Upper-extremity Motor Co-ordination of Healthy Elderly People
|
|
- Amos Manning
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Age and Ageing 1995: Upperextremity Motor Coordination of Healthy Elderly People JOHANNE DESROSIERS, REJEAN HEBERT, GINA BRAVO, ELISABETH DUTIL Summary Motor coordination is an important prerequisite to adequate upperextremity performance. With the ageing of the population, more and more elderly people are at risk of acquiring upperextremity motor incoordination following sensorimotor deficit. The main objective of the study was to develop normative data on upperextremity motor coordination for elderly people. Three hundred and sixty subjects aged 60 and over were randomly selected and evaluated with the Finger Nose Test. The results revealed a linear decline in the performance of this test with age. Younger, more active and subjectively healthier subjects presented better motor coordination. Some differences were found between sexes and sides. The normative data will help clinicians to identify pathological reduction in motor coordination in an elderly population. Introduction Motor coordination is essential to adequate upperextremity performance. Coordination can be defined as the ability to produce a controlled, accurate and rapid movement [1]. Coordination results from the muscles working harmoniously together in the execution of movements [2]. Bourbonnais et al. [3] integrated these elements in their definition: 'the ability of a given subject to activate the appropriate muscles for the execution of a purposeful movement in an accurate and effective manner'. Good coordination depends not only on muscular work but also on sensory information and body scheme [1, 4]. Coordination is mainly under cerebellar control but it can be affected by many other components of the central nervous system, such as the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems [5]. According to Poirier [6], coordination is a prerequisite to good manual dexterity. Several methods of measuring motor coordination have been developed using sophisticated laboratory instruments [5], but few of them are used in clinical rehabilitation settings. Clinical quantitative methods used to evaluate motor coordination are mainly tapping tasks [79] and tracking tasks [10]. Usually, upperextremity motor coordination is evaluated by observing patient performance during the execution of accurate, fast and repeated movements of the arm. The FingerNose Test is an example of such a test [5, 11]. Two main variations of the FingerNose Test are used in clinical settings. One consists of the subject repetitively touching his/her nose as fast as possible and fully extending the arm in front of him/herself. The second variation of this test consists of the subject alternately touching his/her nose and another target such as the examiner's finger. In clinical coordination assessment, the two main criteria considered are the speed and the quality of movements (presence of tremor and dysmetria). Swaine and Sullivan [12] studied the reliability of the Finger Nose Test in adults with traumatic brain injury. They concluded that therapists demonstrated poor reliability in assessing the presence of tremor and dysmetria. However, for the time of execution related to the speed of movements, intrarater reliability was estimated at 0.97 for the right side and 0.99 for the left and interrater reliability at 0.92 and 0.91 respectively. Swaine and Sullivan [13] explored the relationship between clinical and instrumental measures of motor coordination with traumatically braininjured subjects. They concluded that, although meaningful correlations were observed, these two methods of testing do not measure the same dimensions but are complementary. However, in clinical settings, instrumental measures are less available and therefore rarely used by clinicians. Some authors have reported that motor coordination is affected by age [7, 14 16]. Women are usually better coordinated than men [7, 15] or no difference is observed between the sexes [16]. In previous research, the dominant hand scored better [7,15] except the male subjects of Potvin et al. [14] who obtained better scores in the nondominant hand. The aforementioned studies involved different tests, methods and age groups which may contribute to the observed differences. All used convenience samples which might not be representative of the normal elderly population.
