CS 520 Theory and Practice of Software Engineering Fall 2017
|
|
|
- Kory Conley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CS 520 Theory and Practice of Software Engineering Fall 2017 Experimental design and validity October 12, 2017
2 Today The scientific method. Internal, external, and construct validity. Reasoning about two empirical studies. Paper discussion: Views on Internal and External Validity in Empirical Software Engineering
3 The scientific method Question
4 The scientific method Question Observations
5 The scientific method Question Observations Hypothesis Experiment Predictions
6 The scientific method Question Observations Hypothesis Experiment Predictions
7 The scientific method Falsifiable Question Observations Hypothesis Experiment Predictions
8 The scientific method Falsifiable Question Observations Hypothesis Experiment Predictions Data collection and analysis! Repeatable
9 The scientific method: common mistake Question Data collection Observations Hypothesis Data Analysis Predictions
10 The scientific method: common mistake Question Data collection Observations Hypothesis Data Analysis Predictions "If you torture the data long enough, it will confess." (Ronald Harry Coase)
11 Internal, external, and construct validity Internal validity External validity Construct validity
12 Internal, external, and construct validity Internal validity How well does the experimental design isolate the effect/variables that it studies (i.e., control for confounds)? External validity How well does the experimental design generalize to the real world (i.e., other populations, situations, etc.)? Construct validity How well does the experimental design measure what it is supposed to measure? Does it use the right metrics and collect the right measurements?
13 Internal validity: a classic example Internal validity How well does the experimental design isolate the effect/variables that it studies (i.e., control for confounds)? Classic example Murder rates and ice cream sales are highly positively correlated. Possible explanations?
14 Internal validity: a classic example Internal validity How well does the experimental design isolate the effect/variables that it studies (i.e., control for confounds)? Classic example Murder rates and ice cream sales are highly positively correlated. Possible explanations? Possibilities: Resurrected zombies primarily feed off ice cream Excessive ice cream consumption makes others jealous
15 Internal validity: a classic example Internal validity How well does the experimental design isolate the effect/variables that it studies (i.e., control for confounds)? Classic example Murder rates and ice cream sales are highly positively correlated. Possible explanations? Possibilities: Resurrected zombies primarily feed off ice cream Excessive ice cream consumption makes others jealous Actually, the weather is a non-controlled confound!
16 Threats to validity: example experiment Research question: Does coffee consumption improve code quality? Methodology I program on project 1 on Mondays with coffee. I program on project 2 on Fridays without coffee. Measure code quality in number of defects I encounter. Measure coffee consumption in dollars spent on coffee beans, as listed on my grocery-shopping receipt.
17 Threats to validity: example experiment Research question: Does coffee consumption improve code quality? Methodology I program on project 1 on Mondays with coffee. I program on project 2 on Fridays without coffee. Measure code quality in number of defects I encounter. Measure coffee consumption in dollars spent on coffee beans, as listed on my grocery-shopping receipt. What are threats to construct, internal, and external validity?
18 Another empirical study Goal: Studying the relationship between time spent on studying Java and success rate in completing coding assignment. Methodology: 75 participants are randomly selected in front of LGRT. Each participant is given a high-level overview of the study. Each participant decides on how long to study before attempting to solve any coding assignment. Each participant solves as many coding assignments as possible in one hour (after studying).
19 Overall results Number of completed tasks/assignments Hours spent on studying Java Conclusion: Spending more time on learning Java makes you a worse Java programmer.
20 Overall results Number of completed tasks/assignments Hours spent on studying Java Goal: Each group comes up with a testable hypothesis about the data. Each group comes up with 2 methodology questions. Something is fishy Is there a dead salmon in here somewhere?
21 Results per group (field of study) Number of completed tasks/assignments CS majors Field x Field y Hours spent on studying Java This phenomenon is called: Simpson s paradox.
22 Paper discussion Views on Internal and External Validity in Empirical Software Engineering High-level topics Internal validity External validity Construct validity Open discussion Is there a tradeoff between internal and external validity? Should we maximize internal or external validity? How representative are students as developers?
