1. Which type of research is constrained by ethical considerations? C. The events in the scientific world are unpredictable

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1 1. Which type of research is constrained by ethical considerations? A. Neither quantitative nor qualitative research B. Quantitative research C. Qualitative research D. Both qualitative and quantitative 2. What is a basic assumption of positivist paradigm? A. The natural world is not objectively knowable B. Reality is subjective and therefore not fixed C. The events in the scientific world are unpredictable D. All events in the natural world have antecedent causes 3. What is considered the current priority area for nursing research? A. Problems relating to nurses professional identity B. Improvements in patient care and patient outcomes C. Content of nursing curricula D. Staffing and shortage problems 4. In a qualitative study entitled Parental adaptation to childhood leukemia, which is the independent variable? A. Childhood leukemia B. Adaptation C. Parents D. There is no independent variable 5. In a qualitative study, level of depression would be A. Not a variable B. Independent variable C. Dependent variable D. Either dependent or independent 6. Which of the following is an operational definition of obesity?

2 A. A condition that is associated with heightened risk of a variety of health problems B. A condition that is high priority topic for nurse researchers C. A condition characterized by excessive body fat D. A score greater than 30 on the BMI 7. Which qualitative research tradition originated from the discipline of sociology? A. Phenomenology B. Philology C. Ethnography D. Grounded theory 8. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Qualitative researchers sometimes avoid doing a literature review before going into the field B. Ethnographic researchers design interventions to test cultural hypotheses C. In qualitative research, analysis begins before all the data have been collected D. Qualitative researchers make design decisions while in the field rather than a the outset 9. How would the progression of tasks of a qualitative study be described? A. Irregular B. Linear C. Circular D. Haphazard 10. In which section of a research report would the following sentence most likely appear? It was hypothesized that social support is positively related to psychological adjustment to a mastectomy A. The method section B. The results section C. Discussion D. Introduction 11. Statistical tests are basically used to

3 A. Demonstrate researcher competence B. Demonstrate rigor C. Prove researcher s hypothesis D. Evaluate the reliability of study findings 12. Why are reports on quantitative studies more difficult to comprehend than reports on qualitative studies? A. Qualitative reports are much shorter B. Qualitative research focuses on more concrete phenomena C. Qualitative reports do not use research jargon D. Quantitative reports typically present statistical information that may be intimidating 13. What does informed consent imply? A. All possible information about a study has been given to study participants B. Researchers consent to inform study participants about rights and responsibilities C. Study participants forfeit their right to withdraw from a study after signing the consent form D. Study participants are able to understand the information given to them about the study before agreeing to participate 14. Which of the following is true? A. Deception to study participants is an example of research misconduct B. Covert data collection is an example of research misconduct C. Failure to obtain REB approval is an example of research misconduct D. Using someone else s ideas to design a new study without attribution is an example of research misconduct 15. Who would be a vulnerable subject? A. A mastectomy patient, age 35, discharged 3 days postoperatively B. An ex-convict, male, 25 years of age C. A postoperative male patient, 71 years of age D. A pregnant woman female, 22 years of age 16. Rape victims usually do not seek treatment is A. A null hypothesis B. A directional research hypothesis

4 C. A nondirectional research hypothesis D. Not a hypothesis as stated 17. Which is not a source for the development of a research problem? A. Theories B. Nursing literature C. Codes of ethics D. Clinical experience 18. Widows with a strong social support network during bereavement are healthier than widows lacking a strong social support network is A. A nondirectional research hypothesis B. A null hypothesis C. A directional research hypothesis D. Not a hypothesis as stated 19. In the CINAHL database, users can access references through a search for A. Journals B. Mapping terms C. Authors institutional affiliations D. Text words 20. To a nurse seeking knowledge on a topic, a literature review article in a journal would be considered: A. A bibliographic database B. An abstract C. A secondary source D. A primary source 21. What is a major purpose of doing a literature review? A. Developing bibliographic skills B. Developing critical thinking skills C. Developing research skills D. Determine the state of knowledge on a topic

5 22. What are the basic elements of both theories and conceptual models? A. Hypothesis B. Conceptual definitions C. Frameworks D. Concepts 23. In research that lacks a theoretical framework acceptable? A. Yes, but only if it is a qualitative study B. No, all research should have a theoretical framework C. Yes, if there is no relevant theoretical framework for a utilitarian problem D. Yes, but its value is diminished, regardless of the type of research 24. What type of theory is the Uncertainty in Illness Theory? A. A borrowed theory B. A grand theory C. A descriptive theory D. A middle-range theory 25. Which of the following is within-subjects design? A. Pretest-posttest experimental design B. Non-equivalent control group design C. Crossover design D. Factorial experiment 26. Which is the following is not a key aspect of a study s validity? A. Statistical conclusion validity B. Internal validity C. External validity D. Implementation validity 27. Manipulation refers to A. Random assignment of subjects to groups

6 B. Unethical exploitation of subjects C. Control of the setting in which the study will take place D. Conscious control of the independent variable through the introduction of a treatment 28. Which is a term used by phenomenologists? A. Symbolic interaction B. Being-in-the-world C. Insider research D. Discourse analysis 29. Which of the following qualitative traditions stems from the discipline of anthropology? A. Grounded theory B. Discourse analysis C. Phenomenology D. Ethnography 30. What is the ethnographic term used to refer to information about a culture that is so deeply embedded that members may not even be aware of it? A. Autoethnography B. Intuiting C. Corporeality D. Tacit knowledge 31. Evaluations use what type(s) of designs? A. Either experimental or quasi-experimental B. Experimental only C. Non experimental only D. Experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental 32. In surveys, telephone interviews may be preferred over personal interviews

7 A. With low-income respondents B. Because they are less costly C. When the topics covered in the interview are sensitive D. When the interview is lengthy 33. The NOC system is of greatest relevance for which of the following types of research? A. Case studies B. Surveys C. Mixed method studies D. Outcomes research 34. If a population were defined as Asian children in elementary school in Canada, an element would be A. Elementary school children in Canada who are Asian B. Asian children C. An elementary school D. An Asian child in elementary school in Canada 35. What is random sampling? A. Assignment to a group at random B. A method of determining eligibility for a study C. A form of nonprobability sampling D. A form of probability sampling 36. All citizens of the UK who are diabetic is an example of: A. A sample B. A population C. A stratum D. An element

8 Answers 1D 2D 3B 4D 5D 6D 7D 8B 9C 10D 11D 12D 13D 14D 15D 16D 17C 18C 19D 20C 21D 22D 23C 24D 25C 26D 27D 28B 29D 30 D 31 D 32 B 33 D 34 D 35D 36

Qualitative Research Design

Qualitative Research Design Jie Hu, PhD., RN, FAAN NUR705-01D What is qualitative research? Research focusing on how individuals and groups view and understand the world and construct meanings out of their