1. Evidence of harm-related behaviour

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1 These notes give guidance on the content of the Risk of Serious Harm form and provide examples of some of the key issues to consider in each of its sections. In addition, you may find it useful to look at the MAPPA guidance issued by the Youth Justice Board: Dangerous Offenders - Guidance on Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements. This assessment should be completed if there is a 'Yes" response to any of the questions in the 'Indicators of serious barm to others' section of tbe Core Profile. Purpose of the Risk of Serious Harm assessment This form provides the opportunity to look more closely at any concerns that have been identified regarding the possible risk of harm to others. You will need to analyse the information recorded in both the Core Profile and other completed assessments (e.g. in relation to mental health). Where there are gaps or unanswered questions, you may then need to gather additional information in order to make a comprehensive assessment of risk of serious harm to others. When all these different pieces of information are brought together, they may reveal a risk of harm to others that is not obvious when the issues are considered separately. Sometimes, one small detail can help to make sense of a situation where it has previously been difficult to explain the nature of the concerns about risk. It is therefore essential to consider a wide range of information when making judgements about risk of harm, and the full assessment form provides a framework for doing this. 1. Evidence of harm-related behaviour Harm-related behaviour is defined quite broadly in this section. It includes both behaviour that has actually resulted in serious harm to others, and behaviour where there was a real possibility of such harm occurring. With an adult offender, there may be a long record of violent or sexual offending which gives a strong indication of the possibility of further harmful behaviour. A young person is less likely to have such an extensive record, however, and a risk assessment focused only on his/her previous convictions would be very limited. By using a wider definition of harm-related behaviour - and considering issues such as his/her intentions to cause harm - it is possible to obtain a much fuller picture of the risk that s/he may present. Is there evidence of any current or previous harm-related behaviour by the young person? Consider both current and previous offences and other behaviour that may not have resulted in a conviction (e.g. behaviour within the family, at school, in institutions, towards staff). Tick 'No' and go on to section 2 if there is no evidence of any harm-related behaviour by the young person. Tick 'Yes' if you have already answered 'Yes' to any of the three questions in the 'Indicators of serious harm to others' section of the Core Profile, or if you have come across information since then that indicates the young person has shown harm-related behaviour in the past.

2 Were any of the following features of the behaviour? Tick all those that apply, taking account of all the incidents of harm-related behaviour you know. If there is no evidence of a particular feature, leave the box blank. Unduly sophisticated methods This refers to behaviour that is disproportionately sophisticated for someone of his/her age. Recklessness This is in contrast to behaviour that is planned or calculated, and could involve carelessness or not understanding the consequences of his/her actions. Ritual or bizarre elements Bizarre elements may be described as particular actions that are inexplicable in the context of the behaviour as a whole. Ritualistic elements are those the young person repeats on different occasions and are not only associated with the particular type of harm-related behaviour. Are there any other aspects of the young person's harm-related behaviour that are surprising, unusual or cause concern? Record here any other details about the young person's past behaviour that is relevant to the assessment of risk of serious harm, for example unpredictability in relation to the type of behaviour; the time or location of the behaviour; choice of victim/s; triggering factors; discriminatory attitudes; the force of the young person's desire to hurt others. Victims In the Core Profile these questions are asked in relation to the young person's current offences. For this section, however, please consider whether they are relevant to any of his/her behaviour. It may be that boxes are not ticked on the Core Profile because they do not apply to the current offences, but should be ticked here because they are relevant to the young person's previous harm-related behaviour. Who were the victims of this behaviour? Tick all the options that apply. In cases where s/he was intending or preparing to cause harm, tick the boxes if any of these characteristics would have applied to the likely victims. Vulnerable victim This includes the elderly, people with disabilities and children younger (or much smaller) than the young person. Specific, targeted victim This includes any victim who is chosen for a particular reason, for example because they belong to a particular group (e.g. ethnic or religious) or because the young person has a grudge against them. The key issue here is not whether the victim was already known to the young person, but whether the victim was selected for a specific reason.

3 Context and circumstances of harm-related behaviour This section asks you to distinguish between the long-term and the immediate issues contributing to the young person's previous harm-related behaviour. Long-term issues, such as experiences of abuse or loss, may contribute to a gradual build of emotions over time (e.g. anger, resentment, hostility, suspicion of others) which may factor in the young person's problematic behaviour. There may also be particular triggers or prompts that are relevant to specific offences or other incidents of harm-related behaviour (e.g. other people encouraging the young person to hurt others, or his/her failure to take medication). It is important to distinguish between these long-term and short-term factors when assessing the likelihood of the young person committing harm-related behaviour in future and when deciding on the most appropriate types of intervention or support. Summary of previous harm-related behaviour A young person may not yet have settled into a regular pattern of behaviour, so it is important to take into account incidents that seem to be one-offs. Any emerging patterns of harm-related behaviour are key indicators of the likelihood of future harmful behaviour. If there have been regular or repeated occurrences of a particular type of harm-related behaviour, this will generally signify a higher risk than isolated or occasional incidents. This section therefore highlights any particular patterns or trends in the young person's behaviour. While a trend of consistent and/or increasing harm-related behaviour will tend to cause most concern, it is important to recognise that any of these patterns can represent a significant risk to others - even those showing decreasing harmful behaviour. 2. Current risk indic;3tors This section looks at whether the young person's current attitudes, interests or circumstances provide any indicators of a risk of harm to others. Some of the factors follow on directly from the 'Indicators of serious harm' section of the Core Profile; other issues have not been raised before. While there will often be overlap between sections 1 and 2, there may also be times when they seem quite separate. It would be possible, for example, to have some evidence of past harm-related behaviour in section 1, but to have nothing in section 2 (if there are no other current risk indicators). Conversely, it would be possible to have no evidence in section 1 of previous harm-related behaviour, but to have a number of concerns in section 2 about the young person's current situation. Attitudes to previous harm-related behaviour This refers to his/her current attitude towards any of the previous harm-related behaviour described in section 1. It can include denials that the events occurred, that s/he was personally involved or responsible, and/or of the level of harm caused. The young person's attitudes to victims of previous behaviour could also be included here, for example particularly cold/callous attitudes; ongoing feuds or grudges; the view that the victim deserved it.

