1SCIENTIFIC METHOD PART A. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "1SCIENTIFIC METHOD PART A. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD"

Transcription

1 1SCIENTIFIC METHOD LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of this lab, you will be able to: Describe the steps of the scientific method Formulate research questions, hypotheses, and predictions Design and conduct an experiment Interpret and report results Identify the parts of a scientific paper Describe the purpose and content of a scientific paper PART A. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Scientists use the scientific method to study and understand the world around us. The scientific method is a step-by-step procedure, which uses experiments and observations to find an answer to a question or solve a problem. The scientific method generally involves six steps (Table 1). 1. Observation Observation is the first step in the scientific method. This step involves observing a phenomenon, an aspect of an organism, or the discovery of a problem. Observations can also come from examining the literature on a particular topic of interest. 2. Question A question is posed about the observation (or the problem to be solved is stated). The question must be simple and testable. The question is often in the form of How, What, or Why? EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 3

2 Table 1. Steps of the scientific method. Step Biological example Real world example 1 Observation Tree leaves change color in fall The flashlight stopped working 2 Question 3 Hypothesis 4 Prediction 5 Experiment 6 Conclusion What causes tree leaves to change color in fall? Leaves change color in fall due to lower light levels If light level is decreased, then the tree leaves will change color Expose tree leaves to different light levels a) Leaves change color at low light and the hypothesis is accepted. b) Leaves do not changes color at low light and the hypothesis is rejected. A new hypothesis is created and tested. What causes the flashlight to not work? The batteries are the source of the problem If the batteries are dead, then replacing the batteries will make the flashlight work. Replace batteries with new batteries a) The flashlight works and the hypothesis is accepted. b) The flashlight does not work and the hypothesis is rejected. A new hypothesis is created and tested. 3. Hypothesis The hypothesis is a potential explanation to the question (or cause of the problem). It is usually based on information that is already known. A hypothesis can be general or specific. Example General: Pesticides are lethal to termites. Specific: A spray containing 0.1% fipronil is lethal to worker termites. 4. Prediction A prediction is a result that will occur if the hypothesis is correct. Predictions generally take the form of an if/then statement. For example, If the hypothesis is correct, then the results of the experiment will be For each of the observations in Table 2, list a possible question, hypothesis and prediction. 4 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

3 Table 2. Formulating questions, hypotheses, and predictions. Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Chicken soup seems to cure a cold. Adding a penny to a vase of flowers seems to make them last longer. Bananas seem to brown faster in the refrigerator. 5. Experiment An experiment is designed and conducted to test the hypothesis. Experiments have three kinds of variables (also called factors or conditions). The independent variable (or treatment) is the factor that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter. The dependent variable is the factor that is observed and/or measured. The experimenter observes the response of the dependent variable to the change in the independent variable. Controlled variables are factors of the experiment that are kept the same for all groups. Controlled variables are kept constant to prevent them from influencing the dependent variable. The experimental variables can also be of two types. A continuous variable is one that is measured quantitatively and uses a logical order of numbers (e.g., temperature, length). A discrete variable is measured qualitatively and uses categories or an unordered set of numbers (e.g., color, shape). In an experiment, the items under study are divided into two groups. The experimental group is the group treated with the independent variable. The control group is the group where the independent variable is standardized. The control is used to compare the results of the experimental (treatment) group. Another important aspect of experimental design is replication. An experiment must be repeated several times to ensure that the results are reliable and not due to chance. Replicating an experiment allows an average result to be obtained from different trials. It is also important to have a large sample size (number of samples). The greater the number of samples the more accurate the results. Table 3 provides examples of factors in a study on fall tree leaf color. EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 5

4 Table 3. Factor Examples of experimental factors to study the cause of changing tree leaf color. Example Experimental group Control group Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variable(s) Leaves exposed to fall light levels Leaves exposed to summer light levels Light level Leaf color Water, fertilizer, temperature, soil, etc. For each of the questions in Table 4, list an example of an independent, dependent, and controlled variable of an experiment. Table 4. Experimental variables. Question Independent Variable Dependent Variable Controlled Variable What sugar concentration do ants prefer? Which bait catches the most fish? Does talking to plants help them grow? Data Presentation Data generated from an experiment must be presented visually to understand the results, see trends or patterns, and explain the data to others. Presenting data (singular: datum) usually takes the form of tables and graphs. Data sheets are used to record the raw data (original) before it is formatted or summarized into tables and graphs. Tables A table is made up of rows and columns of data. Tables are used to collect raw data during an experiment or for summarizing and presenting final data (e.g., averages) in a report. The basic structure of a table is shown in Table 5. 6 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

5 2 1 Table 5. Plant height over a 5-week period. Plant Height (cm) 3b 3a Week Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant A table generally consists of 4 components (Table 5): 1. Name and Number Tables must be named and numbered consecutively (e.g., Table 1, Table 2) and should appear in a report in the order they are referred to in the text. The table number has a period at the end and comes before the table title. 2. Title The title (caption) provides a brief description of the contents of the table. It should include the key variables in the table. A table s title always goes above the table and follows the table number. 3. Column Headings Headings identify the data in each column with units of measurement (SI units) noted in parentheses (3a). The independent variable is usually placed in the first column and the dependent variables are placed in succeeding columns. In some cases it may be necessary to create a heading that spans across several columns to describe groups of data in those columns (3b). 4. Body The raw or final data is placed in the body of the table. No units should occur in the body. Lines are used to divide rows and columns to more easily present the information. EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 7

