Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 159 ( 2014 ) WCPCG 2014
|
|
- Neil Booker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Available online at ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 159 ( 2014 ) WCPCG 2014 The Roles of Meaningful Life and Posttraumatic Stress in Posttraumatic Growth in A Sample of Turkish University Students Pınar Dursun a *, Sinan Saracli b, Osman Konuk c a Afyon Kocatepe University, Art-Science Faculty, Department of Psychology, 03200, Afyon, Turkey b Afyon Kocatepe University, Art-Science Faculty, Department of Statistics, 03200, Afyon, Turkey c Izmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Sociology, 35620, Izmir, Turkey Abstract The present study aimed to find out the prevalence of traumatic experiences in students and the relationships among posttraumatic stress, meaningful life, and posttraumatic growth as well as to investigate the possible contributory roles of meaning in life dimensions and posttraumatic stress in posttraumatic growth. The instruments included, a series of questionnaires consisting of demographic information, Turkish versions of Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire which were carried out in Afyon Kocatepe University. Statistical analysis of 564 university students (376 female and 188 male) revealed that sudden death was the most distressing event (51.4%). The hierarchical multiple regression results revealed both meaning in life dimensions significantly and positively predicted the total growth scores and posttraumatic stress severity contributed a significant increase in explained variance. In conclusion, following adversities, posttraumatic stress and both meaning in life dimensions are separate routes to posttraumatic growth Published The Authors. by Elsevier Published Ltd. by This Elsevier is an Ltd. open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Keywords: Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), Meaning in life, Posttraumatic Stress (PTS), Psychological Trauma. 1. Introduction A student s college years can often be full of distress and various traumatic experiences that require proper adjustment. Severe events mostly demolish students' physical, and social environments and bring out some psychological health problems including posttraumatic stress disorder (Norris et al., 2002). Although these traumatic events can lead to severe psychological distress in university students, simultaneously some individuals may engender growth experiences. This growth process is defined as posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG refers to positive * Pınar Dursun.Tel: address: dursun.pinar@gmail.com, pinar.dursun@colostate.edu Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( doi: /j.sbspro
2 Pınar Dursun et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 159 ( 2014 ) psychological consequences or changes experienced as a result of the struggle in coping with traumatic events (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996; 2004). There are numerous empirical studies reporting these growth experiences following various traumatic life events such as terminal diseases (e.g., Schroevers & Teo, 2008), 9/11 terrorist attacks (e.g., Park, Aldwin, Fenster, & Snyder, 2008), and natural disasters (e.g., Karanci & Acarturk, 2005). Because trauma is psychologically a "seismic event" (Calhoun, 1996 cited in Tedeschi, Park, & Calhoun, 2008, p.2), survivors have a need to understand the meaning of these experiences and reconstruct their global meaning systems. In this meaning-making process, people need "a comprehension (achieving a consistent understanding of one's self, world, and fit) and purpose (having an overarching set of goals or missions one strives to accomplish)" (Steger, Bundick, & Yeager, 2012, p. 1672). Since the observations of Frankl's (1963) derived from Nazi concentration camps, searching and finding meaning in suffering has long been recognized in psychological literature. Recent empirical studies have demonstrated that meaning in life is a trait-like and relatively stable concept and is accepted as one of the most consistent well-being measures (Steger & Frazier, 2005; Steger & Kashdan, 2007). Previous studies revealed that meaningful life was found to be correlated with positive changes and significantly predicted PTG scores (Linley & Joseph, 2011; Steger, Frazier, & Zacchanini, 2008). Nevertheless, the literature includes mixed findings about the association between PTG and PTS (e.g., Butler et al., 2005; Dekel, Mandl, & Solomon, 2011). In sum, there has been little empirical research investigating PTG relationship with meaning in life dimensions and posttraumatic stress (PTS) in university students. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the prevalence of traumatic events that students have experienced and the relationships among PTS, the meaning in life dimensions, and PTG and lastly to find out the unique contributions of meaning in life dimensions and PTS in PTG total scores. 2. Method 2.1. Participants and Procedure A sample of 648 students were recruited through convenient sampling procedure from various grades and departments of Afyon Kocatepe University in Turkey however, analyses were carried out with a sample of 564 (376 female and 188 male) students. The age of the participants ranged between 18 and 30 (M =21.07, SD = 1.69). The participants were enrolled in the Art & Science Faculty/College (56.9%), Health School (40.8%) and other faculties/colleges (2.3%). Of these participants 0.7% were English preparatory students, 31.7% freshmen, 25.5% juniors, 25.2% sophomores, and 17.2% seniors. The survey packets were randomly distributed to the students who agreed to participate in the classroom settings in campus Instruments Demographic Information Form This form was prepared by the researchers and includes information regarding sex, department, faculty, and grade of the participants The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS; Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997) The PDS is a 49-item self-report measure to assess the history of traumatic experiences, the most distressing event, and the severity of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The PDS includes ten series of events that participants might have experienced such as natural disasters, life-threatening illnesses, sudden death, sexual assault by strangers or family members. Participants were also asked to endorse the most distressing experience. In order to assess the severity of PTSD symptoms for a previous month, a 17-item with 4-point scale ranging from never (0) to five times a week (3) was used. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was reported as.92 (Foa et al., 1997). Turkish adaptation was performed by Duru (2006). The Cronbach alpha coefficient was reported as.92. In this study, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was found as.93.