UNIT II: RESEARCH METHODS
THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE UNIT II: RESEARCH METHODS Module 4: The Need for Psychological Science Module 5: Scientific Method and Description Module 6: Correlation and Experimentation
Political Science 30: Political Inquiry Section 1
Political Science 30: Political Inquiry Section 1 Taylor Carlson tncarlson@ucsd.edu January 10, 2019 Carlson POLI 30-Section 1 January 10, 2019 1 / 16 Learning Outcomes By the end of section today, you
3.4 What are some cautions in analyzing association?
3.4 What are some cautions in analyzing association? Objectives Extrapolation Outliers and Influential Observations Correlation does not imply causation Lurking variables and confounding Simpson s Paradox
motivation workbook why do you want to change?
motivation workbook why do you want to change? Start by figuring out your personal reasons for wanting to change. Here are some interesting truths about reasons for change: The clearer you are in your
Observations & Data! Biology = the Study of Life. ! Data = Recorded Observations. ! Scientific instruments
What is Science? The Science of BIOLOGY Science is a process of questioning. Science as Inquiry Observations & Data! Biology = the Study of Life! Observations = The use of the senses to gather and record
Experimental Research in HCI. Alma Leora Culén University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Design
Experimental Research in HCI Alma Leora Culén University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, Design almira@ifi.uio.no INF2260/4060 1 Oslo, 15/09/16 Review Method Methodology Research methods are simply
The degree to which a measure is free from error. (See page 65) Accuracy
Accuracy The degree to which a measure is free from error. (See page 65) Case studies A descriptive research method that involves the intensive examination of unusual people or organizations. (See page
lab exam lab exam Experimental Design Experimental Design when: Nov 27 - Dec 1 format: length = 1 hour each lab section divided in two
lab exam when: Nov 27 - Dec 1 length = 1 hour each lab section divided in two register for the exam in your section so there is a computer reserved for you If you write in the 1st hour, you can t leave
Experimentation Design in Software Engineering & Computer Science. Ways to Acquire Knowledge. Jeff Offutt.
Experimentation Design in Software Engineering & Computer Science Ways to Acquire Knowledge Adapted from SWE 763 : Software Engineering Experimentation Jeff Offutt http://www.ise.gmu.edu/~offutt/ Measuring
Experimentation Design in Software Engineering & Computer Science. Ways to Acquire Knowledge
Experimentation Design in Software Engineering & Computer Science Ways to Acquire Knowledge Adapted from SWE 763 : Software Engineering Experimentation Jeff Offutt http://www.ise.gmu.edu/~offutt/ Goals
Scientific Research. The Scientific Method. Scientific Explanation
Scientific Research The Scientific Method Make systematic observations. Develop a testable explanation. Submit the explanation to empirical test. If explanation fails the test, then Revise the explanation
Theory Building and Hypothesis Testing. POLI 205 Doing Research in Politics. Theory. Building. Hypotheses. Testing. Fall 2015
and and Fall 2015 and The Road to Scientific Knowledge and Make your Theories Causal Think in terms of causality X causes Y Basis of causality Rules of the Road Time Ordering: The cause precedes the effect
Quantitative research Methods. Tiny Jaarsma
Quantitative research Methods Tiny Jaarsma 2018-10-01 2 Content today The scientific method A few specific reflection on quantitative issues Randomization Intervention Blinding Sampling Groups of quantitative
Research in the Social Sciences. Saturday, February 3, 18
Research in the Social Sciences All sciences (including social sciences) rely on empirical evidence (information we can verify with our senses Write this Down Common Sense vs. Evidence Poor people are
Elementary statistics. Michael Ernst CSE 140 University of Washington
Elementary statistics Michael Ernst CSE 140 University of Washington A dice-rolling game Two players each roll a die The higher roll wins Goal: roll as high as you can! Repeat the game 6 times Hypotheses
Overview of Experimentation
The Basics of Experimentation Overview of Experiments. IVs & DVs. Operational Definitions. Reliability. Validity. Internal vs. External Validity. Classic Threats to Internal Validity. Lab: FP Overview;
Quantitative research Methods. Tiny Jaarsma
Quantitative research Methods Tiny Jaarsma 2018-02-26 2 The scientific method A few specific reflection on quantitative issues Randomization Intervention Blinding Sampling The scientific method: fundamentals
Confounding and Effect Modification
Confounding and Effect Modification Karen Bandeen-Roche, Ph.D. Hurley-Dorrier Chair and Professor of Biostatistics July 17, 2012 JHU Intro to Clinical Research 1 Outline 1. Causal inference: comparing
The Grocery Excursion