4 Other relevant attitudes These include current attitudes about particular types of behaviour (e.g. that violence is normal) or groups (e.g. that it is acceptable to be aggressive towards people from certain estates or from different ethnic groups). There may be other factors associated with the young person's perception of what is right and wrong (e.g. learning difficulties that affect the young person's perception of what is appropriate sexual behaviour, or a lack of understanding about the harmful consequences of his/her actions). Current behaviour This includes interests/activities that the young person pursues alone or with other people. Some of these may already have been identified in the 'Lifestyle' section of the Core Profile. The same activity can have contrasting implications for different young people, and it is important to consider each case individually: for example, a collection of military paraphernalia may reflect a legitimate interest in the armed forces or a potentially dangerous preoccupation with weapons. Give details (where known) of who else may be involved in the activities, how often the young person pursues them, where the activities take place, and anything else that is relevant. You also need to consider anything else about his/her behaviour that is odd, disconcerting or disturbing which has not already been addressed in other sections. Focus especially on where the young person spends time, who s/he is with and what s/he does. This may link with issues identified in the 'Lifestyle' or 'Thinking and behaviour' sections of the Core Profile. Cruelty to animals is given as one example of disturbing behaviour; another might be if the young person spends a lot of time in unusual places (e.g. graveyards). Current circumstances is the young person currently in a position where s/he has - or could gain - access to potential victims or the equipment necessary for causing serious harm (e.g. weapons)? One example is a young person who has previously abused a younger sibling and is currently living in accommodation with easy access to other younger people; another is a young person living with older friends who are known to have a record of violent behaviour and may be planning future offences. Consider any other events or circumstances that might act as a trigger for harmful behaviour, for example a difficult anniversary; s/he has previously been violent towards ethnic minorities and a black family has just moved in next door; failure to take medication as prescribed. Any other concerns Has anybody else expressed concerns about the possibility of the young person causing serious harm? For example, parents, carers or teachers who are apprehensive about aspects of his/her behaviour and think this may indicate a possible risk to others. Give details of who has expressed concern, what the concerns are, how much weight you attach to them and why.

5 3. Future harmful behaviour You are now asked to make a judgement, based on all the information available to you, about the types of harmful behaviour the young person might commit in the future. This section asks you to indicate what the harmful behaviour might be, who the potential victims are, and when and how it might happen. This information provides the basis for the 'Current risk classification' in the Conclusion. In completing this section, consider both the following types of behaviour: Deliberate/intentional behaviour - this can include: a deliberate intention/goal to inflict harm on particular people; a desire to fulfil other goals which will inevitably involve harm to others (e.g. sexual fantasies involving young children); other deliberate behaviour which may result in serious harm, but need not necessarily do so (e.g. arson). Unplanned/unintentional behaviour- this can include: response to provocation;. reckless activity; not realising the consequences of actions. Are there indications that the young person will engage in future behaviour that will cause serious harm to others? The following may be a useful reminder of the issues to consider: patterns of past harm-related behaviour; the young person's current attitudes, interests and circumstances; forthcoming intentions, events or circumstances; plans and threats. A 'Yes' response here could include situations where there may not be an immediate risk, but where you think there is a real possibility of serious harm at some definite point in the foreseeable future. A 'No' response means that you do not need to complete any more of section 3, and that the risk classification in section 4 should be given as low. What is the nature Include details of: of this behaviour? the type of behaviour that might occur (e.g. violence, sexual offending, dangerous driving); particular features of that behaviour (e.g. use of weapons); the nature and extent of the harm that is likely to be caused. ls this likely to be deliberate/intentional or unplanned behaviour? Deliberate behaviour refers to an action that displays prior thinking/planning and indicates that the young person has a particular goal in mind. It includes both behaviour where the

6 intention is specifically to cause harm, and behaviour that is likely to lead to harm even though this may not be the young person's explicit intention. It is the deliberateness of the actions rather than the nature of his/her intentions that should determine whether the behaviour falls into this category Unplanned or unintentional behaviour refers to an action that is spontaneous, a quick response to an unexpected situation or something done without prior thought and attention. Reference has already been made to the difficulties involved in assessing the risks associated with certain types of driving behaviour (see, for example, p.27 of the Core Profile Guidance). In this section of the Risk of Serious Harm form, driving could be classified as either deliberate/intentional or unplanned/unintentional, depending on the particular circumstances of each case. It is deliberate/intentional behaviour if the young person purposely sets out to race friends around residential areas or to entice the police into giving chase. In other situations, however, reckless driving may be unplanned/unintentional, for example if the young person is responding to pressure from friends in the car. In what context/circumstances is this behaviour likely to occur? This covers the young person's likely social and personal circumstances at the time of any such behaviour. It also includes any specific events which may trigger the behaviour. Who is at risk from the young person? These could be specific individuals, people belonging to particular groups, or random members of the public. In the list of potential victims: distinction is made between younger children and peers (of his/her own age); 'Vulnerable adults' includes the elderly and people with disabilities; 'Public' refers to any victims not previously known to the young person; 'Staff/people in authority' includes Yot staff, teachers, police, and staff of home/hostel or other agencies involved with the young person; 'Other' could include neighbours and family friends. How soon is harmful behaviour likely to occur? Are there particular reasons why the young person could not commit such behaviour in the near future (e.g. because s/he is currently in secure accommodation)? In answering, consider the following factors: ls s/he actively seeking opportunities to cause harm to others? Is s/he likely to get into situations or circumstances where this type of behaviour could occur? Would s/he commit this behaviour as soon as an opportunity arises? Are there current constraints on his/her behaviour which will be removed in the near future? Is the behaviour more likely to happen immediately than not? How quickly do you need to take action? This is an important factor that will help to determine the risk classification in section 4 ('Conclusion').

7 4. Conclu,.;ion There will always be an element of uncertainty in this type of assessment, and it is not possible to give definitive predictions about risk of serious harm to others. The most you can do is base your decisions on a thorough consideration of all the evidence that you have at any given point in time. This conclusion provides a framework for recording the outcome of such an assessment and for specifying the practical action that needs to be taken in response, and is the first step towards drawing up a more detailed risk management plan (the form and guidance for this are in the Interventions section). Current classification for risk of serious harm to others You are asked to indicate ),our opinion of the current level of risk of harm to others that the young person presents, based on the information available. The risk level will be a key factor in choosing appropriate risk management strategies: if the young person is assessed as medium, high or very high risk the Risk Management Plat, in the Interventions section needs to be completed. In reaching a judgement about the risk level, the main factors to consider are: = the likelihood of the behaviour occurring; the imminence of the behaviour; the impact of the behaviour. It is important to remember that the risk level may change over time as new information becomes available. For example, a young person -cello is sometimes violent towards certain members of his/her family but is currently living in secure accommodation might be assessed as medium risk because the particular behaviour that causes concern is not likely to occur in the near future. This assessment would have to be reviewed when the young person leaves secure accommodation and has more frequent contact with his/her family. Low risk There is no evidence at present to indicate any likelihood of future harmful behaviour. This would be the appropriate response if you have answered "No' to the question 'Are there indications that the young person will engage in future behaviour that will cause serious harm to others?' in section 3. Medium risk Some risk identified but the offender is unlikely to cause serious harm unless circumstances change. Relevant issues can be addressed as part of the normal supervision process. High risk Risk of harm identified. The potential event could happen at any time and the impact would be serious. Action should be taken in the near future and the case will need additional supervision and monitoring (e.g. supervision by middle/senior management, local registration). There may be some hesitation about identifying a young person as high risk because of the practical implications this will have (e.g. s/he will require a more intensive level of supervision). In such cases, it is important that decisions are discussed and shared within teams, not left entirely to individual members of staff.