2 UPPEREXTREMITY MOTOR COORDINATION 109 With the ageing of the population, more and more elderly people are at risk of acquiring upperextremity sensorimotor impairments such as incoordination. It is important to be familiar with normal ageing in order to identify pathological changes. However, an all too familiar problem in geriatrics is the absence of normative data. The main objective of the present study was to develop normative data on upperextremity motor coordination of the elderly. Secondly, we wanted to analyse whether differences existed between the sexes and between the performance of the two upper limbs. Finally, we wanted to explore potential relationships between good motor coordination and some personal variables such as anthropometries, prior occupational activity, current activity level and selfperceived health. Methods Subjects: A random sample of 360 subjects aged 60 and over, stratified for age (60 69, 7079, 80 and over) and sex, was drawn from the electoral pool of the city of Sherbrooke (Quebec, Canada). Located 100 miles east of Montreal, Sherbrooke is a town of some inhabitants, of whom nearly 17% are over 60. Each subject was first contacted by mail and then by telephone to verify eligibility criteria and the subject's willingness to participate in the study. The eligibility criteria were: lucidity, independence in activities of daily living, adequate eyesight and absence of impairment affecting upperlimb function. When a subject refused or was not eligible, another subject was selected until 60 subjects were enrolled per stratum. People who refused to participate in the study even though eligible were asked to reply to a general information telephone questionnaire in order to estimate refusal bias. Questions asked covered age, dominance, height, weight, current activity level and selfperceived health. Each subject was evaluated at the Upper Limb Functional Measurement Laboratory at the Centre de recherche en gerontologie et geriatrie of the Hopital D'Youville de Sherbrooke. Subjects' dominance was evaluated with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [17]. Procedure: This research was part of a comprehensive study of elderly upperlimb performance. The assessment procedure began with an interview in order to collect data potentially related to upperextremity performance. These variables were height (cm), weight (kg), hand size (cm), previous work characteristics (active vs. sedentary, high use vs. low use of upper extremities, high vs. low upperextremity strength required, high vs. lowfinedexterity required), selfperceived health (excellent, good, fair, poor), current activity level (very active, active, slightly active, sedentary) and frequency of current manual activities (very often, often, sometimes, seldom/never). The FingerNose Test was the fourth test administered in the evaluation battery, immediately following the Box and Block Test [18], the Purdue Pegboard [19] and the TEMPA [20, 21]. Although the FingerNose Test is frequently used in clinical settings, there is no standardized protocol universally accepted by clinicians. A standardized protocol was therefore developed in order to increase the reliability of the measure. Subjects were seated on a regular height chair without armrests, in front of a wall and positioned with nose 45 cm from a horizontal target. This target was a red circle 2 cm in diameter that could be moved on a vertical axis according to the height of the subject. With their index finger, the subjects were asked to touch nose and target alternately as fast as possible during a 20second period. If the target was not touched in an accurate manner, this nosetarget movement was not recorded so that accuracy of movement could not be sacrificed in order to increase speed of execution. The dominant side was evaluated first. The score recorded was the number of complete nose target repetitions achieved within the allowed time. The subjects were assessed by occupational therapists. Statistical analyses: Means, standard deviations and range values are reported for each sex in three different age groups (6069, 7079, 80 + ). The t test or x 2 were used to compare individuals who participated in the study and those who refused. Simple regression analyses were done in order to determine predicted values and their 95% confidence intervals for women and men according to their age. These intervals for a subject are calculated in this way: Y ± [S(b)] 2 (age age) 2 } where Y is the predicted value; MSE (mean square of the error) a measure of the adequacy of the model; n the size of the sample and S(b) the standard error of the coefficient of the age. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was also performed in order to determine the influence of several independent variables on the performance of a subject on the Finger Nose Test (dependent variable). Results Three hundred and sixty subjects aged years (X 73.9) participated in the study. The mean age was 74.1 (SD 8.2) for women and 73.3 (SD 7.8) for men. The participation rate of randomly sampled subjects was 78% (74% for women and 82% for men). Individuals who refused to participate were comparable to those who accepted in terms of age (p = 0.47), dominance (p = 0.83), height (p = 0.06), weight (p = 0.11), sex (p = 0.06), current activity level (0.21) and selfperceived health (p = 0.19). Most of the subjects (91.7%) were righthanded with only, as expected, 6.1% lefthanded and 2.2% ambidextrous. Because of the small number of subjects who were not righthanded, the results were analysed without considering dominance. Table I presents the results of the FingerNose Test for women and men by age group. A higher score implies a better performance. As expected, there is a significant linear decline in motor coordination with age (r=0.52, p< ). Considering all subject scores, significant differences were found between men and women for the left side (t = 2.66, p= ), with men being more skilled, while no differences were found on the right side (t = 1.86, p= 0.063). However, analysis by age group (6069, 7079 and 80 + ) indicates that the difference is mainly due to the group where men presented higher scores on both sides (p = on the right and p= on the left). No difference between sexes was observed in the 6069 and ^80yearold groups. In addition, the right side of this predominantly righthanded sample was significantly better than the left (t = 4.17, p< ).