3 704 Pınar Dursun et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 159 ( 2014 ) Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) The PTGI is a 21-item self-report scale developed to what extent a change occurs resulting from a traumatic experience. It is a 6-point scale ranging from I did not experience this change (0) to I experienced this change to a very great degree (5). PTGI has five domains: relationship with others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life. The Cronbach alpha was reported as.95 for total score (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). The scale was adapted into Turkish by Duru (2006). The Cronbach alpha coefficient was reported as.93. In this study, Cronbach alpha coefficient was found as Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ; Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler, 2006) The MLQ is a 10-item self report scale designed to measure two dimensions of meaning in life using 5 items in each dimension. The Presence of Meaning (MLQ-P) subscale measures how full respondents feel their lives are of meaning. The Search for Meaning (MLQ-S) subscale measures how engaged and motivated respondents are in efforts to find meaning or deepen their understanding of meaning in their lives. Participants are asked to rate each item on a 7-point ranging from Absolutely Untrue (1) to Absolutely True (7). The Cronbach alpha coefficients were reported as.86 for MLQ-P and.87 for MLQ-S. Turkish adaptation was performed by Dursun (2012). Cronbach alpha coefficients were found as.83 for MLQ-P and.87 for MLQ-S. In this study, Cronbach alpha coefficient for each dimension was calculated as.76 for MLQ-P,.88 for MLQ-S Data Analysis After data cleaning and assumption checking procedure, correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression were run using SPSS program. 3. Results 3.1. Descriptive Information and Zero-order Correlations Descriptive analysis revealed that 99.8 % of students in our sample have experienced at least one traumatic event during their life-time. Among various types of events, the most distressing events that participants have experienced as follows: serious accidents (8.9%, N = 50), natural disasters (13.8%, N = 78), life-threatening illnesses (3%, N = 17), sexual assault by stranger (1.1%, N = 6), sexual assault by acquaintance (1.4%, N = 8), non-sexual assault by family member (1.6%, N = 9), non-sexual assault by stranger (1.8%, N = 10), Child sexual abuse (1.1%, N = 6), military conflict (0.9%, N = 5), torture (0.4%, N = 2), imprisonment (0.7%, N = 4), sudden/unexpected death (60.8%, N = 343), and other (4.6%, N = 26). As presented in Table 1, descriptive analyses indicated that participants reported moderate levels of growth, meaningful life and search for meaning differently from posttraumatic stress level which was lower than midpoint level (midpoint = 25.5). PTG was positively and significantly correlated with PTS (r =.36, p.<.01) and MLQ-P (r =.11, p.<.05), and MLQ-S (r =.09, p.<.05). Table 1. Means, Standard Deviations and the Correlation Matrix of the Variables Measures M SD Meaning in life-presence (MLQ-P) Meaning in life-search (MLQ-S) ** - 3. Posttraumatic stress (PTS) **.12 ** - 4. Posttraumatic growth total scores (PTG) *.090 *.36 ** - ** p.<.01 (2-tailed) *p.<.05 (2-tailed)
4 Pınar Dursun et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 159 ( 2014 ) Regression Analysis In order to evaluate how well demographic questions, meaning in life dimensions, and PTS predict PTG total scores, we conducted one hierarchical multiple regression analysis. As seen in Table 2, the predictor variables were entered in three steps. All of the variables explained 18% of the variance in PTG. The results revealed that the first model was not significant for sex and age on PTG (F (2, 557) =.347, p >.05). The second model and multiple regression coefficient were significant (F (4, 555) = 3.43, p <.01; R =.15, p <.001). After statistically controlling the effects of age and sex, presence of meaning and search for meaning added significantly to the model (F change = 6.51, p <.01) and this variable resulted in significant increase in explained variance (R 2 change =.02). Lastly, PTS was entered as third step explained a moderate proportion of the variance (F (5, 554) = 23.74, p <.001; R =.42, p <.001; R 2 change =.15, β =.41, t = 10.12, p <.001, F change = , p <.001). Table 2. Summary of Hierarchical Multiple Regression for the prediction of PTG total scores Steps B Std.Error Beta (β) T Part Step 1 Sex Age Step 2 MLQ-presence **.13 MLQ-search *.10 Step 3 Posttraumatic Stress ***.39 *** p.<.001, ** p.<.01, * p.< Discussion The goals of this study were firstly to find out the prevalence of most distressing traumatic events that students have experienced, secondly to investigate the associations among meaning in life dimensions, PTS severity, and PTG and lastly to examine the unique contributions of meaning in life dimensions and PTS severity in PTG. Regarding first purpose of the study, the findings revealed that 99.8% of the students were exposed to at least one traumatic event during their lives. This high prevalence rate is similar to the findings of Vrana and Lauterbach (1994) who demonstrated that 84% of college students reported at least one traumatic event in their life-time. In a study of Bernat, Ronfelldt, Calhoun, and Arias (1998) college students reported experiencing the most commonly natural disasters, and serious accidents. In our sample, students endorsed the sudden/unexpected death of loved ones as the most common event (60.8%, N = 343), natural disasters (13.8%, N = 78) subsequently. Regarding the second and third aims, the results supported that both the presence of meaning in life and searching for meaning dimensions as well as PTS positively