Transparency/Blackline Master Grade 5 Day 38 Standard 5.NBT.7 The Grocery Excursion Name: Date: You are visiting your grandparents for one week and have been given $200 to purchase groceries for the three
Homework #3. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Homework #3 Name Due Due on on February Tuesday, Due on February 17th, Sept Friday 28th 17th, Friday SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Fill
Chapter 4: More about Relationships between Two-Variables Review Sheet
Review Sheet 4. Which of the following is true? A) log(ab) = log A log B. D) log(a/b) = log A log B. B) log(a + B) = log A + log B. C) log A B = log A log B. 5. Suppose we measure a response variable Y
LEARNING. Learning. Type of Learning Experiences Related Factors
LEARNING DEFINITION: Learning can be defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior or modification in behavior or behavior potentials that occur as a result of practice or experience. According
Clicker quiz: Should the cocaine trade be legalized? (either answer will tell us if you are here or not) 1. yes 2. no
Clicker quiz: Should the cocaine trade be legalized? (either answer will tell us if you are here or not) 1. yes 2. no Economic Liberalism Summary: Assumptions: self-interest, rationality, individual freedom
7) Use a place value chart to solve. Then, write your answer in standard form. 15 and 2 tenths 9 thousandths + 2 and 3 hundredths 2 thousandths =
Decimal Operations Addition Classwork Solve the following problems: PMI 5 th Grade, Unit 2 Decimal Computation 1) 65.24 + 72.11 = 4) 34.12 + 0.9 = 2) 8.29 + 0.31 = 5) 0.234 + 0.541 = 3) 159.34 + 2.64 =
Biostatistics and Design of Experiments Prof. Mukesh Doble Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Biostatistics and Design of Experiments Prof Mukesh Doble Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture 02 Experimental Design Strategy Welcome back to the course on Biostatistics
CSC2130: Empirical Research Methods for Software Engineering
CSC2130: Empirical Research Methods for Software Engineering Steve Easterbrook sme@cs.toronto.edu www.cs.toronto.edu/~sme/csc2130/ 2004-5 Steve Easterbrook. This presentation is available free for non-commercial
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LAWRENCE HIGH SCHOOL STATISTICS & PROBABILITY CURRICULUM MAP 2015-2016 Quarter 1 Unit 1 Collecting Data and Drawing Conclusions Unit 2 Summarizing Data Quarter 2 Unit 3 Randomness
Simpson s Paradox and the implications for medical trials
Simpson s Paradox and the implications for medical trials Norman Fenton, Martin Neil and Anthony Constantinou 31 August 2015 Abstract This paper describes Simpson s paradox, and explains its serious implications
Survival Skills for Researchers. Study Design
Survival Skills for Researchers Study Design Typical Process in Research Design study Collect information Generate hypotheses Analyze & interpret findings Develop tentative new theories Purpose What is
Problem Set and Review Questions 2
Problem Set and Review Questions 2 1. (Review of what we did in class) Imagine a hypothetical college that offers only two social science majors: Economics and Sociology. The economics department has 4
Why we get hungry: Module 1, Part 1: Full report
Why we get hungry: Module 1, Part 1: Full report Print PDF Does Anyone Understand Hunger? Hunger is not simply a signal that your stomach is out of food. It s not simply a time when your body can switch
The Game Prisoners Really Play: Preference Elicitation and the Impact of Communication
The Game Prisoners Really Play: Preference Elicitation and the Impact of Communication Michael Kosfeld University of Zurich Ernst Fehr University of Zurich October 10, 2003 Unfinished version: Please do
Experimentally Investigating the Effects of Defects in UML Models
Experimentally Investigating the Effects of Defects in UML Models Christian Lange C.F.J.Lange@TUE.nl www.win.tue.nl/~clange www.win.tue.nl/empanada SAN meeting February 11 th, 25 Overview Introduction
PSYCHOLOGY S ROOTS, BIG IDEAS AND CRITICAL THINKING TOOLS CHAPTER 1 MYERS AND DEWALL
PSYCHOLOGY S ROOTS, BIG IDEAS AND CRITICAL THINKING TOOLS CHAPTER 1 MYERS AND DEWALL CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW PSYCHOLOGY S ROOTS FOUR BIG IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY WHY DO PSYCHOLOGY ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS
Selecting a research method
Selecting a research method Tomi Männistö 13.10.2005 Overview Theme Maturity of research (on a particular topic) and its reflection on appropriate method Validity level of research evidence Part I Story
What is Data? Part 2: Patterns & Associations. INFO-1301, Quantitative Reasoning 1 University of Colorado Boulder
What is Data? Part 2: Patterns & Associations INFO-1301, Quantitative Reasoning 1 University of Colorado Boulder August 29, 2016 Prof. Michael Paul Prof. William Aspray Overview This lecture will look
Biology Cellular Respiration Neatly answer all questions completely for credit. Show all work.
