Emotion induced from colour and its language expression

Transcription

1 Emotion induced from colour and its language expression Taeko NAKAMURA,* O. Promsaka Na SAKOLNAKORN, Aran HANSUEBSAI, Pontawee PUNGRASSAMEE, and Tetsuya SATO * Nara Saho College, Japan Department of Imaging and Printing Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Department of Design Engineering and Management, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan ABSTRACT In order to develop the colour system corresponded to human colour emotion, words imaged from colours were collected in Japan and Thailand. The words were compared with adjectives used in colour systems. 1. INTRODUCTION Colour can be described through some systematic methods such as colour system, colour name, and colorimetric values. The attributes of a colour system, colour names and colorimetric values are related to some of human colour emotion in many cases. English colour emotion words are used as a bridge between them. As there are usually some differences between sensations and their expressions in two language areas, it is important to investigate whether the English expression are suitable for the expression of colour emotion in the outside of English language area. The aim of this study is to know the relationship between adjectives used in colour systems and colour emotion words used in the outside of English language area. We collected colour emotion words imaged from colours in Japan and Thailand, and compared the collected words with adjectives used in colour systems. 2. METHODOLOGY In our previous studies (Nakamura et al. 1994, Pungrassamee et al. 2002), we collected many adjective words expressing colour emotion through a dictionary, and we discussed the relationship between the words and the location in Munsell colour space. We also numerically expressed some colour emotions as formulae with using CIELAB colorimetric values (Sato et al. 2000). In this study, we investigated the relationship between adjectives used in colour systems and colour emotion words used in the outside of English language area. Specifically, we asked observers to choose the word corresponding to an emotion induced from a colour. 2.1 Colour sample A set of dyed polyester colour samples, selected from the SCODTDIC PLUS 2000 polyester system manufactured by Kensaikan Co. Ltd, were used to carry out visual assessment. The samples were rectangular (1.5 cm 1.2 cm) and colours were chosen from all over colour space. Only one colour sample was chosen from a colour tone area through a hue-tone dividing method (Teraji 1991, Sato and Teraji 1989, Sato and Nakamura 1999) that allowed colour space to be split along the lines of appearance attributes. The number of the colour samples was

2 2.2 Visual assessment In order to know the relationship between a colour emotion word and a real colour, a visual assessment was carried out in both of Japan and Thailand. It was to choose emotional words induced from sample colours. The emotion words used in this study have been gathered in previous studies (Nakamura et al. 1994, Pungrassamee et al. 2002) already. The numbers of the words gathered in Japan and Thailand were 151 and 69, respectively. The visual assessments were carried out under a north-facing window in Japan and under D65 light condition with a viewing cabinet in Thailand. Each sample was covered with a light grey surround to provide uniform surround viewing conditions. 43 Japanese female students were asked to choose only one emotion word. 30 Thai observers, who use colours such as dressmakers, graphic designers and architectures, were asked to choose plural emotion words. Colour Depth D L * 0 No. Tone No. Tone 1 pale greyish 8 bright pale 9 dark greyish 3 light greyish 10 dark light moderate 11 deep 5 light 12 strong greyish 13 vivid 7 moderate MunsellC hrom a Figure 1. Colour tone system used for sampling in this study. Table 1. Adjectives used in Japanese Industrial Standards JIS Z Japanese English Symbol azayaka-na vivid vv akarui light It tsuyoi strong st koi deep dp awai pale pl yawarakai soft sf kusunda dull dl kurai dark dk goku usui very pale vp akarui haimi-no light greyish lg haimi-no greyish mg kurai haimi-no dark greyish dg goku kurai very dark vd chui-no medium md Table 2. High frequency emotion words chosen by Japanese observers. Japanese English Frequency Jimi-na plain 263 ochitsuita calm 224 shikku-na chic 175 awai pale 144 kofu-na antiquated 138 eraganto-na elegant 120 kuria-na clear 108 azayaka-na vivid 105 omoomoshii grave