predicted posttraumatic growth. As Tedeschi and Calhoun (2004) proposed, PTS should be severe enough to challenge the assumptions and beliefs regarding life priorities, relationships and global meaning system to have an impact. In linking PTG and PTS, previous studies include inconsistent findings displaying curvilinear, positive or negative relationship (e.g., Butler et al., 2005; Dekel et al., 2011). Our finding supports that PTS is the main contributor to growth by positively predicting 15% of the variance in PTG on its own. Regarding meaning in life dimensions, separately from the role of PTS, our study demonstrated that the meaning making process of both having a meaningful life and searching for a new meaning are significant additional pathways to growth, even though the unique contribution (R 2 Change =.02) is quite weaker than PTS (R 2 Change =.15). Inconsistent with our study, limited previous results (e.g., Linley & Joseph, 2011; Steger et al., 2008) showed that the search for meaning was not correlated with PTG unlike presence of meaning. Future studies should highlight especially the role of search for meaning in growth process. To conclude, the present study can illustrate important insights indicating that PTS and meaning in life dimensions have certain roles in explaining posttraumatic growth among university students. Nonetheless, the cross-sectional design with a convenient sample of university students may deter the generalizability of the findings. Further studies should endeavor to obtain larger and more varied samples with longitudinal designs for comparing theories and assumptions about posttraumatic growth. Acknowledgements This research has been funded by Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination (BAP) in
5 706 Pınar Dursun et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 159 ( 2014 ) Turkey. References American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: APA Bernat, J. A., Ronfeldt, H. M., Calhoun K. S., & Arias, I. (1998). Prevalence of traumatic e8vents and peritraumatic predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(4), Butler, I. D., Blasey, C. M., Garlan, R. W., McCaslin, S. E., Azarow, J., Chen X. H., Desjardins, J. C., DiMiceli, S., Seagraves, D. A., Hastings, T. A., Kraemer, H. C., & Spiegell, D. (2005). Posttraumatic growth following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001; Cognitive, coping, and trauma symptom predictors in an Internet convenience sample. Traumatology, 11(4), doi: / Dekel, S., Mandl, C., & Solomon, Z. (2011). Shared and unique predictors of post-traumatic growth and distress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3), doi: /jclp Dursun, P. (2012). The role of meaning in life, optimism, hope, coping styles in subjective well-being. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. Duru, C. (2006). Travma sonrasi stres belirtileri ve travma sonrasi buyumenin cesitli degiskenleri acisindan incelenmesi ve bir model onerisi. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Psychological Assessment, 9, Frankl, V. (1963). Man's search for meaning. Boston: Beacon Press Karanci, N., & Acarturk, C. (2005). Post-traumatic growth among Marmara earthquake survivors involved in disaster preparedness as volunteers. Traumatology, 11(4), 307. doi: / Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2011). Meaning in life and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16, Norris, F. H., & Kaniasty, K. (1996). Received and perceived support in times of stress: A test of the social deterioration deterrence model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), Park, C. L., Aldwin, C. M., Fenster, J. R., & Snyder, L. B. (2008). Pathways to posttraumatic growth versus posttraumatic stress: Coping and emotional reactions following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(3), Schroevers, M. J., & Teo, I. (2008). The report of posttraumatic growth in Malaysian cancer patients: Relationships with psychological distress and coping strategies. Psycho-oncology, 17, doi: /pon Steger, M. F., Bundick, M. J., & Yeager, D. (2012). Meaning in life. In R.J. R. Levesque (Eds), Encyclopedia of Adolescence, (pp ). Springer Science and Business Media. doi: / _316 Steger, M.F., & Frazier, P. (2005). Meaning in life: one link in the chain from religiousness to well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), Steger, M.F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), Steger, M. F., Frazier, P. A., & Zacchanini, J. L. (2008). Terrorism in two cultures: Stress and growth following September 11 and the Madrid train bombings. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 13, doi: / Steger, M.F., & Kashdan, T.B. (2007). Stability and specificity of meaning in life and life satisfaction over one year. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), Tedeschi, R. G., Park, C. L. & Calhoun, L. G. (2008). Posttraumatic Growth: Positive Changes in the Aftermath of Crisis. New York: Psychology Press. Vrana, S., & Lauterbach, D. (1994). Prevalence of traumatic events and post-traumatic psychological symptoms in a nonclinical sample of college students. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(2), doi: /jts
Running head: RELIGIOUS STRENGTH AND PTG 1
Running head: RELIGIOUS STRENGTH AND PTG 1 Religious Strength and Posttraumatic Growth: Examining the Effect of Alcohol Consumption in College Students Melissa Sawa and Valarie Pierson Faculty sponsor:
More informationA Correlational Test of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth, Religion, and Cognitive Processing
Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2000 A Correlational Test of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth, Religion, and Cognitive Processing Lawrence G. Calhoun, 1,2 Arnie Cann, 1 Richard
More informationPost-traumatic Growth