8 Very high risk Imminent risk of harm identified. The young person will commit the behaviour in question as soon as the opportunity arises, and the impact would be serious. Immediate multi-agency action is likely to be required. Which of the MAPPA levels is most appropriate at this time? This question asks you to indicate the appropriate MAPPA level at the time of the current assessment and to summarise the reasons for this. Definitions for the different MAPPA risk levels are given below, together with guidance on how these relate to the Asset risk classifications. There is no automatic link between them so each case needs to be decided individually. Level 1: risk management by the Yot through normal supervision procedures. This would normally be appropriate for those assessed as 'medium risk' (there may also be some 'high risk" cases that can be managed appropriately within the Yot and would therefore count as level 1). Level 2: local interagency risk management and attendance to level 2 Strategic Management Board (SMB) meetings with representation from appropriate agencies. This would be appropriate for some 'high risk' cases and occasionally for a 'very high risk' case. Level 3: referral to Multi-Agency Public Protection Panel (MAPPP) where a structured and detailed risk management plan is developed. This would normally only be appropriate for 'very high risk' cases although there may occasionally be 'high risk' cases where MAPPP might be required because of unusual circumstances (e.g. intense media interest). As circumstances change, a young person may move to a different level. The Risk of Serious Harm form should therefore be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect this.

9 Name This assessment should be completed if there is a 'Yes' response to any of the questions in the 'Indicators of serious harm to others' section of the Core Profile. Additional information on answering the questions marked by asterisks on this form is given in the guidance notes. 1. Evidence of harm-related behaviour Harm-related behaviour is defined as any behaviour: that resulted in serious harm to other peop!e; that indicates the young person was intending and/or preparing to cause serious harm to others; that was very likely to have unintentionally caused serious harm to others (e.g. extremely reckless driving). Behaviour Is there evidence of any current or previous harm-related Yes No behaviour by the young person? Consider both current and previous offences and other behaviour that may ['-7 D not have resulted in a conviction (e.g. behaviour within the family or at school). If 'Yes', state what happened and when, and continue with the questions in this section. If 'No', go to section 2 ('Current risk indicators'). *Were any of the following features of the behaviour? Elaborate preparation/planning [-7 Loss of self-control [_ *Unduly sophisticated methods ['-] *Recklessness [-"1 Use or acquisition of weapons [_ *Ritual or bizarre elements [-7 Details *Are there any other aspects of the young person's harm-related Yes No behaviour that are surprising, unusual or cause concern? [_ ['-7 Details _IIIIttttH...

10 * Victims *Who were the victims of this behaviour? Please indicate whether any of the following apply: *Vulnerable victim [-7 Victim of hate crime [_ *Specific, targeted victim [-7 Repeat victim (by young person or associates) D Details * Context and circumstances of harm-related behaviour What were the immediate circumstances surrounding the behaviour? (Consider the significance of the role of friends/associates, disinhibitors such as drugs/alcohol, )erceived provocation, emotions/feelings at that time.) What were the longer term issues contributing to the behaviour? (Consider the significance of the influence of family and neighbourhood/community, experience of abuse or loss, social isolation/alienation, learnt responses.) *Summary of previous harm-related behaviour Has the young person's harm-related behaviour been intentional or unintentional? What is the evidence for this? Details Which of the factors identified in this section have been consistent or recurring features of his/her behaviour? Which factors have tended to be more erratic and unpredictable? Details Has the seriousness of the young person's behaviour been increasing, decreasing or constant? What is the evidence for this? Details

11 2. Currq.nt risk indicators These questions highlight some of the key issues to consider: circle any that apply and give details in the box. This is not an exhaustive list, so please do not restrict yourself to it. Do any of the following indicate a current risk of serious harm? *Attitudes to previous harm-related behaviour Yes No Consider factors including: [_ ['-'] - Denying behaviour took place Indifference to victim o Denying consequences of behaviour o Ongoing hostility towards o Justifying the behaviour victim *Other relevant attitudes Yes No Consider factors including: ["'] [_ " Discriminatory attitudes Belief that certain types S/he seems driven e.g. by a desire for revenge of offences are acceptable Fantasies Belief that certain people are acceptable 'targets' *Current behaviour Yes No Consider factors including: D Evidence of planning for offences Other odd or disconcerting o Associates/network behaviour o Trying to put fantasies/obsessions into practice *Current circumstances Yes No Consider factors including: _ [_] Opportunities for committing or Particular events planning harmful behaviour e.g. difficult anniversary o Build up of stress Other personal factors e.g. failure to take medication *Any other concerns Yes No Consider concerns expressed by: D D Family members Colleagues Teachers Other young people Details (if you have answered 'Yes' to any of these questions)

12 3. Future harmful behaviour *Are there indications that the young person will engage in Yes No future behaviour that will cause serious harm to others? [_ E] If 'Yes', please give details below. If 'No', s/he can be assessed as "low risk' in section 4 ('Conclusion'). *What is the nature of this behaviour? *Is this likely to be deliberate/intentional or unplanned behaviour? *In what context is this behaviour likely to occur? *Who is at risk from the young person? (Tick all that apply.) Siblings D Younger children D Peers _ Staff/people in authority Parents/carets [_ Vulnerable adults [--} Public _ Other... [-7 If known, give the names of any specific potential victims. *How soon is harmful behaviour likely to occur? Consider the following factors: Is s/he actively seeking opportunities to cause harm to others? Is s/he likely to get into situations or circumstances where this type of behaviour could occur? Would s/he commit this behaviour as soon as an opportunity arises? Are there current constraints on his/her behaviour which will be removed in the near future? Is the behaviour more likely to happen immediately than not? Details *How quickly do you need to take action? Is immediate action required to prevent/reduce the Yes No risk of this behaviour occurring? _ [-'] If 'Yes', what is the evidence for this? When else does action need to be taken? (e.g. on release from prison, when change of accommodation occurs)