6 Create a table with the following data. At one bird feeder, the amount of seed consumed was 10 percent of seed type A, 15 percent of seed type B, and 50 percent of seed type C. At a second bird feeder, 30 percent of seed type A, 20 percent of seed type B, and 40 percent of seed type C was consumed. At a third bird feeder, 50 percent of seed type A, 5 percent of seed type B, and 45 percent of seed type C was consumed. Be sure to include all of the parts shown in Table 5. Graphs Line graphs show the relationship between variables in an experiment. They are best suited when the independent variable is continuous. Figure 1 is an example of a line graph using the data from Table 5. If the graph contains more than one data series, each series must be identified with a legend (see Figure 2). 8 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

7 Figures generally consist of 5 components (Figure 1): 1. Name and Number Figures must be named and numbered consecutively (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and should appear in a report in the order they are referred to in the text. The figure number has a period at the end and comes before the figure title. 2. Title The title (caption) provides a brief description of the contents of the figure. It should include the key variables in the graph. The title always goes below the figure and follows the figure number. 3. Y-axis Label A y-axis (vertical) label generally identifies the dependent variable with any units in parentheses. The y-axis should also have an appropriate scale and divisions (e.g., if using percentage, the axis should not exceed 100%). 4. X-axis Label The x-axis (horizontal) label generally identifies the independent variable with any units in parentheses. The x-axis should also have an appropriate scale and divisions (e.g., if using months, the axis should not exceed 12). 5. Body The data is plotted as distinct points (scatter plot), points connected by a line (line graph), or as a set of bars (bar graph). If the graph contains more than one data series, each series must be identified with a legend (see Figure 2). EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 9

8 Create a line graph using the following data. Be sure to include all of the parts identified in Figure 1. Amount of Rainfall (cm) Month Site 1 Site 2 Site EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

9 Plant Height (cm) Bar graphs can be used to compare data and identify trends. They are best suited when the independent variable is discrete. Figure 3 is an example of a bar graph. The independent variable (amount of fertilizer) is plotted on the x-axis and the dependent variable (plant height) is plotted on the y-axis. Notice that a bar graph follows the same structure as a line graph (Figure 1). Histograms are similar to bar graphs except that each bar represents a range of independent variable values rather than a single value Fertilizer (%) Create a bar graph using the data table you created on birdseed types. Be sure to include all of the necessary components in Figure 1. EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 11

10 6. Conclusion The final step in the scientific method is to interpret and discuss the results. The results of the experiment are used to determine whether the hypothesis is accepted (the results match the prediction) or rejected (the results do not match the prediction). If the hypothesis is rejected, a new hypothesis or a new experiment can be designed and tested. If the conclusion is that the hypothesis is accepted then the scientist must determine how it fits in with the existing knowledge on the topic and it must be accepted by other scientists. If a hypothesis remains accepted after many experiments and scientists then it can be called a theory. Theories in biology include the cell theory and the theory of evolution. Your hypothesis is that moths prefer white flowers. You conducted an experiment and collected the following data. Trial Number of Visits White Flower Yellow Flower Summarize the results of the experiment in a table or graph. Based on these results, is this hypothesis supported or rejected? Explain. 12 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

11 OBSERVATION: Making an observation from the world around us triggers the scientific method. The following is an observation that could have triggered our hypothetical experiment. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: This section is devoted to reading up on topics related to the observation in order to learn more about it. For our example, we could read to investigate the function of the heart and circulatory system, why heart rate increases with exercise, why being aerobically fit reduces heart rate, and what type of exercise is necessary in order to become aerobically fit. QUESTION: Next, ask a question that is related to the observation. Pose a question concerning the observation that is suggested by your Background Information. HYPOTHESIS: The next step is to formulate a hypothesis. The difference between the question and the hypothesis is that the hypothesis is testable. The hypothesis makes a specific prediction regarding the outcome of a carefully designed experiment; your educated guess. Thus, the hypothesis must be written so that an experiment can be designed to test it. Then the actual results can be compared to the prediction made by the hypothesis. Rephrase your question into a testable hypothesis. When this information is complete, the scientist has an idea of what type of experiment to conduct. Therefore, the next step is to design an experiment that will test the hypothesis. Scientific experiments are based on the comparison of a control group with an experimental group. The control group and the experimental group are identical except for the one factor being tested by the experiment. This factor is called the independent variable. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The independent variable (also called the manipulated variable) is the one factor in the experiment that separates the control group from the experimental group. What is the independent variable for this experiment? EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 13