Post-traumatic Growth By Jenna Van Slyke, M.S. Naval Center for Combat & Operational Stress Control The Impact of Trauma For centuries, man has pondered what sustains the human spirit in times of extreme
More informationPosttraumatic Growth, Resilience, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Refugees
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 82 ( 2013 ) 144 148 World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012 Posttraumatic Growth, Resilience, and Posttraumatic
More informationA Cross-Cultural Study of Psychological Well-being Among British and Malaysian Fire Fighters
A Cross-Cultural Study of Psychological Well-being Among British and Malaysian Fire Fighters Mohd. Dahlan Hj. A. Malek, Ida Shafinaz Mohd Universiti Malaysia Sabah Abstract Psychological consideration
More informationPOSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND REDUCED PTSD FOR VETERANS THROUGH RECREATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND REDUCED PTSD FOR VETERANS THROUGH RECREATION Jessie
More informationValidation of Coping Styles and Emotions Undergraduate Inventory on Romanian Psychology Students
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 83 ( 2013 ) 1116 1120 2 nd World Conference on Educational Technology Researches WCETR2012 Validation of Coping Styles
More informationAre dimensions of psycho-social well-being different among Latvian and Romanian University students?
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33 (202) 855 859 PSIWORLD 20 Are dimensions of psycho-social different among and University students? Santa Vorone a,
More informationThe Positive Psychotherapy Inventory (PPTI): Reliability and Validity Study in Turkish Population
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 29 (2011) 81 86 International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2011) The Positive Psychotherapy
More informationBig five personality traits and coping styles predict subjective wellbeing: A study with a Turkish Sample
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 12 (2011) 426 435 577 581 International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2010) Big five personality
More informationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth Among Israeli Ex-POWs
Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 20, No. 3, June 2007, pp. 303 312 ( C 2007) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Growth Among Israeli Ex-POWs Zahava Solomon Adler Research Center, Tel Aviv
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 187 ( 2015 ) PSIWORLD 2014
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 187 ( 2015 ) 553 558 PSIWORLD 2014 "Is your career meaningful?" Exploring career calling on a Romanian
More informationThriving in College: The Role of Spirituality. Laurie A. Schreiner, Ph.D. Azusa Pacific University
Thriving in College: The Role of Spirituality Laurie A. Schreiner, Ph.D. Azusa Pacific University WHAT DESCRIBES COLLEGE STUDENTS ON EACH END OF THIS CONTINUUM? What are they FEELING, DOING, and THINKING?
More informationPosttraumatic Stress and Attributions in College Students after a Tornado. Introduction. Introduction. Sarah Scott & Lisa Beck
Posttraumatic Stress and Attributions in College Students after a Tornado Sarah Scott & Lisa Beck Department of Behavioral Sciences Faculty Mentor: Caleb W. Lack, Ph.D. Most adults will be exposed to a
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 140 ( 2014 ) PSYSOC 2013
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 140 ( 2014 ) 506 510 PSYSOC 2013 Personality Traits and Different Career Stages A Study on Indian School
More informationObsessive Compulsive Symptoms Predict Posttraumatic Growth: A Longitudinal Study
Journal of Loss and Trauma International Perspectives on Stress & Coping ISSN: 1532-5024 (Print) 1532-5032 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/upil20 Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms
More informationOlder P Pyshological Counseling and Guidance Needs Scale: Validity and reliability study
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 652 657 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) Older P Pyshological
More informationExamining of adaptability of academic optimism scale into Turkish language
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 ( 2012 ) 566 571 CY-ICER2012 Examining of adaptability of academic optimism scale into Turkish language Gulizar Yildiz
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) ERPA 2014
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) 720 724 ERPA 2014 The relationship between perceived inter-parental conflict and academic
More informationCity, University of London Institutional Repository
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Sawyer, A., Ayers, S., Young, D., Bradley, R. and Smith, H. (2012). Posttraumatic growth after childbirth: A prospective
More informationSeparation Anxiety Inventory: Validity and Reliability Study
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 1727 1731 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) Separation Anxiety
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) ERPA Academic functional procrastination: Validity and reliability study
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) 194 198 ERPA 2014 Academic functional procrastination: Validity and reliability study Mehmet
More informationGholam Hossein Javanmard a *
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 744 748 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) Religious Beliefs and
More informationPinar Dursun a *, Esin Tezer b
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 1550 1554 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) Turkish adaptation
More informationPublished by Elsevier. All rights reserved.