13 4. Conclusion Any other relevant information (e.g. previous referral to a MAPPP or risk management action taken within the team) Any further information required (e.g. any significant missing information and specify action to be taken to obtain it) *Current classification for risk of serious harm to others No evidence at present to indicate likelihood of serious harmful D Low risk behaviour in future. No specific risk management work needed. Some risk identified but the offender is unlikely to cause serious [_] Medium risk harm unless circumstances change. Relevant issues can be addressed as part of the normal supervision process. Risk of harm identified. The potential event could happen at any D High risk time and the impact would be serious. Action should be taken in the near future and the case will need additional supervision and monitoring (e.g. local registration, oversight by middle/senior management). Imminent risk of harm identified. The young person will commit E] Very high risk the behaviour in question as soon as they are able to or as soon as an opportunity arises and the impact would be serious. Immediate action is required and is likely to involve intensive multi-agency support and surveillance. *Which of the MAPPA levels is most appropriate at this time? (See page 8 of the Risk of Serious Harm Guidance for definitions of the levels.) Summarise the reasons for your decision. Assessment completed by Date Countersigned by Date of next review

14 The Risk Management Plan should be completed for all cases that are identified as representing medium, high, or very high risk of serious harm to others in the 'Conclusion' section of the Risk of Serious Harm assessment. Even if the harmful behaviour does not appear to be immediately imminent, details need to be recorded for later reference and for the benefit of colleagues who may become involved in the case in the future. This plan runs alongside the ordinary intervention plan that is developed and shared with a young person. Some of the issues noted here as internal controls might become objectives in the standard intervention plan. However, where external controls are required (e.g. monitoring and surveillance) these would not generally be recorded on the ordinary intervention plan: instead, they should be recorded in this Risk Management Plan. Individual Yots currently have different procedures for registering and managing high risk cases and it is not possible for the Asset forms to fully reflect this. The Risk Management Plan deals with the core information that should always be gathered, but there may be additional details that some teams wish to record locally. Managing risk: external and internal controls Effective risk management strategies require a mixture of external and internal controls. Examples of external controls include: * monitoring and surveillance;,, limiting access. Developing self-risk management is the central aim of internal controls. Examples include: avoidance strategies; diversion strategies;,, developing cognitive skills;,, enabling young people to discuss their concerns, fears and emotions; strengthening protective factors. Managing risk: protective factors Protective factors may relate to the young person's family and social circumstances, for example, if s/he is receiving help and support from other people, or his/her new living arrangements reduce the opportunities for causing harm. Other protective factors may be more internal and personal, for example, if the young person is able to identify reasons not to cause harm.

15 Managing risk: sharing information Enquiries into serious incidents have shown that there has often been a failure to share important information with colleagues. If risk assessments are to be useful in practice, therefore, it is essential that information is shared within the Yot and between different agencies. These questions ask you to identify the key issues that colleagues will need to know in order to make informed decisions about how best to reduce the risk to themselves and to others. Information-sharing should always be done in accordance with national guidelines and local protocols. Managing risk: planning for future events The risk classification may change, and so needs to be kept under review. This question acts as an early warning to make it easier to respond quickly and appropriately to any future developments. Remember that the risk level can go down as well as up; this could result, for example, in a reduction in the required level of surveillance and monitoring. It is important that decisions about risk of serious harm do not become the sole responsibility of individual practitioners. Responsibility should be shared with managers and/or other colleagues so that staff receive appropriate support when dealing with high risk cases. All high and very high risk of harm cases should be countersigned. For other cases, different teams may have local procedures on countersigning.

16 The Vulnerability Management Plan should be completed for all cases that are identified as medium, high or very high risk of vulnerability (i.e. where there is a clearly identified risk of a young person experiencing some specific kind of harm) on the basis of the information recorded in the 'Indicators of Vulnerability' section of the Core Profile. Even if the risk does not appear to be immediately imminent, details need to be recorded for later reference and for the benefit of colleagues who may become involved in the case in the future. This plan runs alongside the ordinary intervention plan that is developed and shared with a young person. Some of the issues noted here as internal controls might become objectives in the standard intervention plan. However, where external controls are required (e.g. monitoring and surveillance) these would not generally be recorded on the ordinary intervention plan: instead, they should be recorded in this Vulnerability Management Plan. Individual Yots currently have different procedures for registering and managing high risk cases and it is not possible for the Asset forms to fully reflect this. The Vulnerability Management Plan deals with the core information that should always be gathered, but there may be additional details that some teams wish to record locally. Many of the young people in contact with the youth justice system are vulnerable in some way, due to factors such as deprivation, problems with education or an apparent lack of life chances. However, within Asset vulnerability is defined in terms of more specific and direct risks that a young person may face, for example, abuse, being bullied or threatened, and selfharm. Young people can be vulnerable due to the behaviour of others, their own behaviour, or specific events and circumstances: information about each of these should be recorded in the 'Indicators of Vulnerability' section of the Core Profile. Decisions about the level of vulnerability should be based on Asset and any other relevant assessments (e.g. mental health). It is important to allow additional specialist assessments to feed back into the Asset process, and also to remember that a young person can be vulnerable in a number of different ways. For example, vulnerability does not refer just to mental health problems: there may have been a separate mental health assessment, but a young person could also be defined as vulnerable for other reasons. The different levels of vulnerability can be defined as follows: Low vulnerability: no specific behaviours, events or people indicating risk. Medium vulnerability: some specific vulnerability, which can be addressed as part of normal supervision process.