12 DEPENDENT VARIABLE: The dependent variable (also called the responding variable) is the factor that changes as a result of changes in the independent variable. It can easily be recognized because it is the variable being measured as part of the experiment. What is being measured in this experiment? Be very specific. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: What criteria are necessary for a person to belong to the experimental group? CONTROL GROUP: Who belongs to the control group? CONSTANT CONDITIONS: In a scientific experiment, it is vital to hold all conditions other than the independent variable constant. That way any differences noted are due to the independent variable, not some other cause. Describe the constant conditions for this experiment. PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS: Write a detailed procedure to test your hypothesis. Include the complete list of materials and precise directions to the steps of your experiment. Someone besides you should be able to read this section and have all the information needed to run the experiment. In your lab report, the procedure and material list should be written in paragraph form. Now that you have a well planned experiment, you are ready to conduct the experiment, collect data in tables, draw a graph, interpret your results, and present your conclusion regarding whether or not the hypothesis is supported by the data. QUANTITATIVE RESULTS TABLES: Quantitative refers to numerical data. It is presented in table form. Below is a table that provides possible results for the above experiment so you can continue the exercise by analyzing it. Notice a table has a descriptive title and all numerical values are labeled with units. 14 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

13 QUALITATIVE RESULTS OBSERVATIONS: Describe in words what you saw happening in the experiment. What are the differences found between the two groups? Use Table 1 to complete this section. DATA PRESENTATION GRAPHS: The data presented in the table is usually easier to interpret from a graph. The two most common types of graphs in lab reports are bar graphs and line graphs. Line graphs show continuous data, and trends can be visualized. Bar graphs compare discontinuous events, showing differences between groups rather than showing trends. Bar graphs are useful when one variable is nonnumerical. Your lab instructor will let you know which type of graph you should draw. The data from this current cardiovascular experiment is best presented with a bar graph. In setting up a graph, the independent variable always goes on the x-axis (horizontal axis) and the dependent variable goes on the y-axis (vertical axis). Draw a bar graph to represent the data in Table 1. Be sure to include a descriptive title and label the x-axis and y-axis correctly (use units where necessary). Figure 1: Average Change in Heart Rate for Aerobically Fit and Non-fit Subjects EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 15

14 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: Interpret your graph by describing what it tells about the relationship between the IV and DV. The results obtained should also be related back to the introduction s background information. CONCLUSION: Based on all of the evidence and data collected, what conclusion can be made regarding the hypothesis? Did the data support or fail to support your hypothesis? POTENTIAL ERRORS: It is important to alert other scientist to potential problems that may have influenced your results or areas of the experiment that are particularly tricky. List three potential errors from this cardiovascular exercise. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE EXPERIMENTS: Make recommendations for additional/different experiments that will further study the question. A good approach is to take one of your constant conditions and make it the IV. This section is not for suggestions to improve the experiment you just completed. ORGANIZATION OF A WRITTEN LAB REPORT: A lab report is divided into four sections. Each section should be labeled and contain the following information: Introduction: Observation Background Information Question Hypothesis Methods Independent Variable Dependent Variable Constant Conditions Experimental Group Control Group Procedure and Materials Results Table Observations Graph 16 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

15 Discussion Analysis and Interpretation Conclusions Potential Errors Future Recommendations REVIEW 1. Define scientific method. 2. Define experimental group. 3. Define dependent variable. 4. You notice that plant stems bend toward a window. a) Formulate a question related to this observation. b) Formulate a hypothesis for this question. c) Formulate a prediction for this hypothesis. EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD 17

16 5. You want to study the effect of sugar on the growth of bacteria. You make up solutions of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% sugar concentration. You pour the media into Petri dishes and inoculate each dish with a culture of bacteria. After 24 h, you measure bacterial growth by estimating the percent coverage of bacteria in each dish. a) What is the independent variable? b) What is the dependent variable? c) What are the controlled variables? 6. Describe 3 limitations of the scientific method. 7. Describe the purpose and importance of a scientific paper. 18 EXERCISE 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Unit 1 Outline Science Practices. Part 1 - The Scientific Method. Screencasts found at: sciencepeek.com. 1. List the steps of the scientific method.

Unit 1 Outline Science Practices. Part 1 - The Scientific Method. Screencasts found at: sciencepeek.com. 1. List the steps of the scientific method. Screencasts found at: sciencepeek.com Part 1 - The Scientific Method 1. List the steps of the scientific method. 2. What is an observation? Give an example. Quantitative or Qualitative Data? 35 grams?

More information

Parts of a STEM Fair Project

Parts of a STEM Fair Project Parts of a STEM Fair Project Question Good science investigations begin with a question. This question often asks what if, how, or what effect something will have. The question should be relevant to the

More information

AP Biology: Laboratory 1: Principles of the Scientific Method

AP Biology: Laboratory 1: Principles of the Scientific Method AP Biology: Laboratory 1: Principles of the Scientific Method Pre-Lab Pulse & Fitness Exercise Before coming to class carefully read the following pages on the scientific method then answer these pre-lab

More information

LAB 1 The Scientific Method

LAB 1 The Scientific Method From the LAMC Bio 3 Lab Manual 6 th edition, by Mike Reynolds & Stephen Brown Modified by Diane Livio LAB 1 The Scientific Method Objectives 1. Apply the basic principles of the scientific method. 2. Generate

More information

The Scientific Method Scientific method

The Scientific Method Scientific method The Scientific Method Scientific method the process scientists use to investigate a problem, question, and/or observation Steps in the Scientific Method I. Making Observations and Asking Questions (leads