3 J. DESROSIERS ET AL. Table I. Normative data for women and men on the FingerNose Test (n= 360; 60 per group) (number of complete nose target movements during 20second period) Age group (years) Women 6069 (X = 64.7) 7079 (X = 73.9) 80 + (X = 83.5) Men 6069 (X = 65.0) 7079 (X = 73.4) 80 + (X = 82.9) Mean (SD) range Right hand 24.1 (3.5) (4.4) (3.3) (3.8) (3.8) (4.0) 1029 Left hand 23.2(3.6) (4.3) (3.3) (4.1) (3.7) (4.1) 1234 Number of nosetarget movements in 20 seconds Normative data for all scores obtained on the Finger Nose Test by women and men according to age group are presented in Figures 1 and 2. Clinicians can use these figures to compare the performance of their elderly patients to the norms. The same results are presented in Table II as formulae derived from simple regression analyses for calculating the expected scores (predicted value) of women and men on the Finger Nose Test according to their age. Multiple stepwise regression analyses indicate that, among measured variables, three independent variables are significantly related to FingerNose Test scores: age, selfperceived health and current activity level, which explain about 32% of the variance. The younger the subjects, the more they estimate their health to be good or excellent, and the more active they are, the better their upperextremity motor coordination score. Discussion The main objective of this study was to measure the upperextremity motor coordination of elderly people in order to develop normative data for a standardized test used in clinical settings: the FingerNose Test. The sample used was randomly selected from an electoral list and the high participation rate (78%) suggests good representation of the population from which it was drawn. Furthermore, statistical analyses in, Right»ld«Loft»ld«,, Right sldd Lafi tide,, Right»lda Loft ild«, 8069 years 7076 yean 80 years + Age groups J Mean i 2 sd Figure 1. Normative data for upperextremity motor coordination measured by the FingerNose Test for women.
4 UPPEREXTREMITY MOTOR COORDINATION Number of nosetarget movements in 20 seconds m I Right tide Left «ld«, I 6069 years Mean i 2 id! Right tide Left side, 7079 years Age groups I Right side L«tt»kla, 80 yaars + Figure 2. Normative data for upperextremity motor coordination measured by the Finger Nose Test for men. indicated no significant difference between those who refused and those who accepted in terms of specific variables. Therefore, the norms developed in this study should be representative of an elderly population. This study confirms the results of Kjerland [15], Potvin et al. [14], Bornstein [7] and Verkek et al. [16] that upperlimb motor coordination declines with age. Contrary to these studies which were composed of young and old subjects, our sample was exclusively composed of elderly people. Also, this study included a large number of very old people (120 subjects aged 80 and over) who are often not considered in research protocols. In the present study, sex was associated with coordination, but only in a specific age group. Indeed, men aged 7079 obtained better scores on both sides than women. These results are not consistent with data from other studies [7, 15] done with tapping tests in which women presented better scores than men. Assessing 113 subjects aged 1469, Verkek et al. [16] did not find any difference between sexes. How can we explain the superiority of men over women in this particular age group and not in the others? The study sample is representative from the population in which it was selected, which eliminates selection bias. Information bias should also not be considered, since all information was collected uniformly. A cohort bias may however be present here. Indeed, people of 60, 70 and 80 years are different in their living experiences and in their activities which could influence motor coordination. Globally for all subjects, scores are significantly higher on the right side than on the left but these statistical differences are small and do not appear clinically important. When analyses are done by age and sex group, the differences are still present, but only for women in the three age groups. No differences are observed between scores on the right and left sides for men. Because of the wide age stratum (10 years) and of the linear reduction of motor coordination with age, the use of predictive formulae (Table II) produces more precise estimates than the use of the mean and the standard Table II. Predictive equations and 95% confidence interval of the Finger Nose Test for women and men, in relation to age Upper extremity Women Right Left Men Right Left Predictive equations (age) (age) (age) (age) 7.4 Variability of the estimated score R Example: The right FingerNose Test score expected for a woman aged 78 is: (78)= 20 nosetarget movements in 20second period. Variability associated with this score is 7.2. Therefore, the 95% confidence interval around the score expected for a woman of that age is given by (12.8, 27.2).
