The Role and Importance of Research
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1 The Role and Importance of Research What Research Is and Isn t A Model of Scientific Inquiry Different Types of Research Experimental Research What Method to Use When Applied and Basic Research Increasing our understanding of how and why we behave the way we do!! Organizes information Helps explain past events Predicts new events Past research guides new research Research is NOT copying the work of others 1
2 Repeatability is a sign of credible science Replication guides future research Research should apply to situations outside of the study setting It is based on some logical rationale It is tied to theory Good research questions can be translated into projects that can be done! Research generates new questions Research is incremental Research should have the betterment of society as its ultimate goal 2
3 A shared philosophical approach to understanding the world A standard sequence of steps in formulating and answering questions Asking a question Identifying a need The steps in the research process Not fully investigated Advance understanding Can be investigated Are interesting Lead to more questions If then statements Objective extension of the original question In a testable form 3
4 Hypotheses posit a relationship between different factors Data are collected that will confirm or refute the hypothesis Hypotheses are testable (not provable) Inferential statistics Separate effects of factors from effects of chance Assign a probability level to obtained data If the hypothesis is confirmed Plan new research If the hypothesis is refuted Try to understand what other factors might be important Theories can be modified Leading to new questions Nature of question asked Method used to answer question Degree of precision of method 4
5 Describe relationships between variables Cannot test cause-and-effect relationships Descriptive Historical Correlational Qualitative Describes characteristics of existing phenomena Provides a broad picture Serves as a basis for other types of research Describes past events in the context of other past or current events Primary and secondary sources of data Asks what several events have in common Asks whether knowing one event can allow prediction of another event Does not imply causation 5
6 Examines behavior in natural social, cultural, and political contexts Usually results in non-quantitative data Tries to discover causal relationships Two types: True experimental research Quasi-experimental research Participants assigned to groups Treatment variable is controlled by researcher Control of potential causes of behavior Participants are preassigned to groups Useful when researcher cannot manipulate variables 6
7 Basic research has no immediate application Applied research has immediate applications Define basic terms related to research and the scientific method. List eight (8) characteristics of high-quality research. Summarize the eight (8) steps in the scientific method. Describe the difference between experimental and nonexperimental research. List the three (3) different types of nonexperimental research designs. List the two (2) types of experimental research designs. Distinguish between basic research and applied research. Explain why a strong scientific method of inquiry will lead to valuable information regardless of significant or nonsignificant findings. 7
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