More information

6 th grade science. Drops on a Penny. changed, but the scientist keeps them the same so that they will not interfere with the

6 th grade science. Drops on a Penny. changed, but the scientist keeps them the same so that they will not interfere with the Name Date Block Drops on a Penny Experimental investigations involve the manipulation of variables. Variables are the parts of the experiment that can change. Independent variables are the ONE thing that

More information

What is Science? 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 3. Scientists propose

What is Science? 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 3. Scientists propose Page 1 What is Science? 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 2. Scientists: collect and organize information in a careful, orderly way, looking for patterns and connections between events. The

More information

The Scientific Method the process of doing science

The Scientific Method the process of doing science Steps The Scientific Method the process of doing science observation ask a question collect data hypothesis experiment analyze data draw conclusions communicate results Observing and Asking Questions Observation

More information

AIM #4: DEFINE SCIENCE AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

AIM #4: DEFINE SCIENCE AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AIM #4: DEFINE SCIENCE AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Aim #4: Define science and explain the process of the scientific method Textbook Pages: 11-21 DO NOW: IN YOUR OWN WORDS, DEFINE OBSERVATION:

More information

Unit 7 Comparisons and Relationships

Unit 7 Comparisons and Relationships Unit 7 Comparisons and Relationships Objectives: To understand the distinction between making a comparison and describing a relationship To select appropriate graphical displays for making comparisons

More information

Overview of the Scientific Process

Overview of the Scientific Process The purposes of this lab exercise are to: Overview of the Scientific Process 1. Introduce you to the LabPro3 system, one of the tools we will use in future lab exercises, and which you may choose to use

More information

Planning and Carrying Out an Investigation. Name:

Planning and Carrying Out an Investigation. Name: Planning and Carrying Out an Investigation Name: Part A: Asking Questions (NGSS Practice #1) Topic or Phenomenon: 1. What am I wondering? What questions do I have about the topic/phenomenon? (why, when,

More information

The graph should contain 5 major parts: the title, the independent variable, the dependent variable, the scales for each variable, and a legend.

The graph should contain 5 major parts: the title, the independent variable, the dependent variable, the scales for each variable, and a legend. BLIZZARD BAG #2 Please complete the activity below. You will need to print out this activity sheet (pages 2-5 only) OR Write out the answers on a separate piece of paper and graph on a piece of graphing

More information

Scientific Investigation Lab Worksheet (M/C #1)

Scientific Investigation Lab Worksheet (M/C #1) Scientific Investigation Lab Worksheet (M/C #1) NAME: Ex. 1-1: QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES Lab Study A: Asking Questions On what basis should you decide which questions could be answered scientifically? Indicate

More information

SCIENTIFIC METHOD. Hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable (can be proven to be wrong) to be valid.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD. Hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable (can be proven to be wrong) to be valid. SCIENTIFIC METHOD WHAT AM I EXECTED TO LEARN? Identify the steps involved in the scientific method Develop a testable hypothesis Explain the reason for a control group Identify the hypothesis of an experiment

More information

The Scientific Process

The Scientific Process Part I: Discussion Questions The Scientific Process a. What is the purpose of the scientific process? b. What is the difference between a null hypothesis and a hypothesis? c. Considering the concept that

More information

What Is Science? Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 1.1 What Is Science?

What Is Science? Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 1.1 What Is Science? Lesson Overview 1.1 What Science Is and Is Not What are the goals of science? One goal of science is to provide natural explanations for events in the natural world. Science also aims to use those explanations

More information

Scientific Method. Earth Systems

Scientific Method. Earth Systems Scientific Method Earth Systems What is Science? Scienceis a method for studying the natural world. Scientists use a specific process to investigate their observations. This process is called the scientific

More information

WS0210 Practical 1.Introducing fungi and experimental design

WS0210 Practical 1.Introducing fungi and experimental design WS0210 Practical 1.Introducing fungi and experimental design Introduction What is biology? It is the study of organisms and of life. It includes investigations of tiny bacteria, kangaroos and gum trees,

More information

Natural Selection Simulation: Predation and Coloration

Natural Selection Simulation: Predation and Coloration Name Period Date Natural Selection Simulation: Predation and Coloration This simulation was invented by G. Ledyard Stebbins, a pioneer in the evolution of plants. The purpose of the game is to illustrate

More information

STP226 Brief Class Notes Instructor: Ela Jackiewicz

STP226 Brief Class Notes Instructor: Ela Jackiewicz CHAPTER 2 Organizing Data Statistics=science of analyzing data. Information collected (data) is gathered in terms of variables (characteristics of a subject that can be assigned a numerical value or nonnumerical

More information

Test Review Unit 0_1 Scientific knowlege

Test Review Unit 0_1 Scientific knowlege Test Review Unit 0_1 Scientific knowlege THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD The scientific method is a process used by scientists to study the world around them and to obtain objective knowledge about it. WHAT ARE

More information

Science, Safety and Experimental Design. 1.1 What is Science?