5 J. DESROSIERS ET AL. deviation (Table I). Finally, multiple regression analyses suggest that three independent variables may explain the upperextremity motor coordination scores of the subjects in the study. Age is the variable which explains most of the variance, following by selfperceived health and current activity level. These results confirm the importance of being and staying active in order to maintain good upperextremity performance. This study has some limitations. First, the majority of the sample being righthanded, these norms should be used with caution for lefthanded people. Second, the crosssectional design of the study can introduce a cohort bias, people born at the beginning of the century having not lived through the same events and in the same conditions as the younger ones, which might influence their coordination. However, this design does not have an impact on the quality of normative data. Finally, these norms consider the speed of execution of movements of ablebodied people. In the clinical setting, we must also consider the quality of the movements in order to plan treatment. Motor coordination is an important prerequisite to good upperextremity performance. This study demonstrated that ageing is associated with the speed used to execute the Finger Nose Test. Although a cohort bias may be present in this crosssectional study, the normative data presented can be used by clinicians in geriatric rehabilitation settings in order to differentiate between real coordination deficits and the normal reduction of this skill with age. Acknowledgements The authors thank the 360 subjects who agreed to participate in this study. They also thank Daniel Bourbonnais, Associate Professor at the Ecole de readaptation of the Universite de Montreal, and Carmen Moliner, occupational therapist, for their revision of the manuscript. This study was conducted with financial support from the National Health Research and Development Program (Health and Welfare Canada), the Fonds de recherche en sante du Quebec and the Centre de recherche en gerontologie et geriatrie, Hopital D'Youville de Sherbrooke. References 1. Zoltan B, Pedretti LW. Evaluation of muscle tone and coordination. In: Pedretti LW, Zoltan B eds. Occupational therapy: practice skills for physical dysfunction (3rd edn.). StLouis: C.V. Mosby, Trombly CA. Occupational therapy for physical dysfunction (3rd edn.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, Bourbonnais D, Vanden Noven S, Pelletier R. Incoordination in patients with hemiparesis. Can J Public Health 1992;83:S Farber SD. Assessing neuromotor performance enablers. In: Christiansen C, Baum C. Occupational therapy: overcoming human performance deficits. Thorofore, NJ: Slack, Potvin AR, Tourtelotte WW. Quantitative examination of neurologic functions. Boca Raton, Florida: C.R.C. Press, Poirier F. Dexterity as a valid measure of hand function: a pilot study. Occup Ther Health Care 1987;4: Bornstein RA. Normative data on intermanual differences on three tests of motor performance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1986;8: Gloss D, Wardle MG. Reliability and validity of American Medical Association's guide to ratings of permanent impairment. JAMA 1982;248: Turton A, Fraser C. The use of a simple aiming task to measure recovery following stroke. Physiother Pract 1987;3: Behbehani H, Kondraske GV, Tintner R, Tindall RAS, Imrhan SN. Evaluation of quantitative measures of upper extremity speed and coordination in healthy persons and in three patient populations. Arch Phys MedRehabil 1990;71:106ll. 11. Courtois G. Elements de neurologic pratique. Montreal: Les Presses de l'universite de Montreal, Swaine BR, Sullivan SJ. Reliability of the scores for the fingertonose test in adults with traumatic brain injury. Phys Ther 1993;73: Swaine BR, Sullivan SJ. The relation between clinical and instrumented measures of motor coordination in traumatically brain injured persons. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73: Potvin AR, Syndulko K, Tourtelotte WW, Lemmon JA, Potvin JH. Human neurologic function and the aging process. J Am Geriatr Soc 1980;28:l Kjerland RN. Age and sex differences in performance in motility and strength. Proc Iowa Acad Set 1953;60: Verkek PH, Schouten JP, Oosterhuis HJGH. Measurement of the hand coordination. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1990;92: Oldfields OD. