1) The nucleus of a neuron, the area which houses all the genetic material, is found is which part of the nerve cell? cell body

Transcription

1 PSYA01 Mtuner 2 1) The nucleus of a neuron, the area which houses all the genetic material, is found is which part of the nerve cell? cell body 2) According to evolutionary theory by natural selection, it would be most advantageous for males to procreate with female partners. many 3) The gap between neuron cells is referred to as the.- synaptic cleft 4) A statistic used in behavioral genetics which allows us to see how genetic differences account for individual differences on some particular trait is called.-heritability 5) What types of depth cues rely on the use of two eyes?- Binocular depth cues 6) You are outside on a starry night, looking up at a very faint star. You notice that the star appears dim when you stair directly at it, but becomes brighter when you keep it within your field of vision and look elsewhere in the sky. Why? - There are more rods than cones in the peripheral regions of the retina. 7) A washed-up celebrity goes over-board with her weekly Botox injections and suddenly finds herself being rushed into the hospital with the possibility of some sort of heart failure. Which neurotransmitter is affecting the lethal paralysis in this case?-acetylcholine 8) Johnny inherited his genes from both his parents, the resulting behaviors and outcomes that are observed in Johnny are referred to as his characteristics. phenotypic 9) While hanging up a poster in her dorm room, Tracy accidentally pricks herself with a tack and instantly feels a sharp pain, which causes her to remove her hand away from the sharp object. This resulting neural firing is caused by a temporary shift in electrical activity referred to as a(n) potential. -action 10) For a trait to be selected for and survive within a gene pool across generations, It must serve a(n) purpose. adaptive 11) Failure to notice certain stimuli when selectively focused on other stimuli or a task is referred to as- Inattention blindness 12) Walking through a stairway, you wack your head very hard on the ledge, but after the pain subsides, you re thankful that your brain in protected by a hard skull and what cushioning layer of this fluid?- meninges 13) During the resting state of the neuron before or in the absence of any sort of neural firing the interior region of the axon has a charge. negative

2 14) During the neural communication, when an action potential sends signals between neurons, the structure of the receiving neuron is affected by various neurotransmitters. dendrite 15)

3 16) 17) Glossitis refers to the inflammation on the tongue, and it can sometimes result in the destruction of the papillae. This is turn reduces the number of the taste buds on parts of the tongue, and can result in distortions or a reduction in the ability to taste. Following the treatment, the tongue is able to rebuild the papillae. Do you think that successfully treatment would also happen to reverse the alterations in the taste as well?- Yes, the taste buds replenish themselves over time. 18) One day you re reminded of someone and you recall a past event in your life that was highly emotional for you. The experience you feel is almost as if you were reliving that experience. What system is likely activated here? limbic system 19) Which type of class of drug would a doctor give to a patient to increase the number of dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain?- dopamine agonist 20) As a human, the fact that you are able to carry out higher order functions, engaging in symbolic thought, master a language and maintain a distinct personality is due to what area of the brain?-cerebral cortex. 21) When you enter a dark room form a bright hallway, the black dot in the center of each eye appears to become larger. Conversely, when you re-enter the bright hallway, the black dots become smaller. What part of the eye is changing during the movement between the dark room and the hallway that creates this alteration in the diameter of the black dot?- The iris

4 22) The optic chiasm, the optic nerves, retinal photoreceptors, the visual cortex, and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus are all involved in early visual processing. In what sequence does visual information travel through those five structures, after light has entered the eye? - Retinal photoreceptors, the optic nerves, the optic chiasm, the LGN the visual cortex. 23) Charles Darwin was responsible for his groundbreaking theory and ideas on evolutionary change, which he referred to as selection- natural 24) A chemical is released throughout the body, secreted by the glands found in the endocrine system, and is relatively slower acting. What class does this bodily chemical belong to?- hormones 25) 26) The fact that even monozygotic twins can often have different personalities and phenotypic variation is indicative that which factor plays an important role in the development of a person across the lifespan? environment 27) You notice when driving on the highway that objects towards the horizon appear to move much more slowly compared to objects close to the road, which race by quickly. This depth cue is known as motion parallax, and is one of the major ways our brains are able to perceive depth. Motion parallax is an example of what kind of depth cue? a monocular depth cue 28) refers to the general process of detecting external events by sense organs and turning those events into neural signals; refers to the process of attending to, organizing, and interoperating stimuli that we sense. - sensation; perception 29) Signal detection theory stated that whether a stimulus is perceived depends on both sensory experience and judgment made by the subject. This implies what two

5 processes, each of which is explored in typical signal detection experiments?- a sensory process, and a decision process 30) In psychology, attention and the perception of sensory stimuli are largely characterized by what two-kinds of processing?- Top- down and bottom- up processing 31) The type of neurophysiological recording that applies an electromagnetic pulse to a particular are of the brain in order to infer its function is referred to as. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 32) 33) When light enters your eye, what is the order in which the signal travels before it reaches the optic nerve, for the three types of neurons found in the retina? 34) Photoreceptors>>Bipolar Cells>>Ganglion Cells>>Optic Nerve 35) What is the name of the membrane at the end of the ear canal that vibrates in response to sound waves? the eardrum 36) A middle- aged man suffers a devastating stroke which impairs some of his cognitive ability. Over time, however, he is able to recover some of this ability and maintain a certain level of cognitive functioning. What principal allows this to happen? neuroplasticity 37) The active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception is called-haptics

6 38)