Science, Safety and Experimental Design. 1.1 What is Science? Science, Safety and Experimental Design 1.1 What is Science? The Goals of Science 1. Deals only with the natural world The supernatural is outside the realm of science Science is one of the Ways of Knowing

More information

Name: Period: Date: Unit Topic: Science and the Scientific Method Grade Level: 9

Name: Period: Date: Unit Topic: Science and the Scientific Method Grade Level: 9 Name: Period: Date: Unit Topic: Science and the Scientific Method Grade Level: 9 Student Learning Map Key Learning: Science is a verifiable and self-correcting oraganized body of knowledge about nature.

More information

Introduction to Science and the Scientific Method

Introduction to Science and the Scientific Method I. What is Science? Introduction to Science and the Scientific Method A. The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those

More information

What Science Is and Is Not

What Science Is and Is Not What Is Science? Key Questions What are the goals of science? What procedures are at the core of scientific methodology? Vocabulary science observation inference hypothesis controlled experiment independent

More information

Bouncing Ball Lab. Name

Bouncing Ball Lab. Name Bouncing Ball Lab Name Scientists use an organized set of steps when they solve problems or perform investigations. This organized set of steps is called the Scientific Method. There are many versions

More information

Paper Airplanes & Scientific Methods

Paper Airplanes & Scientific Methods Paper Airplanes & Scientific Methods Scientific Inquiry refers to the many different ways in which scientists investigate the world. Scientific investigations are done to answer questions and solve problems.

More information

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. We shall take a closer look at these steps and the terminology you will need to understand before you

More information

Design an Experiment. Like a Real Scientist!!

Design an Experiment. Like a Real Scientist!! Design an Experiment Like a Real Scientist!! Let s review what science is This should do it. 8 min. And that elusive definition of a THEORY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9re8qxkz dm0 7:30 And a LAW is

More information

Honors Biology Chapter 2. The Science of Biology

Honors Biology Chapter 2. The Science of Biology Honors Biology Chapter 2 The Science of Biology Concept 2.1: Discovery Science Emphasizes Inquiry and Observation I. Science as Inquiry A. Science = to know, to answer? s about the natural world 1. 2 main

More information

What is the Scientific Method?

What is the Scientific Method? Scientific Method What is the Scientific Method? It s a way to solve/explain a problem or natural phenomenon, while removing human bias and opinion. It is a critical procedure that allows validity and

More information

Establishing the Purpose & Forming A Valid Hypothesis. Introduction to Research

Establishing the Purpose & Forming A Valid Hypothesis. Introduction to Research Establishing the Purpose & Forming A Valid Hypothesis Introduction to Research What should the Purpose include? The inclusion of the purpose (sometimes called the objective) of the experiment often confuses

More information

GED Preparation Lesson Plan. Module: Science. Lesson Title: Forming a Conclusion. Standards: GED Preparation (Adult General Education)

GED Preparation Lesson Plan. Module: Science. Lesson Title: Forming a Conclusion. Standards: GED Preparation (Adult General Education) GED Preparation Lesson Plan Module: Science Lesson Title: Forming a Conclusion Standards: GED Preparation (Adult General Education) Scientific Practices 2014 Assessment Targets Understand and explain textual

More information

What is Science? 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 3. Scientists propose

What is Science? 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 3. Scientists propose Page 1 What is Science? 1. Science deals only with the natural world. 2. Scientists: collect and organize information in a careful, orderly way, looking for patterns and connections between events. The

More information

The Nature of Science

The Nature of Science The Nature of Science To be scientifically literate, science students should have deeper understandings of science that studying the Nature of Science (NOS) provides. Write an account of what you think

More information

Paper Airplanes & Scientific Methods

Paper Airplanes & Scientific Methods Paper Airplanes & Scientific Methods Scientific Inquiry refers to the many different ways in which scientists investigate the world. Scientific investigations are one to answer questions and solve problems.

More information

LAB 7: THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

LAB 7: THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD LAB 7: THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Making an observation and asking an interesting question The first steps in the scientific method include making an observation, doing some background research on the topic,

More information

Lesson 9 Presentation and Display of Quantitative Data

Lesson 9 Presentation and Display of Quantitative Data Lesson 9 Presentation and Display of Quantitative Data Learning Objectives All students will identify and present data using appropriate graphs, charts and tables. All students should be able to justify

More information

Hypothesis-Driven Research

Hypothesis-Driven Research Hypothesis-Driven Research Research types Descriptive science: observe, describe and categorize the facts Discovery science: measure variables to decide general patterns based on inductive reasoning Hypothesis-driven

More information

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method The Scientific Method Prelab Thoroughly explore the website Understanding Science: How Science Really Works at http://undsci.berkeley.edu. Answer the following five questions based on your textbook and

More information

Name Teacher Hour

Name Teacher Hour http://www.citizenofthemonth.com/wp-content/images/frink.gif Name Teacher Hour www.mononagrove.org/faculty/ips/index.cfm Scientific Models What is a scientific model? The scientific process making observations,

More information

Section 1.1: What is Science? Section 1.2: Science in Context Section 1.3: Studying Life

Section 1.1: What is Science? Section 1.2: Science in Context Section 1.3: Studying Life Section 1.1: What is Science? Section 1.2: Science in Context Section 1.3: Studying Life 1.1 What science is and is not Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural

More information

Science and the scientific method. Mr. Banks 7 th and 8 TH grade science

Science and the scientific method. Mr. Banks 7 th and 8 TH grade science Science and the scientific method Mr. Banks 7 th and 8 TH grade science What is science? Science is the study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural universe, to find explanations to