This is the accepted manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Personality and Individual Differences following peer review. The version of record, S. Hiskey, R. Ayres, L. Andres and
More informationEffects of Academic Procrastination on College Students Life Satisfaction
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 12 (2011) 512 519 International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2010) Effects of Academic Procrastination
More informationFactors Contributing to Resiliency in September 11th Disaster Relief Workers: A Proposal for Future Analysis
The Id: Graduate Faculty, Psychology Society Bulletin Volume 2, No. 1, 2004 Factors Contributing to Resiliency in September 11th Disaster Relief Workers: A Proposal for Future Analysis Michael E. Kramer,
More informationResilience, Posttraumatic Growth, and Refugee Mental Health in Australia
Resilience, Posttraumatic Growth, and Refugee Mental Health in Australia Dr. Wendy Li, Laura Cooling & Daniel J. Miller James Cook University Resilience, Posttraumatic Growth, and Refugee Mental Health
More informationSpiritual well-being and mental health in university students
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 5 (2010) 1477 1481 WCPCG-2010 Spiritual well-being and mental health in university students Esa Jafari a, Gholam Reza Dehshiri
More informationResilience and Wellbeing and its Relationship to Posttraumatic Stress and Growth in the Experience of Stressful/Adverse Events in Adults.
Resilience and Wellbeing and its Relationship to Posttraumatic Stress and Growth in the Experience of Stressful/Adverse Events in Adults. Julie Ann Pooley PhD Edith Cowan University Post Traumatic Stress
More informationPosttraumatic Cognitions, Avoidance Coping, Suicide, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescent Refugees
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scienc es 82 ( 2013 ) 261 265 World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012 Posttraumatic Cognitions, Avoidance Coping, Suicide,
More informationVitanya Vanno *, Wannee Kaemkate, Suwimon Wongwanich
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 116 ( 2014 ) 3226 3230 5 th World Conference on Educational Sciences - WCES 2013 Relationships between
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) ERPA A case study on defining leisure time motivation of recreation students
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 14 ) 734 739 ERPA 14 A case study on defining leisure time motivation of recreation students Safak
More informationDeployment Stressors, Coping, and. Psychological Well-Being Among Peacekeepers. Luigi Pastò, Ph.D., Don McCreary, Ph.D., Megan Thompson, Ph.D.
Deployment Stressors, Coping, and Psychological Well-Being Among Peacekeepers Luigi Pastò, Ph.D., Don McCreary, Ph.D., Megan Thompson, Ph.D. Defence Research and Development Toronto 1133 Sheppard Avenue
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 228 ( 2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 228 ( 2016 ) 154 160 2nd International Conference on Higher Education Advances, HEAd 16, 21-23 June 2016,
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) ERPA 2014
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) 446 450 ERPA 2014 The role of perceived leadership behaviors as predictor of assertiveness
More informationAn Investigation of the Relationship between Sources of Meaning of Life and Mental Health
Quarterly of Clinical Psychology Studies Allameh Tabataba i University Vol. 7, No. 28, Fall 2017, 57-65 An Investigation of the Relationship between Sources of Meaning of Life and Mental Health Abbas Rahiminezhad*
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) ERPA Flow experiences in university students. a, Seda Bayraktar b*
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) 830 834 ERPA 2014 Flow experiences in university students a, Seda Bayraktar b* a b Akdeniz
More informationDinu-Stefan Teodorescu 1*, Johan Siqveland 2, Trond Heir 3, Edvard Hauff 4,5, Tore Wentzel-Larsen 3,6,7 and Lars Lien 1,4,5
Teodorescu et al. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2012, 10:84 RESEARCH Open Access Posttraumatic growth, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, post-migration stressors and quality of
More informationEvolution of the Cancer Distress Coach App to Manage Stress in Cancer Survivors. Sophia K. Smith, PhD, MSW Associate Professor Duke School of Nursing
Evolution of the Cancer Distress Coach App to Manage Stress in Cancer Survivors Sophia K. Smith, PhD, MSW Associate Professor Duke School of Nursing Genomic and Precision Medicine Weekly Forum, September
More informationAnxiety: Trait/Sate, Sensation Seeking and Marital Satisfaction in Married Women
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 765 770 WCPCG-2011 Anxiety: Trait/Sate, Sensation Seeking and Marital Satisfaction in Married Women Mansour
More informationRelationship of Stress Coping Strategies and Life Satisfaction among Students
IPA International Journal of Psychology Vol. 8, No. 1, Winter & Spring 2014 PP. 156-165 Iranian Psychological Association Relationship of Stress Coping Strategies and Life Satisfaction among Students Bahman
More informationThe effectiveness of anger management skills training on reduction of aggression in adolescents
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 5 (2010) 1195 1199 WCPCG-2010 The effectiveness of anger management skills training on reduction of aggression in adolescents
More informationSURVEY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IDENTITY STYLE AND MARITAL SATISFACTION
