Women s Agency in India : Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration for Empowering Society

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1 Session :Implementation: Analytics, Intelligence and Derivatives of Geostats Integration for Business and Society Women s Agency in India : Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration for Empowering Society Dr.Seema Mehra Parihar Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College University of Delhi smparihar@gmail.com

2 Key Words A Question of Resources, Entitlement or Conflicts Gender Parity Women s Agency Resources NRM Analytics and Derivatives of Geostats Integration ENTITLEMENT GENDER MAINSTREAMING for empowering Society and upholding SDG s CONFLICTS 2

3 ? WHY NOW???? Why today in this session 1. Because we all together dream for equality and empowerment 2. We all understand the power of geospatial tools and geostats integration.? GENDER PARITY??? 1. We need to understand the idea of Women s Agency? 2. Spaces of Conflict have Geospatial multiplied & Statistics : Hyderabad??? 2/20/2017 3

4 Paper is based on Convergence Project (Series 1 & Series 2) & emerging Analytics 82% women thinks internet provides them FREEDOM 73% women abused online Seema Mehra Parihar & Rashmi Singh Principal Investigator: Seema Mehra Parihar 4

5 5

6 Let us understand Women s Agency Agency encompasses the ability to formulate strategic choices, to gain autonomy, and to control resources and decisions that affect important life outcomes Absence of Agency restricts the conversion of capabilities/ Entitlement into Value. COMPLEX GROUP OF: Sexual Agency Rights Skills Knowledge Personal Abilities Personal Authorities This demands Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration 6

7 Data Base District/State/Union Territories 7

8 Are Genders at Parity? 8

9 Let us probe little deeper statistically Thinking Spatially

10 Visualizing facts SPATIALLY 10

11 Role of Women Agency Entitle ment/ Attain ment Factors Affecting Freedom/ Agency Well- Being/Va lue of Entiltlem ent A question arises that does gender equality in terms of the so-called equal distribution of resources or entitlements as that of men be termed as women empowerment. There is a mediating factor here between equality and empowerment, in the form of agency of women that determines if these resources can be realized to their potential. This paper makes an attempt to address this question, emphasizing the role of agency or the absence of same as a contributing factor to women empowerment in India. And also emphasising that geostats integration is required. 11

12 Research Methodology-LEVEL 1 STEP 1 Convert the achievements of women into Indices Use the Principal Component Analysis of Tetrachoric Correlation Matrix STEP 2 Construct Decision Making Index Construct 'Mobility Index' STEP 3 Run Two Separate OLS Regressions Explained Variables: 'Decision Making Index' and 'Mobility Index' Explanatory Variables: Factors influecing women agency -Conversion factors after controlling for the resources under the constraints of data 12

13 Research Methodology- level 2 13

14 DELPHI METHOD + FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM-LEVEL3 14

15 RESEARCH FINDINGS: 15

16 3 EXAMPLES Across geographies and scale 16

17 Gender has a future with the presence of visible gendered spaces (Parihar,2015) RESEARCH FINDINGS: Example 1 : Himalayas : This study DEMONSTRATED the relevance of Women s Agency in the HIMALAYAS: (i) INTRINSIC RELEVENCE: Women s Agency has intrinsic relevance in the Garhwal Himalayas for women s individual wellbeing and quality of life. (50%-67%) (ii) INSTRUMENTAL RELEVENCE: Women s Agency has instrumental relevance in the Garhwal Himalayas for actions that improve the well-being of women and their families. (40%-57%) (iii) SOCIETY/STATE RELEVENCE: it is required if women are to play an active role in shaping institutions, social norms, and the well-being of their communities (80-90%) As a mukhiya I have the responsibility not only to manage my household but to 2/20/2017 manage the problems faced in Geospatial my village & Statistics daily. : Hyderabad 17

18 Women s Agency in the Himalayas QUESTION OF??? Resources Entitlements CONFLICTS FINDING VERY LESS LESS MANY Entrenched differences exist between women s and men s capacity to exercise agency defined as the ability to make effective choices both in the household and in society more 2/20/2017 Geospatial & Statistics broadly. : Hyderabad 18

19 Table 1: The Linkages of Women Agency CASE 2 : WOMEN AGENCY IN INDIA: WHAT REALLY MATTERS? RESOURCES CONVERSION FACTORS ACHIEVEMENTS Individual Characteristics At Individual Level 1. Decision making ability 1. Schooling 1. Age 2. Mobility 1. Media Exposure 2. Age at the time of Gauna 3. Freedom of sexual behavior 1. Employment 3. Age at the time of first child 4. Domestic Violence Household Characteristics 4. Domestic duties 5. Job for cash 1. Education of Parents 5. Number of Children 6. Owning a bank account 1. Education of Husband 6. Gender Composition of and his parents Children 1. Gender Composition of 7. Cultural Norms Siblings 1. Wealth Quintile At Societal Level 1. Caste 2. Exogamy 3. Religion 4. Type of residence The research attempts to study the impact of conversion factors (both individual and societal) on achievements of Indian married women after controlling for the resources using IHDS-II dataset. Ordinal logit modelling is adopted for the present study. The decision making ability of the woman is presented as an ordinal outcome variable which takes the value on the scale of 0 to 8, higher value depicting higher decision making ability. Similarly, mobility is an ordinal outcome variable on the scale of 0 to 7, higher value associated with higher mobility. 19 Number of Observations

20 Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration for Empowering Society Education level of woman fails to influence the household decision making ability. It is overshadowed by following parameters: early marriage age, practice of purdah system, unemployed status the patriarchal mindset in the household The negative impact of male literacy/ education on woman s decision making power in the household is worth investigating. It implies that the impact of literacy/ education is gender specific as educating a mother is increasing the decision making power of the daughter whereas in the case of father education, her proportionate share in household bargaining is decreasing. The policy perspective is that mere focusing on increasing male adult literacy may not be sufficient in itself and there is a complementary need to change the patriarchal mindset among males. 20

21 Usefulness for the Policy Makers 21

22 Example 3:. Where women s agency has increased, it has led to improvements in women s welfare and that of their children; yet shifts in agency have generally proven difficult to achieve. 22

23 Women s collective voice will create an environment where women s voice can coalesce into a collective voice promoting women s agency and greater gender equality. SPATIAL THINKING GEOSPATIAL ANALYTICS GEOSTATS INTEGRATION THANKS smparihar@gmail.com INFORMED DECISION MAKING 2/20/2017 Geospatial & Statistics seema.genderatlas@gmail.com : Hyderabad 23

24 Thanks

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