More information

THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW

THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW 1. The Universe Is Understandable. 2. The Universe Is a Vast Single System In Which the Basic Rules Are Everywhere the Same. 3. Scientific Ideas Are Subject To Change. 4. Scientific

More information

Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #1 Scientific Investigation

Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #1 Scientific Investigation Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #1 Scientific Investigation Ex. 1-1: QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES Lab Study A: Asking Questions Indicate whether or not each question below can be answered scientifically

More information

The Study of Life. Before You Read. Science Journal

The Study of Life. Before You Read. Science Journal The Study of Life Before You Read Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about biology. Then list the questions you have about biology in the What I Want to Find Out column. K W L What

More information

Scientific Method in Biology

Scientific Method in Biology Scientific Method in Biology Observations Observations are a critical component of science, because they can. Example: Alexander Fleming s observations on a bacterial culture contaminated with mold. Discuss

More information

Scientific Method Stations

Scientific Method Stations Stations Mandatory Things You will need: Station instructions and questions. (Attached) Student Response Sheet (Print one from the blog if you were absent or misplaced your copy) Instructions: Follow the

More information

BIOLOGY 1408 What is Biology?

BIOLOGY 1408 What is Biology? BIOLOGY 1408 Lecture 2 Chris Doumen, Ph.D. Collin College, 2014 What is Biology? The scientific study of life Contains two important elements Scientific study Life 1 The Process Of Science The word science

More information

UNIT. Experiments and the Common Cold. Biology. Unit Description. Unit Requirements

UNIT. Experiments and the Common Cold. Biology. Unit Description. Unit Requirements UNIT Biology Experiments and the Common Cold Unit Description Content: This course is designed to familiarize the student with concepts in biology and biological research. Skills: Main Ideas and Supporting

More information

Pose a question means come up with a question that can be answered by gathering scientific evidence (using measurements/ observations).

Pose a question means come up with a question that can be answered by gathering scientific evidence (using measurements/ observations). The Scientific Method The 5 steps of the scientific method are: 1. Pose a question 2. Develop a 3. Design an experiment 4. Interpret Data (Results) 5. Draw a conclusion Pose a question means come up with

More information

1. What is the difference between and qualitative and a quantitative observation? 2. What kind of observations are you making in the measurement lab?

1. What is the difference between and qualitative and a quantitative observation? 2. What kind of observations are you making in the measurement lab? DO NOW: SWBAT identify different variables within an investigation Enter Silently Grab Materials, notebooks, folders Begin Do Now 1. What is the difference between and qualitative and a quantitative observation?

More information

Vitruvian Man Meets the Scientific Method Writing and Testing Appropriate Hypotheses

Vitruvian Man Meets the Scientific Method Writing and Testing Appropriate Hypotheses Vitruvian Man Meets the Scientific Method Writing and Testing Appropriate Hypotheses Leonardo da Vinci s drawing Vitruvian Man shows how the proportions of the human body fit perfectly into a circle or

More information

SCIENTIFIC METHOD PRACTICE: VARIABLES & HYPOTHESIS CONSTRUCTION

SCIENTIFIC METHOD PRACTICE: VARIABLES & HYPOTHESIS CONSTRUCTION Name: Block: Date: SCIENTIFIC METHOD PRACTICE: VARIABLES & HYPOTHESIS CONSTRUCTION Background information: PART 1: IDENTIFYING VARIABLES Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships

More information

Chapter 1.3b Scientific Method

Chapter 1.3b Scientific Method Chapter.3b Scientific Method Mrs. Baldessari Biology Objective : Identify and apply the steps of the scientific method. of 2 What is the goal of science? The goal of science is to: investigate and understand

More information

Lab #2: Experimentation Lab

Lab #2: Experimentation Lab Lab #2: Experimentation Lab INTRODUCTION: In this lab we are going to gain experience and practice using the scientific method. The first part of the lab will be focused on becoming familiar with the scientific

More information

What is the Scientific Method?

What is the Scientific Method? What all Science is "BUILT" upon How do you solve problems? How do scientists carry out valid investigations? How does the scientific process apply to real world scenarios? What is the Scientific Method?

More information

Scientific Inquiry Review

Scientific Inquiry Review Scientific Inquiry Review Adapted from Regentsprep.org Be able to USE AND APPLY the steps of the scientific method to solve a problem and design an experiment: Scientific Method: 1. Make observations about

More information

Designing an experiment 7 TH /8 TH GRADE SCIENCE

Designing an experiment 7 TH /8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Designing an experiment 7 TH /8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Scientific inquiry 1. Make an observation 2. Ask a question 3. Create a hypothesis 4. Design an experiment 5. Gather and analyze data 6. Draw conclusions

More information

The Scientific Process

The Scientific Process The Scientific Process Before we begin. What does science mean to you? How would you define life to a young child? Do you believe there is life elsewhere in the universe? Why or why not? List the steps

More information

Key Ideas. Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods.

Key Ideas. Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods. Key Ideas Explain how science is different from other forms of human endeavor. Identify the steps that make up scientific methods. Analyze how scientific thought changes as new information is collected.