17 High vulnerability: clear indications of specific vulnerability that require attention in the near future and may require involvement of other agencies and/or individuals. The case may need additional supervision and monitoring (e.g. local registration, oversight by middle/senior management). Very high vulnerability: statutory thresholds (child protection) or immediate action required to prevent imminent harm to the young person (e.g. suicide, self-harm). Immediate action is required and is likely to involve intensive multi-agency support and monitoring. Managing risk of vulnerability: external and internal controls Effective risk management strategies require a mixture of external and internal controls. Examples of external controls include: monitoring and surveillance; limiting access. Developing self-risk management is the central aim of internal controls. Examples include: avoidance strategies; diversion strategies; developing cognitive skills; enabling young people to discuss their concerns, fears and emotions; strengthening protective factors. See the Managing Risk in the Community guidance for additional detail on these issues. Managing risk of vulnerability: protective factors Protective factors may relate to the young person's family and social circumstances, for example, if s/he is receiving help and support from other people. Other protective factors may be more internal and personal, for example, if the young person has positive goals for the future. Managing risk of vulnerability: sharing information Enquiries into serious incidents have shown that there has often been a failure to share important information with colleagues. If risk of vulnerability assessments are to be useful in practice, therefore, it is essential that information is shared within the Yot and between different agencies. These questions ask you to identify the key issues that colleagues will need to know in order to make informed decisions about how best to reduce vulnerability. Information-sharing should always be done in accordance with national guidelines and local protocols. Managing risk of vulnerability: planning for future events The vulnerability classification may change, and so needs to be kept under review. This question acts as an early warning to make it easier to respond quickly and appropriately to any future developments. Remember that the level of vulnerability can go down as well as up; this could result, for example, in a reduction in the required level of surveillance and monitoring.

18 It is important that decisions about risk of vulnerability do not become the sole responsibility of individual practitioners. Responsibility should be shared with managers and/or other colleagues so that staff receive appropriate support when dealing with high risk cases. All high and very high risk of vulnerability cases should be countersigned. For other cases, different teams may have local procedures on countersigning. NB A young person may be vulnerable and present a risk of serious harm to others. In such cases, details of additional measures needed to reduce the risk to other people should be recorded on the Risk Management Plan.

19 Name If the young person has been assessed as medium, high or very high risk in the 'Conclusion' section of the Risk of Serious Harm assessment, please complete the following Risk Management Plan. This should be related to the intervention plan but will include proposals specifically related to managing and/or reducing the risk of serious harm to others. Indicate the risk of serious harm to others based on the [-7 Medium Risk of Serious Harm assessment. D High D Very high Managing risk: external and internal controls What external controls need to be put in place? (e.g. monitoring/surveillance, limiting his/her access to potential victims) What work needs to be done with the young person to develop internal controls? (e.g. enhancing his/her ability to respond appropriately to identified triggers for harmful behaviour) Managing risk: protective factors What other factors could help to contain the risk? (e.g. the ability to identify incentives not to cause serious harm) What other factors could reduce the level of risk? (e.g. support networks) Managing risk: achieving external and internal controls and protective factors What action can be taken by the Yot?

20 What referrals need to be made to other organisations? Are there any other procedures that need to be implemented/actions to be taken? Managing risk: sharing information What other key pieces of information need to be shared? (e.g. with colleagues, other agencies, members of young person's family) How and when will this be done? Managing risk: planning for future events What factors or changes in circumstances would result in the young person moving to a different risk category? (e.g. change in circumstances that presents new opportunities for harmful behaviour, event that provides motive for causing harm) If these changes occurred, what action would need to be taken and how quickly could this be done? Assessment completed by Date Countersigned by Date of next review

21 Name If the young person has been assessed as medium, high or very high risk of vulnerability (i.e. where there is a clearly identified risk of a young person experiencing some specific kind of harm) on the basis of the information recorded in the 'Indicators of Vulnerability' section of the Core Profile, please complete the following Vulnerability Management Plan. This plan runs alongside the intervention plan but will include proposals specifically related to reducing vulnerability. Indicate the risk of vulnerability based on the Core Profile and _ Medium any other relevant assessments (e.g. mental health) [_] High D Very high Managing vulnerability: external and internal controls What external controls need to be put in place? (e.g. monitoring) What work needs to be done with the young person to develop internal controls? (e.g. enhancing his/her ability to deal with stressors) Managing vulnerability: protective factors What other factors could reduce the level of vulnerability? (e.g. support networks) Managing vulnerability: achieving external and internal controls and protective factors What action can be taken by the Yot?

22 What referrals need to be made to other organisations? Are there any other procedures that need to be implemented / actions to be taken? Managing vulnerability: sharing information What other key pieces of information need to be shared? (e.g. with colleagues, other agencies, members of young person's family) How and when will this be done? i... Managing vulnerability: planning for future events What factors or events would result in a change to the young person's level of vulnerability? if these changes occurred what action would need to be taken and how quickly could this be done? Assessment completed by Date Countersigned by Date of next review

23 These notes give guidance on the content of the Bail Profile and provide examples of some of the key issues to consider in each of its sections. The guidance provided in this folder for the Core Profile and Final Warning Profile will also be a useful point of reference. Purpose of the Bail Profile The Bail Profile is designed to help Yots provide information to courts deciding whether to remand a young person on bail or to a secure facility. It consists of two parts: The Bail Profile This helps practitioners to identify and collate relevant information into a detailed picture of the young person's situation, circumstances and history, which can be considered by the court in determining an appropriate bail or remand status. The Secure Remand Assessment for Males Aged 1S/16 This part should be completed only in cases where the court is considering a custodial remand for males of this age group. The main aims of the bail assessment are to identify what can be done to address the objections to bail, and to determine whether a bail supervision and support programme or bail ISSP (where available) should be provided. It may also be appropriate to consider if there are options not requiring statutory supervision and support that might usefully be offered to the young person. Using the Bail Profile Engaging with young people in practice The bail assessment asks you to assess issues which may sometimes be very difficult for young people to talk about (such as indicators of vulnerability), and it is therefore important that questions are asked with sensitivity. Although the time available may be very limited, the form should not just be used as a checklist. Attention should be given to how factors such as a young person's age, gender, ethnicity or level of maturity might affect his/her willingness or ability to engage in the assessment process, as this will influence how you gather the information. Links with the Core Profile Although this form is designed for use at the specific stage at which bail/remand decisions are made, a number of the issues addressed are similar to those in the Core Profile. If access to previously completed Core Profiles is available this may help in the completion of the bail assessment. Similarly, the information contained in a bail Asset would be very relevant to those completing a core Asset at later stages. It is essential therefore that the information recorded is as accurate and comprehensive as possible.

