology and the Other Sciences Psychology The Study of Processes Within Individuals Sociology Similarities to Other Disciplines 8

9 The Goal of Science Explain Why Something Happens Make Generalizations Look for Patterns Predict What will Happen Move Beyond Common Sense 9

10 Risks of Sociology Nooks and Crannies People Prefer Hidden People Attempt to Keep Secrets People Feel Threatened by Information 10

11 Origins of Sociology Tradition vs. Science The Industrial Revolution Grew Out of Social Upheaval Imperialism of the Time Rise of the Scientific Method 11

12 Auguste Comte and Positivism Applying the Scientific Method to Social World Coined the Term Sociology Armchair Philosophy 12

13 Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism Second Founder of Sociology Lower and Higher Forms of Society Coined Phrase Survival of the Fittest 13

14 Karl Marx and Class Conflict Engine of Human History is Class Conflict The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat Marxism Not the Same as Communism 14

15 Durkheim and Social Integration Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior Identified Social Integration - Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group 15

16 Source: By the author. Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007x, and earlier years Suicide Patterns Consistent Can Predict the Number Can Predict the Ways 16

17 Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic Religion and the Origin of Capitalism Religion is Central Force in Social Change Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism 17

18 Values in Sociological Research Sociology Should be Value-Free Sociology Should be Objective Research Should Involve Replication Goals and Uses of Sociology 18

19 19

20 Verstehen and Social Facts Weber Verstehen - To Grasp by Insight Importance of Subjective Meanings Durkheim Stressed Social Facts Explain Social Facts with Other Social Facts How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together 20

21 Sociology in North America First Took Root in 1890 at University of Kansas Spread Rapidly in Next 20 Years Not at Harvard until 1930 American Journal of Sociology

22 Sexism in Early Sociology Attitudes of the Time 1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined Few People Educated Beyond Basics Harriet Martineau Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born Her Work was Ignored 22

23 Racism at the Time: W.E.B Du Bois B.A. from Fisk University First Harvard Ph.D. for African American Published a Book Each Year from Neglected by Sociologist Until Recently 23

24 Jane Addams: Sociologist and Social Reformer Member of American Sociological Society from Start Came from Background of Wealth and Privilege Co-Founded Hull House Co-Founded American Civil Liberties Union 24

25 Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills Parsons Developed Objective Analysis and Models of Society Mills Deplored Theoretical Abstractions in Favor of Social Reform Continuing Tension in Sociology 25

26 26

27 Theoretical Perspectives Symbolic Interactionism - How People Use Symbols in Everyday Life Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Changing the Meaning of Symbols Affects Expectations 27

28 Theoretical Perspectives 28

29 Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Examples The Meaning of Marriage The Meaning of Divorce 29

30 30

31 Applying Symbolic Interactionism - Examples The Meaning of Parenthood The Meaning of Love 31

32 Functional Analysis Society is a Whole Unit Made Up of Interrelated Parts that Work Together Functionalism, Structural Functionalism 32

33 Robert Merton and Functionalism Functions Manifest Latent Dysfunctions 33

34 Applying Functional Analysis Economic Teams Education of Children Teaching of Religion Care of the Sick and Elderly 34

35 Applying Functional Analysis A Glimpse of the Past s Changes in the Functions of Family Friends 35

36 Conflict Theory Karl Marx and Conflict Theory Conflict Theory Today Feminists and Conflict Theory Applying Conflict Theory 36

37 Levels of Analysis Functionalists and Conflict Theorists - Macro Level Symbolic Interactionists - Micro Level 37

38 38

39 39

40 40

41 Trends Shaping the Future Sociology Full Circle: Reform vs. Research - Three Stages Diversity of Orientations Public Sociology Globalization 41

42 42

43