Teacher Notes Time: 45 minutes (plus 15 minutes for teacher preparation over two days) Student Difficult: moderate Purpose: Investigate cellular respiration in dormant and germinated seeds Overview: Students
At Merck, ethics are our first priority. We are looking for scientists, managers, administrators, and workers who share this priority.
Ethics At Merck, ethics are our first priority. We are looking for scientists, managers, administrators, and workers who share this priority. Give your thoughts, in a paragraph, on the important factors
Welcome to OSA Training Statistics Part II
Welcome to OSA Training Statistics Part II Course Summary Using data about a population to draw graphs Frequency distribution and variability within populations Bell Curves: What are they and where do
UNIT. Experiments and the Common Cold. Biology. Unit Description. Unit Requirements
UNIT Biology Experiments and the Common Cold Unit Description Content: This course is designed to familiarize the student with concepts in biology and biological research. Skills: Main Ideas and Supporting
ull file at
1 Student: 1. Psychology is. A. a type of science B. the study of mental processes C. the study of human behavior D. All of these 2. Dr. Amani is interested in investigating why women are more able to
Kitchen Tools & Trends That Support Healthy Eating with Laura Chalela Hoover, MPH, RDN
Kitchen Tools & Trends That Support Healthy Eating with Laura Chalela Hoover, MPH, RDN About Me Consultant: trend-watcher, strategist, writer Founder: Smart Eating for Kids Author: Mom s Sugar Solution
Living Beyond Breast Cancer s Reach & Raise About Living Beyond Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Facts
TEAM CAPTAIN GUIDE Thank you for your interest in becoming a team captain for Living Beyond Breast Cancer s Reach & Raise! As a captain, you ll build and inspire your team to raise funds for and awareness
Chapter 1: Food Guide Pyramid
Chapter 1: Food Guide Pyramid Goals 1. When given a list of the five food groups on the USDA Food Guide Pyramid, student will read the name of each group and write the name in the appropriate place on
Learn to use informal measures of probability.
10-1 Probability Learn to use informal measures of probability. 10-1 Probability Insert Lesson Title Here experiment outcome event probability equally likely impossible certain Vocabulary 10-1 Probability
Audio: In this lecture we are going to address psychology as a science. Slide #2
Psychology 312: Lecture 2 Psychology as a Science Slide #1 Psychology As A Science In this lecture we are going to address psychology as a science. Slide #2 Outline Psychology is an empirical science.
WRITTEN PRELIMINARY Ph.D. EXAMINATION. Department of Applied Economics. January 17, Consumer Behavior and Household Economics.