: 4027-4032 ISSN: 2277 4998 SURVEY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IDENTITY STYLE AND MARITAL SATISFACTION SAADI BAYAZIDI* Department of Psychology, Pyame Noor University, PO. BOX, 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding
More informationFunction of life meaning and marital communication among Iranian spouses in Universiti Putra Malaysia
Universiti Putra Malaysia From the SelectedWorks of Siti Aishah Hassan Ph.D. 2010 Function of life meaning and marital communication among Iranian spouses in Universiti Putra Malaysia Siti Aishah Hassan,
More informationPsychology of Men & Masculinity
Psychology of Men & Masculinity Posttraumatic Growth in American and Japanese Men: Comparing Levels of Growth and Perceptions of Indicators of Growth Kanako Taku Online First Publication, August 20, 2012.
More informationUse of the Revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children
Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 22, No. 3, June 2009, pp. 248 253 ( C 2009) Use of the Revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children Ryan P. Kilmer, Virginia Gil-Rivas, Richard G. Tedeschi, Arnie
More informationInterventions and Training in Turkey
TRAINING IS PREVENTION: Psychosocial Interventions and Training in Turkey Nedret Oztan, Ph. D Bilkent University, Psychology Department nedretoztan@gmail.com Psychosocial Interventions Psychosocial School
More informationLung cancer-related emotional growth : the role of coping styles and prior trauma.
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses College of Arts & Sciences 5-2016 Lung cancer-related emotional
More informationGENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-REPORTED POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH: A META-ANALYSIS
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34 (2010), 110 120. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Printed in the USA. Copyright C 2010 Division 35, American Psychological Association. 0361-6843/10 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SELF-REPORTED
More informationRelation between emotional intelligence and quality of attachment in high school administrators
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 949 953 WCPCG-2011 Relation between emotional intelligence and quality of attachment in high school administrators
More informationThe role of emotional schema in prediction of pathological worry in Iranian students
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 (203) 994 998 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-202) The role of emotional schema
More informationSelf-esteem in Iranian university students and its relationship with academic achievement
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 31 (2012) 10 14 WCLTA 2011 Self-esteem in Iranian university students and its relationship with academic achievement Marayam Saadat a, Azizreza Ghasemzadeh b *,
More informationFirst published on: 03 February 2010
This article was downloaded by: [Cann, Arnie] On: 3 February 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 919056478] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered
More informationSikha Naik Mark Vosvick, Ph.D, Chwee-Lye Chng, Ph.D, and John Ridings, A.A. Center for Psychosocial Health
Sikha Naik Mark Vosvick, Ph.D, Chwee-Lye Chng, Ph.D, and John Ridings, A.A. Subhrasikha Naik Senior Study and research chronic diseases Participate in gathering data for Project Cope, which is focused
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 205 ( 2015 ) th World conference on Psychology Counseling and Guidance, May 2015
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 205 ( 2015 ) 480 484 6th World conference on Psychology Counseling and Guidance, 14-16 May 2015 Reasons
More informationThe effects of demographic variables on students responsible environmental behaviors
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 3244 3248 WCES 2012 The effects of demographic variables on students responsible environmental behaviors
More informationThe Stress Coping Strategies and Depressive Symptoms in International Students
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scienc es 84 ( 2013 ) 827 831 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) The Stress Coping Strategies
More informationTexas A&M University Texarkana. Global Perspective Inventory General Form Report
Global Perspective Inventory General Form Report April Introduction Thank you for participating in the Global Perspective Inventory (GPI). The Research Institute for Studies in Education (RISE) at Iowa
More informationVisualizing Career Pathways with the Bridge Drawing with Path (BDP) Olena Darewych, PhD, RCAT
Visualizing Career Pathways with the Bridge Drawing with Path (BDP) Olena Darewych, PhD, RCAT olenadarewych@gmail.com Meaning in Life the web of connections, understandings, and interpretations that help
More informationRational/irrational beliefs dynamics in adults
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 69 ( 2012 ) 2108 2113 International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY 2012) Rational/irrational
More informationWhen is Meaning in Life Most Beneficial to Young People? Styles of Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among Late Adolescents
Journal of Adult Development (2018) 25:96 106 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-017-9280-y When is Meaning in Life Most Beneficial to Young People? Styles of Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among Late Adolescents
More informationProlonged Grief Symptoms and Growth in the First 2 Years of Bereavement: Evidence for a Nonlinear Association
