Motivation and Emotion

Transcription

1 Motivation and Emotion

2 Definitions Motivation: what drives us to seek a specific goal Emotion: a state of body that causes feelings. Both involve physiological and psychological factors.

3 Physiological Factors Controls basic needs and desires such as pleasure, pain, fear, rage, hunger and thirst Responsible for emotional responses of aggression and fear Registers and controls activity level, increases excitement and helps generate sleep

4 Physiological Factors (cont) The gland that controls other glands and hormones, as well as producing its own growth hormone. Secretes adrenaline which stirs up the body, changes breathing, perspiration, heart rate and so on. The male and female sex glands that produce androgens and estrogen

5 Motivational Forces Drives which include hunger, thirst, and other various needs that are not directly to survival. The drives operate in cycles and are designed to keep the body in a state of physical equilibrium or balance. This balance is called homeostasis.

6 Factors in Hunger and Obesity Hypothalamus: tracks the level of glucose sugar is in the bloodstream. Metabolism: determines the speed at which your body uses energy Set Points: a regulating mechanism that determines what a person s weight should be. Set points vary from person to person.

7 Factors in Hunger and Obesity (cont) Genetics: set point, fat ration, and taste preferences have hereditary bases. Food Preferences: taste affects how much and what types of food are eaten. Looks of Food: appearance, like taste, affects food intake. Obese people sometimes use the look of food as an external cue to eat.

8 Factors in hunger and obesity (cont) Stress Levels: many overweight people tend to eat whenever they are under stress. Dietary Problems: anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive eating all affect attitudes toward obesity.

9 Thirst The human body is made of 65-70% water The body can store fat, but not water The hypothalamus registers the dryness of the tongue, temperature of the body and balance of water in the body to control water intake.

10 Other kinds of motivation Curiosity Manipulation Stimulation A drive that moves a person to seek new and different things A drive that moves a person to handle and use objects in the environment The need for contact comfort (physical interactions such as rocking or touching)

11 Other kinds of motivation (cont) Intrinsic: motivation that comes within the individual Extrinsic: motivation that comes from without the individual

12 Need for stimulation Harry Harlow s experiments with monkeys showed the needs for contact comfort.

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14 Psychological Motivation Need for Approval Need for Affiliation Some people seem to want to be with other people Some people want others to like them Need for Achievement Some people have a desire for personal accomplishments.

15 Basic Emotions that all People Share Happy Sad angry scared surprised disgusted

16 Opponent-Process Theory: The presence of one strong emotion triggers its opposite, which then emerges somewhat later. Ex; laughing so hard that you cry. Cognition: Higher order thought processes which affect our emotions Situational cues help our brain interpret how we feel about a situation.

17 Emotional Intelligence Dale Goleman has proposed that the ability to deal with, feel and recognize emotion makes up what he calls emotional intelligence. Self-Awareness Harnessing Emotion Empathy Knowing feelings and why we have them. Control and respond to feelings appropriately Being sensitive to another person s emotions

18 James-Lange Theory Stimulus Body Reacts Emotion is produced Stimuli causes changes in our body such as heart beating, sweating hands, and enlarged pupils. People label these bodily reactions as fear.

19 Cannon-Bard Theory Body Reacts Stimulus Emotional Feeling The stimulus occurs and then the body reacts and produces emotion at the same time.

20 Schachter s Cognitive Theory In this theory, a stimulus occurs, and people label the emotional state. Thus, perception and expectations influence emotional responses. Stimulus Think and label the stimulus Emotion produced