24 Sources of information Make use of all available sources of information, for example specialist education and health workers within the Yot or partnership organisations. Consideration should also be given to making contact with other significant agencies or individuals that the young person has come into contact with, such as voluntary organisations which might have provided interventions and support. Wherever possible, verify information to help ensure accuracy. If you are not sure about the status or reliability of particular items of information received, note this on the form together with an indication of what action will be taken to obtain further details. Frequency of use Where a young person is appearing in court on a frequent basis for the same or similar offences, the form will need to be reviewed but not completely redone, unless there has been a considerable change in circumstances. Personal details Ethnic classification This is the classification used for the 2001 census. The categories are quite broad and some young people may wish to classify themselves more specifically (e.g. 'Welsh' rather than just 'British'). In addition, the categories do not easily accommodate certain groups (e.g. travellers). In such cases, please tick the box that most closely applies to him/her and use the space next to the 'Any other' box to give additional information. Where there is a significant difference between your view and that of the young person, please provide details. Offence details Seriousness score The Youth Justice Board's seriousness score relates to the most serious of the current offences or alleged offences. It is a 1-8 scale and is not the same as the gravity score currently used by the police. A copy is attached in Appendix B (at the back of the folder). Has s/he ever failed to comply with bail conditions? Evidence of having complied with (unconditional or conditional) bail in the past is a strong indicator that a young person will comply with bail in a new case. Any past failure to comply with bail conditions or failure to surrender should be placed in context, as previous difficulties may not be present in the young person's attitude or situation now. Where the young person has not previously complied it may be appropriate to suggest conditions that will effectively change his/her circumstances, for example, a change of address, focused activity or more intensive supervision. Is bail being opposed? The grounds for denial may be that a young person is unlikely to attend court as required, will interfere with witnesses or the course of justice, or is likely to commit further offences. The subsequent sections of the form should provide the information needed to assess the likelihood of any of these events occurring.

25 With regard to attendance at court, the assessment should identify if there have been any previous failures and whether on this occasion any degree of difficulty is likely to be encountered. This can be addressed by offering support to the young person (e.g. by issuing reminders prior to the court appearance, encouraging parents to attend with the young person and providing assistance with transport if necessary). Interfering with the justice process is likely to be addressed through the provision of appropriate bail conditions, such as non-association. However, in all cases the degree of risk, who it applies to and in what circumstances need to be fully explored, and any issues which arise must be discussed with the young person's legal representative. In assessing the risk of reoffending, the first stage is to consider the context of the young person's previous offending and the relevance of this to his/her current situation. For example, the circumstances at the time, peer-group influences and the frequency and nature of offending should be explored to establish if these patterns are likely to continue. An assessment of the risk of future offending needs to address: the nature of previous behaviour; " the seriousness of it; the likelihood of it occurring again. The following list highlights key factors to consider. (Further suggestions for analysing offending behaviour can be found on pages 2-3 of the Core Profile Guidance.) ', Patterns of offending: one-off, repeat, related, unrelated. * Type of offending: serious, petty, minor, against property or individuals, sexual, violent.,, Impact of behaviour: on whom, in what circumstances., Cycle of offending: well-established, recently started, any gaps in episodes and why. Background to offending: mitigating and contributing factors. * Impact of risk factors on behaviour: use of drugs or alcohol, becoming violent or aggressive. ', Triggers: situations in which offending is most likely to occur (e.g. under the influence of alcohol, when associating with a particular peer group). * Lifestyle: substance misuse, heavy drinking, homelessness, social isolation. Significant relationships: positive and negative influences. Sources of income: reliable or otherwise. When assessing risk in relation to serious offending, it is essential for practitioners to ensure that enquiries are fully comprehensive, all avenues are thoroughly explored and all information verified. The assessment must not solely rely on information given by the young person: contact must be made with the family (where appropriate) and all available sources to gain a full picture of the issues that need to be addressed. An identified risk of further offending does not necessarily prevent a young person from being granted bail if it is possible to demonstrate that arrangements can be put in place to manage him/her effectively at times that are considered risky in terms of the likelihood of offending.

26 However, the final decision about whether to accept a young person on a programme belongs to the court. It is the role of practitioners to carry out an honest and thorough assessment to ensure that the risk issues are fully addressed and to demonstrate how these might be managed through either bail conditions, or an individual programme of intervention. If there are doubts about the ability to manage the young person these should always be made explicit. 1. Living arrangements Would it be appropriate and feasible for the young person to be bailed to the current address? Whether there is a viable, acceptable and suitable address to which the young person can be bailed is one of the first considerations in the granting of bail. In determining the suitability of any accommodation take into account the amount of support available to the young person, its quality and stability, the proximity to victims, the nature of the offence and whether there are other residents with criminal records. As far as possible, checks should be carried out to verify the details and to ensure the address would be acceptable to the court. If there are likely to be difficulties with the intended bail address, it is important to explore appropriate alternatives. This could include thinking about whether accommodation that would be considered unsuitable in other circumstances (e.g. bed and breakfast accommodation) may be appropriate if additional levels of support could be provided. 2. Family and personal relationships The type and level of support afforded by family, carers or other significant adults is likely to have a major impact on whether or not a period on bail is successfully completed. Specify any problems/issues that could adversely affect compliance/suggest a risk of reoffending while on bail. Examples could include: parents/carers showing no interest; parents/carers encouraging the young person to break conditions; older siblings who are actively engaged in offending. Specify any strengths/positive factors that could promote compliance/help the young person avoid reoffending. Examples could include: parents/caters encouraging the young person to comply with conditions; parents/carers willing to co-operate with the Yot, other relevant agencies or other adults who exert a positive influence in the young person's life. 3. Education, training and employment If the young person is attending school, participating in a training scheme or is in employment, it is likely to be seen as an indicator of reliability and suggests that some or all of their time is purposefully structured. Specify any problems/issues that could adversely affect compliance/suggest a risk of reoffending while on bail, Examples could include: poor attendance; lack of interest/attachment; problematic relationships with staff, other pupils or colleagues.

27 Specify any strengths/positive factors that could promote compliance/help the young person avoid reoffending. Examples could include: school/college/employer is interested in the young person's progress and willing to help him/her comply; availability of an alternative curriculum or activities; regular attendance; a goal or something to work towards at school/college/work. 4. Lifestyle Does s/he have any legitimate sources of income? Information about benefits, where relevant, may assist in securing accommodation (particularly for 17-year-olds) and is useful in determining eligibility for training schemes. Specify any problems/issues that could adversely affect compliance/suggest a risk of reoffending while on bail. Examples could include: friends and associates who are involved in offending; feeling bored/looking for excitement; involvement in reckless activity; a need for money that might prompt acquisitive offending. Specify any strengths/positive factors that could promote compliance/help the young person avoid reoffending. Examples could include: involvement in community groups such as youth clubs or other organised activity; friends who may have a positive influence; other interests or activities, for example sport/music. 5. Physical, emotional and mental health, substance misuse Are there health or substance use problems that could affect the young person's ability to comply with a bail programme and conditions of bail (including tagging)? When considering problems in relation to the young person's substance use it may be helpful to bear the following questions in mind. Are the problems so great as to rule out certain interventions? Can the problems be managed, or appropriate support provided so that interventions could be offered? Is there information that other staff need to know, for example if the young person at risk of going into custody. These issues may trigger referral to other appropriate services or resources, for example to agencies that deal specifically with substance misuse problems. If the young person is prepared to participate in any such arrangements this may be a factor in favour of bail, as it indicates both a willingness to address problems that may be the cause of offending behaviour, and also that structured support will be available during the bail period. 6. Attitudes to supervision and support What are the young person's views of support or interventions that could be offered during the bail period? Factors to consider include: previous responses to interventions provided by Yots and/or other organisations (e.g. Social Services, voluntary organisations); views expressed by the