438948TMTXXX10.1177/153476 5612438948Currier et al.traumatology Prolonged Grief Symptoms and Growth in the First 2 Years of Bereavement: Evidence for a Nonlinear Association Traumatology 18(4) 65 71 The
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) ERPA 2014
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 ( 2014 ) 483 487 ERPA 2014 Evaluation of the correlation between decision-making styles and burnout
More informationA comparison of relationship between self esteem and vulnerability to depression among high school and freshmen university students
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 1324 1330 WCPCG-2011 A comparison of relationship between self esteem and vulnerability to depression among high school and freshmen university students
More informationVicarious Exposure to Trauma and Growth in Therapists: The Moderating Effects of Sense of Coherence, Organizational Support, and Empathy
Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 00, No. 0, 2011, pp. 1 8 ( C 2011) Vicarious Exposure to Trauma and Growth in Therapists: The Moderating Effects of Sense of Coherence, Organizational Support, and Empathy
More informationPDS Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale Profile Report Edna B. Foa, PhD
PDS Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale Profile Report Edna B. Foa, PhD ID Number: 12345 Age: 22 Gender: Male Date Assessed: 01/04/2004 Copyright 1995 NCS Pearson, Inc. All rights reserved. "PDS" is
More informationCorrelates of Posttraumatic Growth in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 19, No. 6, December 2006, pp. 895 903 ( C 2006) Correlates of Posttraumatic Growth in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Amanda R. Cobb, Richard G. Tedeschi, Lawrence
More informationThe Nottingham eprints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions.
Schueller, Stephen M. and Jayawickreme, Eranda and Blackie, Laura E.R. and Forgeard, Marie, J.C. and Roepke, Ann Marie (2014) Finding character strengths through loss: an extension of Peterson and Seligman
More informationPersonal Growth Interpretation of Goal Attainment as a New Construct Relevant to Well-being
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 185 ( 2015 ) 244 249 3rd World Conference on Psychology and Sociology, WCPS- 2014 Personal Growth Interpretation
More informationThe comparison of sensation seeking and five big factors of personality between internet dependents and non-dependents
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) 1029 1033 WCES-2011 The comparison of sensation seeking and five big factors of personality between internet
More informationHealth Behavioral Patterns Associated with Psychologic Distress Among Middle-Aged Korean Women
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Health Behavioral Patterns Associated with Psychologic Distress Among Middle-Aged Korean Women Hye-Sook Shin 1, PhD, RN, Jia Lee 2 *, PhD, RN, Kyung-Hee Lee 3, PhD, RN, Young-A Song 4,
More informationAmerican University of Beirut Department of Psychology PSYC 239 The Psychology of Trauma Spring 2017/18
American University of Beirut Department of Psychology PSYC 239 The Psychology of Trauma Spring 2017/18 Professor: Tima El-Jamil, Ph.D. Email: FA25@aub.edu.lb Office: Jesup Hall 101 Texts: Herman, J. (2015).
More informationEffects of Trauma Intensity on Posttraumatic Growth: Depression, Social Support, Coping, and Gender
Effects of Trauma Intensity on Posttraumatic Growth: Depression, Social Support, Coping, and Gender Author: Jennifer M. Steward Faculty Mentor: Dr. Adriel Boals, Psychology Department, College of Arts
More informationMidwest University. Global Perspective Inventory New Student Report
Global Perspective Inventory New Student Report March 9, 7 Introduction Thank you for participating in the Global Perspective Inventory (GPI). The Research Institute for Studies in Education (RISE) at
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 191 ( 2015 ) WCES 2014
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 191 ( 2015 ) 2549 2553 WCES 2014 The Relationship Between Self-Regulation, Motivation And Performance At
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 141 ( 2014 ) WCLTA 2013
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 141 ( 2014 ) 30 34 WCLTA 2013 University Students Strengths Associated With An Optimal Academic And Professional
More informationThe relation between attachment and personal and social adjustment mediated by separation-individuation
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2010) 4048 4053 WCES-2010 The relation between attachment and personal and social adjustment mediated by separation-individuation
More informationMethodology. Outcomes of interest and measures used. Statistical analysis
ht t p: / / doi. or g/ 10. 4038/ s l j ps yc. v8i 2. 8154 Kaushalya and Ponnamperuma since the trauma and other individual and environmental factors may affect the trauma-mental health relationship. These
More informationComparison between high school students in cognitive and affective coping Strategies
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 ( 2012 ) 289 293 WCES 2012 Comparison between high school students in cognitive and affective coping Strategies Ezat
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 180 ( 2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 180 ( 2015 ) 332 337 The 6th International Conference Edu World 2014 Education Facing Contemporary World
More informationMidwest University. Global Perspective Inventory Study Abroad Form Report