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia 1971;9: Desrosiers J, Bravo G, Hebert R, Dutil E, Mercieu L. Validation of the Box and Block test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: reliability, validity and norms studies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994;75: Desrosiers J, Hebert R, Bravo G, Dutil E. The Purdue Pegboard test: normative data for people aged 60 and over. Disabil Rehabil (in press). 20. Desrosiers J, Hebert R, Dutil E, Bravo G. Development and reliability of an upper extremity function test for the elderly: the TEMPA. Can J Occup Ther 1993;60: Desrosiers J, Hebert R, Dutil E, Bravo G, Mercier L. Validity of the TEMPA: a measurement instrument for upper extremity performance. Occup Ther J Res 1994;14: Authors' addresses J. Desrosiers, R. Hebert, G. Bravo Centre de recherche en gerontologie et geriatrie, Hopital D'Youville de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Sud, Sherbrooke (Quebec) J1H4C4 Canada E. Dutil Ecole de readaptation, Universite de Montreal, Canada Received 13 June 1994
MOTOR COORDINATION CAN BE defined as the ability
993 Validation of a New Lower-Extremity Motor Coordination Test Johanne Desrosiers, OT, PhD, Annie Rochette, OT, PhD, Hélène Corriveau, PT, PhD ABSTRACT. Desrosiers J, Rochette A, Corriveau H. Validation
More informationINTRODUCTION. Ayse Ozcan, Zeliha Tulum, Lamia PInar, Ferdi Baskurt. Address for correspondence. J Korean Med Sci 2004; 19: ISSN
J Korean Med Sci 24; 19: 874-8 ISSN 111-8934 Copyright The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Comparison of Pressure Pain Threshold, Grip Strength, Dexterity and Touch Pressure of Dominant and Non-Dominant
More informationii. Reduction of tone in upper limb Lycra arm splints improve movement fluency in children with cerebral palsy.
Guidelines for the Provision of Dynamic Compression for people diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis The use of Lycra garments in patients with the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis has been initiated with very
More informationDepartment of Rehabilitation, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan 3
16 Japanese Journal of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science (2017) Original Article Increasing the prediction accuracy of FIM gain by adding FIM improvement for one month from admission to the explanatory
More informationWilliam C Miller, PhD, FCAOT Professor Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
William C Miller, PhD, FCAOT Professor Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada THE L TEST MANUAL Version: November 2014 Table of Contents Introduction...
More information(77, 72, 74, 75, and 81).
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN A descriptive study using a cross sectional design was used to establish norms on the JHFT for an ethnically diverse South African population between the ages
More informationIntermanual differences on neuropsychological motor tasks in a Japanese university student sample 1
bs_bs_banner Japanese Psychological Research 2014, Volume 56, No. 2, 103 113 doi: 10.1111/jpr.12039 Intermanual differences on neuropsychological motor tasks in a Japanese university student sample 1 HIKARI
More informationCORE MEASURE: CORE MEASURE: BERG BALANCE SCALE (BBS)
OVERVIEW NUMBER OF TEST ITEMS SCORING EQUIPMENT TIME (NEW CLINICIAN) TIME (EXPERIENCED CLINICIAN) COST o The BBS is a widely-used, clinician-rated scale used to assess sitting and standing, static and
More informationInterlimb Transfer of Grasp Orientation is Asymmetrical
Short Communication TheScientificWorldJOURNAL (2006) 6, 1805 1809 ISSN 1537-744X; DOI 10.1100/tsw.2006.291 Interlimb Transfer of Grasp Orientation is Asymmetrical V. Frak 1,2, *, D. Bourbonnais 2, I. Croteau
More informationPharmacophore COMPARING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINE MOTOR SKILLS AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDEXES IN HEALTHY AND HARD OF HEARING ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Pharmacophore ISSN-2229-5402 Journal home page: http://www.pharmacophorejournal.com COMPARING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINE MOTOR SKILLS AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDEXES IN HEALTHY AND HARD OF HEARING ELEMENTARY
More informationOverview The BBS is a widely-used, clinician-rated scale used to assess sitting and standing, static and dynamic balance.