28 young person; views expressed by parents/carers about the young person's attitudes to supervision; the young person's perspective on how the proposed interventions will help or benefit him/her. If a young person is reluctant to accept support or supervision, consider the possible reasons for this. For example, the young person could: be nervous about using resources located in a particular place or part of town; feel unable to cope; not see any point in the proposed intervention; be scared of other people using the same resources, for example of other residents at the proposed accommodation; feel likely to fail because of previous instances of non-compliance. What resources could be used to address these issues? Has the young person suggested ally additional help s/he would like in order to be able to comply with the proposed conditions? Full explanations of what is required can also help to promote understanding and compliance. 7. Indicators of vulnerability Is the young person likely to be vulnerable to being harmed as a result of either the behaviour of others, particular events and circumstances, or his/her own behaviour? I Examples could include: bullying; abuse; neglect; intimidation; exploitation; separation from familylcarers, or other change of care arrangements; the anniversary of significant loss; risktaking; acting out; inappropriate responses to stress or provocation. These can be difficult issues to address, but they need to be taken into account in determining a suitable response to the young person's situation and circumstances, and may be highly relevant if, for example, a young person is likely to be facing a custodial remand and there are doubts about his/her ability to cope. The task of the court will be to determine the most appropriate outcome based on recommendations made by practitioners that balance risks to the public against any highlighted welfare concerns. If such concerns are raised during the course of an assessment they should be relayed to the appropriate authorities, for example, local authority child protection teams, custody staff in the court, health workers, Yot, Youth Justice Board and secure establishments. Practitioners need to be familiar with local procedures for raising concerns and ensure that appropriate agencies are notified promptly. Guidance on assessing risks of self-harm and suicide is attached to this guidance as Annex A, and can also be found on pages of the Core Profile Guidance. 8. Assessment outcome The aims of the final section are to identify whether an intervention from the Yot is necessary to meet the objections to bail, and indicate the action required to address their assessed needs and to manage any identified risks. Decisions about a young person's suitability for a community-based programme need to take into account the risks which the young person may pose to other people, his/her own

29 vulnerability to being harmed and the extent to which s/he could be effectively supervised. Alternatively, and depending on age, the young person may be placed in a secure training centre, local authority secure accommodation or in prison service custody in a young offenders' institution. Advise the Youth Justice Board Placement Team at the earliest opportunity of the likelihood of a remand in custody and complete the placement booking form. Consider the full range of options available before making proposals. It is important to avoid offering inappropriate interventions either to those whose situation, circumstances and level of offending does not warrant the involvement of statutory services, or to those who would otherwise receive different forms of conditional bail. The young person should also be fully aware of the obligations and expectations placed upon them. Tick the proposal(s) No Yot intervention put forward The young person does not meet the threshold for supervision and support. Conditional bail Bail conditions can include measures such as curfews, non-association, and exclusion zones appropriate to the situation and circumstances. Tagging The Yot is responsible for assessing the suitability of 12 to 16-year-olds and for advising the court in the case of 17-year-olds. A checklist designed to help assess suitability for tagging is attached in Annex B. Bail ISSP This can be used as part of a bail supervision and support package if it is felt necessary to: prevent offending on bail; ensure the appearance of the young person at court to reduce delays in the court process; ensure remands to custody and secure remands are kept to the minimum. RLAA (remand to local authority accommodation) Local knowledge is required about the processes and procedures for accessing a placement. Other (e.g. voluntary support) Depending on local policy and practice, some Yots provide voluntary support to young people on bail, for example by providing assistance in getting to court where there are known difficulties.

30 Secure Remand Assessment for Males Aged 15/16 Under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 a court can order the remand of a 15 or 16-year-old boy to local authority secure accommodation if it believes that it would be undesirable for him to be remanded to prison service accommodation due to his physical or emotional immaturity or propensity to self-harm. The purpose of this section is therefore to identify young men aged 15/16 who are likely to be remanded into custody and for whom a placement in local authority secure accommodation would be necessary. Given the limited number of places available, the assessment must focus on identifying the young men who most need them. It is therefore important to consider any significant problems that are additional to what might be expected for anyone in this age group. The assessment should be based on the criteria (outlined above) for a remand to local authority secure accommodation: a young person's physical or emotional immaturity or his propensity to self-harm.! Indicators of physical or emotional maturity The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families issued by the Department of Health provides seven dimensions for indicating a young person's development. These are listed in section 2 of the secure remand assessment form ('Indicators of physical or emotional immaturity'), together with examples of issues that are particularly relevant to decisions at the remand stage. For example, although many young people who offend may have lower educational achievements than would be expected for their age, this on its own would not be sufficient to justify a remand to local authority accommodation. The assessment therefore needs to specify the effect that any educational development problems would have on the young person if remanded to prison, and explain why a local authority placement would therefore be necessary. Propensity to self-harm The possibility of the young person committing self-harm or suicide should already have been considered in the 'Indicators of vulnerability' section of the Bail Profile. The focus here is on whether a custodial remand would significantly alter this assessment, i.e. by increasing the likelihood that he will attempt self-harm or suicide. Some additional guidance is given in Annex A.