Global Perspective Inventory Study Abroad Form Report March, 9 27 2 Introduction Thank you for participating in the Global Perspective Inventory (GPI). The Research Institute for Studies in Education (RISE)
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) WCPCG-2011
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 171 175 WCPCG-2011 An investigation of the relationship between coping s and psychological adaptation with
More informationChild's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale-Revised CRTES-R
MEASURE NAME: Acronym: CRTES-R Basic Description Author(s): Author Contact: Author Email: Citation: To Obtain: E-mail: Website: Cost per copy (in US $): Copyright: Description: Theoretical Orientation
More informationSocial Identity and gender. Counseling needs in adults
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33 (2012) 776 780 PSIWORLD 2011 Social Identity and gender. Counseling needs in adults Cristian Vasile a* a Petroleum Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucuresti
More informationA Longitudinal Model of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Adults Affected by Hurricane Katrina
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 A Longitudinal Model of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Adults Affected by Hurricane Katrina
More informationDevelopment of self efficacy and attitude toward analytic geometry scale (SAAG-S)
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 55 ( 2012 ) 20 27 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW HORIZONS IN EDUCATION INTE2012 Development of self efficacy and attitude
More informationFamily Expectations, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement among African American College Students
Family Expectations, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement among African American College Students Mia Bonner Millersville University Abstract Previous research (Elion, Slaney, Wang and French, 2012) found
More informationInvestigating Motivation for Physical Activity among Minority College Females Using the BREQ-2
Investigating Motivation for Physical Activity among Minority College Females Using the BREQ-2 Gherdai Hassel a, Jeffrey John Milroy a, and Muhsin Michael Orsini a Adolescents who engage in regular physical
More informationPerspectives of Faculty of Education Students on Autism Spectrum Disorders in North Cyprus
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 190 ( 2015 ) 399 408 2nd GLOBAL CONFERENCE on PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCHES, 28-29, November 2014 Perspectives
More informationPosttraumatic Growth: Psychological Reconstruction in the Aftermath of Disaster. Richard G. Tedeschi, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology UNC Charlotte
Posttraumatic Growth: Psychological Reconstruction in the Aftermath of Disaster Richard G. Tedeschi, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology UNC Charlotte Reconstruction Needed Trauma--Broadly defined Threat to
More informationPost-traumatic growth in parents after a child s admission to intensive care: maybe Nietzsche was right?
Intensive Care Med (2009) 35:919 923 DOI 10.1007/s00134-009-1444-1 PEDIATRIC BRIEF REPORT Gillian Colville Penelope Cream Post-traumatic growth in parents after a child s admission to intensive care: maybe
More informationLife after bushfire: Post-traumatic stress, coping and post-traumatic growth
Volume 15 Issue 3 Article 2 Life after bushfire: Post-traumatic stress, coping and post-traumatic growth Jackie Hooper University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Lynne Magor-Blatch University
More informationThe Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Perception Of False Self Scale
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 84 ( 2013 ) 88 92 3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012) The Validity And Reliability
More informationThe Relationship between Spiritual Well-Being and Academic Achievement
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2013; www.european-science.com Vol.2, No.3 Special Issue on Accounting and Management. ISSN 1805-3602 The Relationship between Spiritual Well-Being
More informationTrauma: From Surviving to Thriving The survivors experiences and service providers roles
Trauma: From Surviving to Thriving The survivors experiences and service providers roles Building Awareness, Skills & Knowledge: A Community Response to the Torture Survivor Experience Objectives 1. To
More informationRelationships between caregiver support, self-blame, and sexual anxiety in sexually
Kayla Epp Relationships between caregiver support, self-blame, and sexual anxiety in sexually abused children Abstract Child sexual abuse (CSA) has detrimental effects on the child and the family. This
More informationThe role of the family in child and adolescent posttraumatic stress following attendance at an. emergency department
The role of the family in child and adolescent posttraumatic stress following attendance at an emergency department Key words: PTSD, children, parents. Running Head: FAMILY INFLUENCES ON CHILD PTSD Abstract
More informationThriving After Trauma: Posttraumatic Growth Following the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence
Thriving After Trauma: Posttraumatic Growth Following the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence Rebekah Smith 1, Virginia V W McIntosh 2,3, Janet D Carter 1, Helen Colhoun 3, Jenny Jordan 2,3, Frances A Carter
More informationWestern University,,Vasile Goldis of Arad
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 89 ( 2013 ) 720 724 2 nd Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research, (CY-ICER 2013) Stress-Related
More information