More information

THE FIGHTER PILOT CHALLENGE: IN THE BLINK OF AN EYE

THE FIGHTER PILOT CHALLENGE: IN THE BLINK OF AN EYE THE FIGHTER PILOT CHALLENGE: IN THE BLINK OF AN EYE To be a fighter pilot you must have very fast reactions travelling at speeds of over 2500 km per hour (twice the speed of sound) means about 700m every

More information

Unit 2 Review: Graphing and Scientific Method

Unit 2 Review: Graphing and Scientific Method Name: Date: Science Period Unit 2 Review: Graphing and Scientific Method Directions: In this section, you will plot and interpret a line graph. Larry, Deborah and Thomas helped Mrs. Messina determine the

More information

Name: Date: Solubility Lab - Worksheet #3 Level 1

Name: Date: Solubility Lab - Worksheet #3 Level 1 Name: Date: Solubility Lab - Worksheet #3 Level 1 In today s lab you will be working in groups to determine whether sugar or salt dissolves more quickly in water. The rate at which different substances

More information

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. We shall take a closer look at these steps and the terminology you will need to understand before you

More information

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. 1. State a Problem/Ask a Question 2. Make an Observation / Do Research 3. Formulate a Hypothesis 4. Experiment/Test

More information

Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer Key Directed Reading A 1. life science 2. diversity 3. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Where does it live? 4. anyone 5. anywhere in a laboratory, on farms, in forests, on the ocean floor, in space,

More information

Scientific Method in Biology

Scientific Method in Biology Scientific Method in Biology Observations Observations are a critical component of science, because they can lead to scientific questions. Example: Alexander Fleming s observations on a bacterial culture

More information

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. We shall take a closer look at these steps and the terminology you will need to understand before you

More information

Chapter 1.1. The Process of Science. Essential Questions

Chapter 1.1. The Process of Science. Essential Questions Chapter 1.1 The Process of Science Essential Questions 1. How does scientific inquiry answer questions about the living world? 2. How do observations lead to scientific inferences? 3. How do scientific

More information

Divide your paper sections

Divide your paper sections How to take: Divide your paper sections Now: Heading Notes Later: Study?s Summary Title of Notes Study?s Level 1,2 & 3 Summary 3-5 sentences Date Take Notes during presentation Underline key words Skip

More information

Science is a way of learning about the natural world. The body of knowledge that scientists have is always growing and changing.

Science is a way of learning about the natural world. The body of knowledge that scientists have is always growing and changing. Science is a way of learning about the natural world. The body of knowledge that scientists have is always growing and changing. Thinking Like a Scientist Some of the skills that scientist use are posing

More information

Lesson 1 Understanding Science

Lesson 1 Understanding Science Lesson 1 Student Labs and Activities Page Content Vocabulary 6 Lesson Outline 7 Content Practice A 9 Content Practice B 10 School to Home 11 Key Concept Builders 12 Enrichment 16 Challenge 17 Scientific

More information

Observations & Data! Biology = the Study of Life. ! Data = Recorded Observations. ! Scientific instruments

Observations & Data! Biology = the Study of Life. ! Data = Recorded Observations. ! Scientific instruments What is Science? The Science of BIOLOGY Science is a process of questioning. Science as Inquiry Observations & Data! Biology = the Study of Life! Observations = The use of the senses to gather and record

More information

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion

More information

SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES ISII

SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES ISII SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES ISII Scientific Method Basic steps used by scientists in solving problems There is no The Scientific Method There is no 1 scientific method with X number of steps There are common

More information

Homework Exercises for PSYC 3330: Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

Homework Exercises for PSYC 3330: Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Homework Exercises for PSYC 3330: Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences compiled and edited by Thomas J. Faulkenberry, Ph.D. Department of Psychological Sciences Tarleton State University Version: July

More information

Chapter 7: Descriptive Statistics

Chapter 7: Descriptive Statistics Chapter Overview Chapter 7 provides an introduction to basic strategies for describing groups statistically. Statistical concepts around normal distributions are discussed. The statistical procedures of

More information

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are. investigate a natural occurrence.

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are. investigate a natural occurrence. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence. We shall take a closer look at these steps and the terminology you will need to understand before you

More information

1 Version SP.A Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data

1 Version SP.A Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data Claim 1: Concepts and Procedures Students can explain and apply mathematical concepts and carry out mathematical procedures with precision and fluency. Content Domain: Statistics and Probability Target

More information

How is camouflage an adaptive advantage?

How is camouflage an adaptive advantage? How is camouflage an adaptive advantage? Lab 11 atural selection can be described as the process by which those organisms best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than are

More information

Natural Selection Activities. Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth: Navigate through this section to answer the following questions.