WRITTEN PRELIMINARY Ph.D. EXAMINATION Department of Applied Economics January 17, 2012 Consumer Behavior and Household Economics Instructions Identify yourself by your code letter, not your name, on each
Human Computer Interaction - An Introduction
NPTEL Course on Human Computer Interaction - An Introduction Dr. Pradeep Yammiyavar Professor, Dept. of Design, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India Dr. Samit Bhattacharya Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer
PYSC 224 Introduction to Experimental Psychology
PYSC 224 Introduction to Experimental Psychology Session 6 Quasi Experiments and Faulty Experimental Designs Part 1 & 2 Lecturer: Dr. Margaret Amankwah-Poku, Dept. of Psychology Contact Information: mamankwah-poku@ug.edu.gh
Chapter 4: More about Relationships between Two-Variables
1. Which of the following scatterplots corresponds to a monotonic decreasing function f(t)? A) B) C) D) G Chapter 4: More about Relationships between Two-Variables E) 2. Which of the following transformations
STATISTICS INFORMED DECISIONS USING DATA
STATISTICS INFORMED DECISIONS USING DATA Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Describing the Relation between Two Variables 4.1 Scatter Diagrams and Correlation Learning Objectives 1. Draw and interpret scatter diagrams
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PART I. If you've got the truth you can demonstrate it. Talking doesn't prove it. Robert A. Heinlein
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PART I If you've got the truth you can demonstrate it. Talking doesn't prove it. Robert A. Heinlein THE GOAL OF SCIENCE explain why something happens make generalizations look for
Causal Inference in Statistics A primer, J. Pearl, M Glymur and N. Jewell
Causal Inference in Statistics A primer, J. Pearl, M Glymur and N. Jewell Rina Dechter Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences 6/7/2018 dechter, class 8, 276-18 The book of Why Pearl https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/01/business/dealbook/revi
Predictors of Total Calories Purchased at Fast-food Restaurants: Restaurant Characteristics, Calorie Awareness, and Use of Calorie Information
Predictors of Total Calories Purchased at Fast-food Restaurants: Restaurant Characteristics, Calorie Awareness, and Use of Calorie Information Ian Brissette, PhD, Director Bureau of Chronic Disease Evaluation
Independent Variables Variables (factors) that are manipulated to measure their effect Typically select specific levels of each variable to test
Controlled Experiments experimental investigation of a testable hypothesis, in which conditions are set up to isolate the variables of interest ("independent variables") and test how they affect certain
Test-Driven Development
On the Influence of Test-Driven Development on Software Design by SzeChernTan School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 12 February 2009 Agenda Introduction Overview of paper Experimental design Results
Nature of Science and Scientific Method Guided Notes
Anything present in the environment, around the world, living, non-living everything is included in science. Science can be knowledge, science can be a fun, it can be a fact, a discovery, a law, a solved
Asking and answering research questions. What s it about?
2 Asking and answering research questions What s it about? (Social Psychology pp. 24 54) Social psychologists strive to reach general conclusions by developing scientific theories about why people behave
about Eat Stop Eat is that there is the equivalent of two days a week where you don t have to worry about what you eat.
Brad Pilon 1 2 3 ! For many people, the best thing about Eat Stop Eat is that there is the equivalent of two days a week where you don t have to worry about what you eat.! However, this still means there
Communication Research Practice Questions
Communication Research Practice Questions For each of the following questions, select the best answer from the given alternative choices. Additional instructions are given as necessary. Read each question
Penny Rheingans. Evaluation of Visualization
Evaluation CMSC 436/636 Penny Rheingans University of Maryland, Baltimore County Evaluation of Visualization Is this technique useful? For what? To whom? Why is this technique useful? What other techniques
Purchasing Patterns for Nutritional-Enhanced Foods: The case of Calcium-Enriched Orange Juice
Purchasing Patterns for Nutritional-Enhanced Foods: The case of Calcium-Enriched Orange Juice By Alla Golub, James J Binkley, and Mark Denbaly Dept of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University; (Golub
EXPERIMENTAL AND EX POST FACTO DESIGNS M O N A R A H I M I
EXPERIMENTAL AND EX POST FACTO DESIGNS M O N A R A H I M I EXPERIMENTAL AND EX POST FACTO DESIGN To strongly identify cause-and-effect relationships Experimental Design EXPERIMENTAL AND EX POST FACTO DESIGN
Ketogenic Diet: Challenge - The Ketogenic Diet For Beginners Cookbook For Maximu (FREE Books, Ketogenic Diet Mistakes, Weight Loss, Vegan) By
Ketogenic Diet: Challenge - The Ketogenic Diet For Beginners Cookbook For Maximu (FREE Books, Ketogenic Diet Mistakes, Weight Loss, Vegan) By Savannah Samaria Ketogenic Diet Challenge The Ketogenic Diet
Last week: Introduction, types of empirical studies. Also: scribe assignments, project details
Last week: Introduction, types of empirical studies Today: Types of data, Internal and external validity (slides from Human-Computer Interaction, An Empirical Research Perspective) Also: scribe assignments,
REVIEW PROBLEMS FOR FIRST EXAM
M358K Sp 6 REVIEW PROBLEMS FOR FIRST EXAM Please Note: This review sheet is not intended to tell you what will or what will not be on the exam. However, most of these problems have appeared on or are very
Statistical Techniques. Masoud Mansoury and Anas Abulfaraj
Statistical Techniques Masoud Mansoury and Anas Abulfaraj What is Statistics? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmmzj7599pw The definition of Statistics The practice or science of collecting and analyzing
Experimental design (continued)
Experimental design (continued) Spring 2017 Michelle Mazurek Some content adapted from Bilge Mutlu, Vibha Sazawal, Howard Seltman 1 Administrative No class Tuesday Homework 1 Plug for Tanu Mitra grad student
Students will demonstrate knowledge of an experiment by identifying different types of variables.