31 Annex A Assessing the risk of self-harm or suicide (reproduced from pages of the Core Profile Guidance) There will always be some uncertainty about assessment of risk in this area and it is not possible to predict exactly if and when a young person will attempt suicide or self-harm. It is possible, however, to build up a picture of the events and circumstances that might combine to make the young person particularly vulnerable in this regard. It is helpful to distinguish between long-term underlying factors which may place the young person at greater risk and precipitating factors which may trigger the actual behaviour. An assessment therefore needs to take account of a broad range of issues, including personal characteristics, past and present social circumstances, and any current stressors in the young person's life. Where there is any concern about a possibility of self-harm or suicide, it is essential to give details in the evidence box. As far as possible, give details of the circumstances in which such behaviour is likely to occur, how serious it will be, and how soon it may happen. There are three key issues to consider in relation to this young person. 1) Are there life events or circumstances which make him/her particularly vulnerable? Research has highlighted some groups of young people who are more vulnerable to self-harm or suicide than others. These include: victims of abuse; those living in poverty; young people in isolated rural areas; victims of discrimination; drug users; those on remand or in prison for the first time; young people subject to care orders who have a history of broken placements; those identified as having mental illness/mental health problems; young people with a family history of suicide. The common themes which link these vulnerable groups are: isolation; lack of support; low self-esteem; sense of powerlessness/helplessness; uncertainty about the future. There are some important gender differences. Young men are three times more likely than young women to kill themselves, although deliberate self-harm remains more widespread among young women. 2) What are the precipitating factors that might trigger this behaviour? If the young person's personal or social circumstances indicate that s/he may be at risk, what are the particular events that may trigger an attempt at suicide or self-harm? Common precipitating factors include: the experience of loss; a serious disagreement with parent/s (this is particularly significant for those under 16); physical or sexual abuse; rape; bullying or threats; poor physical or mental health; exam stress or failure; contact with the criminal justice system (e.g. the uncertainty of the court process, experience of being in custody).

32 3) Is there evidence to indicate that self-harm or suicide is likely? When considering whether there is a real possibility of the young person committing selfharm or suicide in the foreseeable future, evidence from the following will be particularly important. Previous incidents of suicide or self-harm Any such incidents in the past should have been identified in section 8 ('Emotional and mental health') of the Core Profile. These incidents are particularly significant because young people who have harmed themselves in the past are at greater risk of attempting suicide in the future. Aspects of previous self-harm/suicide attempts likely to cause particular concern would include: others not present or nearby at the time; intervention from others unlikely; precautions taken against discovery; a suicide note; feelings of sadness for most of the time prior to the act of deliberate self-harm; use of alcohol or drugs; careful planning of the event. Any comments by the young person about suicidal thoughts or feelings There is an increased risk if ideas about suicide are familiar to the young person (particularly if s/he is thinking about particular methods for committing suicide). The What do YOU think? self-assessment form This addresses a number of issues about emotions and feelings. There is also a question which refers specifically to suicidal thoughts. Information from other sources (e.g. case records, concerns expressed by other people) For example, parents/carers or other colleagues who know the young person well may notice changes in his/her behaviour which cause them to be concerned.

33 Annex Yot checklist to help assess suitability for tagging (Reproduced from Appendix F of the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001: Electronic monitoring of 12 to 16-year-olds on bail and on remand to local authority accommodation, issued April 2002) Is there a less restrictive option which would be acceptable to the court? Has the nature of electronic monitoring been explained to the young person and to the parent/carer?. Who will be the responsible adult present when the tag is being applied? (This should preferably be a parent, caret or member of the extended family.). Does the young person consent to enquiries being made with others likely to be affected by his/her electronic monitoring (e.g. supported lodgings landlord, other members of the young person's household where appropriate)?. Does the householder consent to the installation of electronic monitoring equipment? e Does the accommodation have an electricity supply? If there is no telephone line installed, or the existing line is very busy, will the householder consent to the contractor installing a line (which will be removed at the end of the contracting period)?. Will the accommodation be available to the young person for the duration of the monitoring period? " If the young person is looked after, have the local protocols for consent for tagging equipment to be installed in local authority accommodation been followed? o If the proposed placement is for a remand to local authority accommodation, have the local protocols for agreement been followed? - Also in cases of remand to local authority accommodation, will it be possible to identify an appropriate placement within the day that the remand is made? Where it appears likely that a suitable placement will not be identified within a reasonable time, it may not be possible to propose the use of tagging.. For all other young people, enquiries (following local protocols) must be made with the social services department as to whether there are any known concerns regarding the proposed bail address. Is there a likelihood that the young person may present a risk to other members of the household which would be aggravated by the use of electronic monitoring? " Does the young person have any medical conditions (skin conditions) which may preclude the fitting of the tag? Is the young person pregnant? The application of the tag to the ankle may be not be suitable in these cases. Any pattern/timing of offending should be considered, to inform the most appropriate use of tagging. The young person's commitments to education, employment, training, religious or cultural observance, other community sentences, cultural needs etc. should be considered. Any advice to the court regarding appropriate curfew times should take these commitments into account.

34 The area for tagging is usually bounded by the outside walls of the premises. The tag will not usually allow, for example, access to any surrounding area unless the court orders that it does so. Limited outside access is usually used for adults who smoke, but may not do so on the premises. Where placements involve some structured activity in the grounds, advice may be sought from the contractor as to whether the area can be covered. For commonly used placements, assessment prior to any proposed placement may be available. From the knowledge available to the Yot, is there any known factor regarding the household likely to present a risk to the staff undertaking home visits? If so, the contractor, BSS or ISSP worker should be informed as appropriate, in accordance with local protocols. What other supervision may be needed alongside tagging (e.g. bail ISSP, existing community supervision)?

35 [ Additional information on answering the questions marked by asterisks on this form is given in the guidance notes. Personal details Surname First name(s) Other names Gender: Male / Female Date of birth Unique ID Police National Computer number Address Phone numbers (home, mobile, work) Postcode Ethnic classification (2001 census) Information not obtainable White British D Irish D Other White D Black/Black British Caribbean [--] African _ Other Black [_ Asian/Asian British Indian D Pakistani D Bangladeshi D Other Asian Mixed White/Black D White/Black _ White/Asian D Other Mixed Caribbean African Chinese/Other ethnic group Chinese D Any other D Preferred language (other than English) Is s/he 'looked after' by a Local Authority? Yes [_] No _-] Don't know D Details (Specify name of social worker and social services department.) Information used for assessment (Please tick all that apply.) Interview [_ Crown Prosecution Service_ General practitioner _] Case record [_] Solicitor _-] Mental health service Family/curer D Previous convictions D Other health service School _] Residential home/hostel D Drug/alcohol service Social Services Department_] Housing association D Young Offender Institution [_ Victim D Local education authority D Secure unit Police [_ Careers guidance service F--] Voluntary organisation [--I Other (e.g. club, religious organisation, local youth projects) Give details of any particular difficulties in obtaining information. Specify any significant pieces of information still to be obtained. Assessment completed by Date completed