3 Table 3. Colour emotion words chosen by Thai observers: Sum on every hue. Hue Number Kind Number Highest overlapped word of sample of word of overlap 5R R swang / light 5YR YR Y Y GY swang / light, sai / clear 10GY G tube / turbid 10G BG khem / deep 10BG B klam / dark, tuem / dim 10B PB PB nual / creamy 5P sod / fresh, khem / deep, tube / turbid 10P khem / deep 5RP sai / clear 10RP sod / fresh per sample Table 4. Colour emotion words chosen by Thai observers: Sum on every tone. Tone Number Kind Number Highest overlapped word of sample of word of overlap pale greyish bow / light pale nual / creamy, swang / light light greyish mou / dusky, mon / sombre light moderate nual / creamy light sai / clear greyish tube / turbid moderate khem / deep bright sod / fresh dark greyish mued / dark, tube / turbid dark khem / deep deep khem / deep strong sod / fresh per sample

4 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 shows all of adjectives added to basic hue names on Japanese Industrial Standards JIS Z The kind of the adjectives is 14, and they are 9 kinds if greyish and very are not counted. Table 2 shows high frequency emotion words more than 100 times chosen by Japanese observers in the visual assessment. The highest frequency word was jimina / plain. The frequency was 263 and it corresponds to 2.89% of the whole answers. The kind of the words chosen more than 100 times was 9. Only two words, awai / pale and azayaka-na / vivid are the same to the word used in JIS Z This means that Japanese usage of colour emotion words is not the same to the category of the systematic colour system defined in JIS. Moreover, it may differ from usage of the language in the English language area. Tables 3 and 4 show the kind of colour emotion words chosen by more than half of Thai observers on every hue and tone categories. And the numbers of the overlaps and highest overlapped words are also shown in the tables. The numbers of overlap per sample on hue and tone categories are 0.25 and 0.54, respectively. This means that some emotion words chosen by Thai observers are related to the tone categorising of the colour sample more than the hue. Table 3 shows that differences among the kind of words and number of overlaps on every hue are about the same. Table 4 shows that differences among the kind of words and number of overlaps on every tone are lager than those on hue shown is Table 3. This means that some Thai words imaged from colours are related to colour property of each tone category. It seems that the emotion words in Thai are affected by the tone although a difference is between the characteristics. With the comparison between Japanese and Thai results, we found that the usage of colour emotion words and their characteristic change with languages. Therefore, when examining the colour emotion and linguistic expression which are received from a systematic expression of a colour, and a colour among other languages, it has suggested that it needs to be cautious of the expression characteristic. We also found that we do not need only adjectives used in colour tone and name systems but also other emotion words. This has suggested a new systematic expression, in order to express more faithfully the sensation induced from colour. REFERENCES Nakamura, T., T. Sato, K. Teraji, and T. Fukuda Arrangement of color image words into the non-luminous object color space (in Japanese). Journal of the Color Science Association of Japan 18: Pungrassamee, P., A. Hansuebsai, O. Promsakha-na S., T. Sato, and T. Nakamura The arrangement of Thai color emotion words into color spaces. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Colour Emotion Research and Application. Thailand, Sato, T., and K. Teraji Study on the dividing of iso-hue plane from the standpoint of color appearance (in Japanese). Journal of the Color Science Association of Japan 13: Sato, T., and T. Nakamura Instrumental method for assessing colour tone. In Proceedings of AIC Warsaw: Central Office of Measures, Sato, T., K. Kajiwara, H. Hoshino, and T. Nakamura Quantitative evaluation and categorising of human emotion induced by colour. Advances in Colour Science and Technology 3: Teraji, K Omoshiroi Iro no Hanashi (in Japanese). Nikkan Kogyo Shinbun-sha, p s: Address: Aran Hansuebsai, Dept. of Imaging and Printing Technology Chulalongkom University, Phyathai Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 331

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