Students will demonstrate knowledge of an experiment by identifying different types of variables. Research Methods It is actually way more exciting than it sounds!!!! Why do we have to learn this stuff?
Disposition. Quantitative Research Methods. Science what it is. Basic assumptions of science. Inductive and deductive logic
Quantitative Research Methods Sofia Ramström Medicinska vetenskaper, Örebro Universitet Diagnostikcentrum, klinisk kemi, Region Östergötland Disposition I. What is science and what is quantitative science?
The main objectives of this session are:
Agenda and Objectives Session 1 Handout: Activity 1. Introduction and sharing concerns/expectations 2. Summary and aims of the program 3. Your views: Using the shopping list Balance and strength exercises
Vanilla flavoring made by yeast*
Vanilla flavoring made by yeast* Ice cream and many other sweet treats taste like vanilla. Pure vanilla extract comes from the beans of orchid plants, which are scarce and costly. Artificial (or imitation)
News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons 1,000 IDEAS & ACTIVITIES FOR LANGUAGE TEACHERS The Breaking News English.com Resource Book http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/book.html Warmer
AIM #4: DEFINE SCIENCE AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
AIM #4: DEFINE SCIENCE AND EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Aim #4: Define science and explain the process of the scientific method Textbook Pages: 11-21 DO NOW: IN YOUR OWN WORDS, DEFINE OBSERVATION:
An Evaluation of Arkansas Cooking Matters Program. Tracey M. Barnett, PhD, LMSW Alex Handfinger, MPS, MPH
An Evaluation of Arkansas Cooking Matters Program Tracey M. Barnett, PhD, LMSW Alex Handfinger, MPS, MPH Outline of the Presentation Literature Review Methods Results Discussion Limitations Implications
Key questions when starting an econometric project (Angrist & Pischke, 2009):
Econometric & other impact assessment approaches to policy analysis Part 1 1 The problem of causality in policy analysis Internal vs. external validity Key questions when starting an econometric project
Science as a Process. Science. Who uses it? What is it? Why should I care?
Science as a Process Science Who uses it? What is it? Why should I care? Do you have any problems to solve? Any big or any small ones? Any of these sound familiar? Where are My Shoes? What should I have
Instructions for doing two-sample t-test in Excel
Instructions for doing two-sample t-test in Excel (1) If you do not see Data Analysis in the menu, this means you need to use Add-ins and make sure that the box in front of Analysis ToolPak is checked.
Hypothesis-Driven Research
Hypothesis-Driven Research Research types Descriptive science: observe, describe and categorize the facts Discovery science: measure variables to decide general patterns based on inductive reasoning Hypothesis-driven
PLANNING THE RESEARCH PROJECT
Van Der Velde / Guide to Business Research Methods First Proof 6.11.2003 4:53pm page 1 Part I PLANNING THE RESEARCH PROJECT Van Der Velde / Guide to Business Research Methods First Proof 6.11.2003 4:53pm
Lecture 9 Internal Validity
Lecture 9 Internal Validity Objectives Internal Validity Threats to Internal Validity Causality Bayesian Networks Internal validity The extent to which the hypothesized relationship between 2 or more variables
CHAPTER 2 APPLYING SCIENTIFIC THINKING TO MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
Cambodian Mekong University is the university that cares for the value of education MN 400: Research Methods CHAPTER 2 APPLYING SCIENTIFIC THINKING TO MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Teacher: Pou, Sovann Sources of
