Blend of south and East: Developing social capital to replace

Transcription

1 Blend of south and East: Developing social capital to replace foregoing donors Dr. D.A.M. De Silva Sabaragamuwa University Sri Lanka

2 Contents Disaster Indian Ocean Tsunami Role of Donors in Restoration Involvement of Central and Local governments, Foreign Governments, Local and Foreign NGO s Faces of community assistance Provide basic community needs Long term needs Self dependence Role of social capital?

3 Damage: loss of physical, financial, natural, social and human assets

4 Relief Efforts: Who came first???? Relatives, Friends, Neighbors (local community) Others: Central and Local Governments, Foreign Governments, Local and Foreign NGO s Types of assistance provided to devastated community 1. Short term basic needs 2. Long term Permanent housing, water, electricity, sanitation, infrastructure (roads, hospitals, ) and livelihood lih options (boats, harbors, ice plants )

5 South in recovery process

6 Reawakening East

7 Research Locations Location: South coast ( Galle, Matara & Hambantota districts) East coast (Trincomalee & Baticaloa districts)

8 Research methods Data: primary data collection tools were structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, e focus group discussions, s, Analysis :Hypothesis testing H o No relationship between donor dependency and social capital H 1 There is a relationship between donor dependency d and social capital

9 Findings 9 8 Mean 1.47 StDev.6755 N Frequency Figure1: Membership of the village level organizations (frequency)

10 14 Mean StDev.7454 N Freque ency Figure 2: Frequency of contacts in village level societies (1-weekly; 2-monthly; 3-yearly)

11 Mean StD tdev.4996 N Frequ uency Figure 3: Trust levels (-can not trust; 1- can trust)

12 12 1 Mean StDev N ncy Freque Figure 4: Confidence on the government (1-great deal; 2-quite a lot; 3-not very much; 4- not at all; 5-hard to answer)

13 12 Mean StDev.9224 N Freque ency Figure 5: Confidence on the administration i ti (1-great deal; 2-quite a lot; 3-not very much; 4-not at all; 5-hard to answer)

14 12 Mean StDev.8426 N quency Fre Figure 6: Confidence on the Police (1-great deal; 2-quite a lot; 3-not very much; 4-not at all; 5-hard to answer)

15 16 Mean StDev.8816 N Freq quency Figure 7: Confidence on Legal system (1-great deal; 2-quite a lot; 3-not very (1 great deal; 2 quite a lot; 3 not very much; 4-not at all; 5-hard to answer)

16 16 Mean StDev.6512 N Freque ency Figure 8: Trust each other in lending and borrowing(1-do trust; t 2-Do not trust; t 3- Don t know; 4-Know answer)

17 16 Mean StDev.6577 N Frequ uency Figure 9: People s concern only on their family welfare not village or neighbours (1-strongly agree; 2-agree; 3-disagree; 4-strognly disagree; 5-don t know; 6-no answer)

18 Social networks No one w ould help Family Neighbors Friends Religious leaders Mutual support group Assistance group No answ er

19 Role of social capital Galle Matara Hambantota Baticaloa Trincomalee Social capital defined as trust, norms of reciprocity, and networks, is believed to facilitate the formation of collective action and institution

20 An empirical evidence (Berkers (1985); Ostrom (199); Grafton (25) Common-pool resources can be used and managed sustainably by the resource users themselves Important feature for long-enduring self- governance of common-pool resources is the presence of social capital Social capital may support collective action among individuals and reduces free-riding riding problems

21 Social capital contribute to 1. Societal performance 2. Trust and trustworthiness 3. Civic engagement g and cooperation 4. Social networks

22 Bonding social capital Galle Matara Hambantota Baticaloa Trincomalee Figure 1: Strong bonds of social relationships which are endorsed among family members or members among of an ethnic groups

23 Bridging social capital Galle Matara Hambantota a Baticaloa Trincomalee e Figure11: Cross-cutting ties of social relationships among different ethnic groups

24 Linking social capital Galle Matara Hamb mbantota Baticaloa Trincomalee Figure12: Connections between those with differing levels of power or social status

25 Donor dependency index Figure13: Galle Matara Hamba bantota Batic ticaloa Trincom malee

26 16 Mean StDev N Frequ uency Figure14: Donor dependency on housing

27 1 Mean StDev N 16 8 Freque ency Figure 15: Donor dependency on water supply

28 18 Mean 95.8 StDev 15.7 N Freque ency Figure16: Donor dependency d on electricity i

29 2. Mean 47.5 StDev N Freq quency Figure17: Donor dependency on waste management

30 Donor dependency & Social capital Donor Dependency Social Capital

31 Analysis The regression equation is: Donor dependency = Bonding SC Bridging SC Linking SC Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant Bonding Bridging Linking S = R-Sq = 99.5% R-Sq (adj) = 97.9%

32 Conclusions Level of bonding, bridging and linking social capital and overall level of social capital is high in South compared to East Social capital and donor dependency have strong relationship Communities having rich in social capital are less dependent d on donors Other side of the coin, poor social capital status make communities more vulnerable and highly dependent on donors

33 Donor dependency is high on housing, electricity, water supply and waste management Strong community bonds, bigger social networks, trust, participation in village level societies, community events and participation i in voting make high levels of social capital among fishers High levels of social capital facilitate the entrepreneurial ventures among farmers

34 Recommendations & Policy implications Facilitating community associations, participatory work, establishment and strengthen e social networks, develop e trust among community members are essential to develop social capital among fishers Leaders and developing leadership skills are essential to create strong community networks

35 Thanks