Natural Selection Activities. Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth: Navigate through this section to answer the following questions. Natural Selection Activities Biology Name Date Block Directions: Go to peppermoths.weebly.com. Open the simulation and play the role of the bird in both the dark and the light forest. Try to behave as

More information

Family Trees for all grades. Learning Objectives. Materials, Resources, and Preparation

Family Trees for all grades. Learning Objectives. Materials, Resources, and Preparation page 2 Page 2 2 Introduction Family Trees for all grades Goals Discover Darwin all over Pittsburgh in 2009 with Darwin 2009: Exploration is Never Extinct. Lesson plans, including this one, are available

More information

Scientific Inquiry Section 1: Length & Measurement ruler or meter stick: equipment used in the lab to measure length in millimeters, centimeters or

Scientific Inquiry Section 1: Length & Measurement ruler or meter stick: equipment used in the lab to measure length in millimeters, centimeters or Scientific Inquiry Section 1: Length & Measurement ruler or meter stick: equipment used in the lab to measure length in millimeters, centimeters or meters. meter: metric unit for length -Scientists use

More information

Biology & The Characteristics of Life

Biology & The Characteristics of Life Biology & The Characteristics of Life Name: Period: Date: I. What is BIOLOGY? The study of WHAT IS THE VALUE OF BIOLOGY? Biological principles are daily being applied for the in controlling disease, improving

More information

Pre-lab Homework Lab 6: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Pre-lab Homework Lab 6: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Lab Section: Name: Pre-lab Homework After reading over the lab and the topics of photosynthesis and cellular respiration from your textbook, answer these questions to be turned in at the beginning of the

More information

Psy201 Module 3 Study and Assignment Guide. Using Excel to Calculate Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Psy201 Module 3 Study and Assignment Guide. Using Excel to Calculate Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Psy201 Module 3 Study and Assignment Guide Using Excel to Calculate Descriptive and Inferential Statistics What is Excel? Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows one to enter numerical values or data

More information

Visit Names

Visit   Names Visit http://scientific-method-webquest.wikia.com Names The links found there will help you answer the questions in your packet on the scientific method. Interactive Lab: Read through the information carefully

More information

Probability and Statistics. Chapter 1

Probability and Statistics. Chapter 1 Probability and Statistics Chapter 1 Individuals and Variables Individuals and Variables Individuals are objects described by data. Individuals and Variables Individuals are objects described by data.

More information

APA Writing Style. Advanced Workshop

APA Writing Style. Advanced Workshop APA Writing Style Advanced Workshop Objectives This workshop is intended to cover some of the more advanced topics within the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition.

More information

Writing an If Then Hypothesis

Writing an If Then Hypothesis Name: Period: Date: Score: Writing an If Then Hypothesis Purpose: To learn how to write testable hypotheses. When using the scientific method to conduct an experiment, you do not always know the results

More information

Connecting the Dots of Climate Change and Health: An Interactive Computer Lab

Connecting the Dots of Climate Change and Health: An Interactive Computer Lab Teacher s Guide Connecting the Dots of Climate Change and Health: An Interactive Computer Lab Incorporated Minnesota Standards: 7.1.3.4.1 8.1.1.2.1 8.1.3.4.1 8.3.4.1.2 Description: This lab incorporates

More information

Grade 6 Standard 5 Unit Test Microorganisms. 1. Which of the following correctly describes the size of fungi compared to the size of bacteria?

Grade 6 Standard 5 Unit Test Microorganisms. 1. Which of the following correctly describes the size of fungi compared to the size of bacteria? Grade 6 Standard 5 Unit Test Microorganisms 1. Which of the following correctly describes the size of fungi compared to the size of bacteria? A. Fungi are larger. B. Bacteria are larger. C. They are about

More information

The Immune System. s Big Book of Handouts

The Immune System. s Big Book of Handouts The Immune System s Big Book of Handouts Immune System Specific learning outcomes B11-5-01: Describe the body s defence mechanisms for protection from foreign agents. (GLO: D1) Include: non-specific and

More information

UNIT 1CP LAB 1 - Spaghetti Bridge

UNIT 1CP LAB 1 - Spaghetti Bridge Name Date Pd UNIT 1CP LAB 1 - Spaghetti Bridge The basis of this physics class is the ability to design an experiment to determine the relationship between two quantities and to interpret and apply the

More information

Stem-and-Leaf Displays. Example: Binge Drinking. Stem-and-Leaf Displays 1/29/2016. Section 3.2: Displaying Numerical Data: Stem-and-Leaf Displays

Stem-and-Leaf Displays. Example: Binge Drinking. Stem-and-Leaf Displays 1/29/2016. Section 3.2: Displaying Numerical Data: Stem-and-Leaf Displays Stem-and-Leaf Displays Section 3.2: Displaying Numerical Data: Stem-and-Leaf Displays Compact way to summarize univariate numerical data. Each is broken into 2 pieces: Stem and Leaf Stem the first part

More information

2014 National Curriculum Science Band 1

2014 National Curriculum Science Band 1 2014 National Curriculum Science Band 1 ask simple questions and recognise that they can be answered in different ways (Year 1 variety of common animals including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and

More information

1. Scatter or bar? 2. Scatter or bar? 3. Scatter or bar? 4. Scatter or bar? Response rate, ms. Average Ht, ft. Temperature, C. Sex

1. Scatter or bar? 2. Scatter or bar? 3. Scatter or bar? 4. Scatter or bar? Response rate, ms. Average Ht, ft. Temperature, C. Sex O 2 levels, % Probability of dying Average Ht, ft Response rate, ms Lab exercises 2.1 For data that would be plotted in the following graphs, should you use a scatter plot or a bar graph? Use the axis

More information