III. WHAT ANSWERS DO YOU EXPECT?
III. WHAT ANSWERS DO YOU EXPECT? IN THIS CHAPTER: Theories and Hypotheses: Definitions Similarities and Differences Why Theories Cannot be Verified The Importance of Theories Types of Hypotheses Hypotheses
PSYC1024 Clinical Perspectives on Anxiety, Mood and Stress
PSYC1024 Clinical Perspectives on Anxiety, Mood and Stress LECTURE 1 WHAT IS SCIENCE? SCIENCE is a standardised approach of collecting and gathering information and answering simple and complex questions
What is Statistics? (*) Collection of data Experiments and Observational studies. (*) Summarizing data Descriptive statistics.
What is Statistics? The science of collecting, summarizing and analyzing data. In particular, Statistics is concerned with drawing inferences from a sample about the population from which the sample was
TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO ACTION. Why randomize? Dan Levy. Harvard Kennedy School
TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO ACTION Why randomize? Dan Levy Harvard Kennedy School Your background Course Overview 1. What is evaluation? 2. Measuring impacts (outcomes, indicators) 3. Why randomize? 4. How
Presentation Overview
Healthy Living Strategies Presentation Overview Create a Healthy Diet Choose Nutrients for a Healthy Diet Benefits of Exercise CreateanExercisePlan an Manage Stress Utilize TEAM Wellness Guide Create a
City of Minneapolis Healthier Beverage Initiative Talking Points - suggested answers for partners
1 City of Minneapolis Healthier Beverage Initiative Talking Points - suggested answers for partners Being prepared for tough questions from employees, visitors, community members, and the media is an important
Lesson 1 Understanding Science
Lesson 1 Student Labs and Activities Page Content Vocabulary 6 Lesson Outline 7 Content Practice A 9 Content Practice B 10 School to Home 11 Key Concept Builders 12 Enrichment 16 Challenge 17 Scientific
Walking Log Instructions & Samples
Walking Log Instructions & Samples EXERCISE REQUIREMENTS 1. You are required to have 12 weeks of physical activity for this course. 2. Your weekly workouts must equal at least 3 hours of physical activity
The first step to managing stress is to understand its nature
Excerpted from 5 Steps to Reducing Stress: Recognizing What Works Recognizing Stress The first step to managing stress is to understand its nature as well as your preferred way of initiating a relaxation
10. Introduction to Multivariate Relationships
10. Introduction to Multivariate Relationships Bivariate analyses are informative, but we usually need to take into account many variables. Many explanatory variables have an influence on any particular
What is Science 2009 What is science?
What is science? The question we want to address is seemingly simple, but turns out to be quite difficult to answer: what is science? It is reasonable to ask such a question since this is a book/course
CHIP-2. 7/Oct/2013. Part 0: Concepts and history in psychology. Recap of lecture 1. Preferring theories that address all 3 kinds of data
CHIP-2 Concepts and history in psychology Steve Draper, Glasgow University Part 0: Recap of lecture 1 What types of explanation and data does psychology use? http://www.psy.gla.ac.uk/~steve/courses/chip.html
8 people got 100 (I rounded down to 100 for those who went over) Two had perfect exams
Mid-Term Exams Understanding your grade The number printed on your answer sheet is the number correct (out of 27). Quadruple the number correct to learn your grade (out of 100 points) The mean score was
Quantitative Analysis and Empirical Methods
2) Sciences Po, Paris, CEE / LIEPP University of Gothenburg, CERGU / Political Science 1 Explaining Relationships 2 Introduction We have learned about converting concepts into variables Our key interest
HYPOTHESIS TESTING 1/4/18. Hypothesis. Hypothesis. Potential hypotheses?
HYPOTHESIS TESTING Hypothesis A statement about the relationship between variables that makes a falsifiable prediction Relationship can be (as one variable changes, the other changes too) or (change in
HDFS Methods Review Guide. Created by Amanda Leggett and Jennifer Morack. Fall 2011
1 HDFS Methods Review Guide Created by Amanda Leggett and Jennifer Morack Fall 2011 Are you in 400 level classes but have forgotten some of your 312W basics? This guide is for you! Table of Contents: 1.