Core Measure: Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Overview The BBS is a widely-used, clinician-rated scale used to assess sitting and standing, static and dynamic balance. Number of Test Items The BBS consists of
More informationOnline Journal Club-Article Review
Online Journal Club-Article Review Article Citation Study Objective/Purpose (hypothesis) Brief Background (why issue is important; summary of previous literature) Study Design (type of trial, randomization,
More informationEvaluation of the functional independence for stroke survivors in the community
Asian J Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 4: 24 9 Evaluation of the functional independence for stroke survivors in the community ORIGINAL ARTICLE CKC Chan Bsc, DWC Chan Msc, SKM Wong MBA, MAIS, BA, PDOT ABSTRACT
More informationBackground. Hearing aid hardware design challenges. Hearing aid hardware design challenges. Function. Hearing aid hardware design challenges
Manual dexterity and hearing instrument hardware development Maria Grundtvig, MA Research Audiologist Audiology Development Research and Development GN ReSound Background Function Form Function No matter
More informationResearch Report. Key Words: Functional status; Orthopedics, general; Treatment outcomes. Neva J Kirk-Sanchez. Kathryn E Roach
Research Report Relationship Between Duration of Therapy Services in a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Program and Mobility at Discharge in Patients With Orthopedic Problems Background and Purpose. The purpose
More informationThe Reliability of Four Different Methods. of Calculating Quadriceps Peak Torque Angle- Specific Torques at 30, 60, and 75
The Reliability of Four Different Methods. of Calculating Quadriceps Peak Torque Angle- Specific Torques at 30, 60, and 75 By: Brent L. Arnold and David H. Perrin * Arnold, B.A., & Perrin, D.H. (1993).
More informationFES Standing: The Effect of Arm Support on Stability and Fatigue During Sit-to-Stand Manoeuvres in SCI Individuals
FES Standing: The Effect of Arm Support on Stability and Fatigue During Sit-to-Stand Manoeuvres in SCI Individuals Musfirah Abd Aziz and Nur Azah Hamzaid Abstract Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
More informationPlease demonstrate each task and/or give instructions as written. When scoring, please record the lowest response category that applies for each item.
Berg Balance Test Name Date Location Rater GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Please demonstrate each task and/or give instructions as written. When scoring, please record the lowest response category that applies for
More informationInterrater Reliability of Neurologic Soft Signs in an Acquired Brain Injury Population
811 Interrater Reliability of Neurologic Soft Signs in an Acquired Brain Injury Population Cheryl A. Masanic, MD, Mark T. Bayley, MD ABSTRACT. Masanic C, Bayley MT. Interrater reliability of neurologic
More informationJournal of Sport Rehabilitation. The reliability of strength tests performed in elevated shoulder positions using a hand-held dynamometer
The reliability of strength tests performed in elevated shoulder positions using a hand-held dynamometer Journal: Manuscript ID: JSR.2015-0034.R2 Manuscript Type: Technical Report Keywords: dynamometry,
More informationEnhanced visual perception near the hands
Enhanced visual perception near the hands Bachelor thesis Marina Meinert (s0163430) Supervisors: 1 st supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ing. W. B. Verwey 2 nd supervisor: Dr. M. L. Noordzij External supervisor: Dr.
More informationCRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP)
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) FOCUSED QUESTION Is mirror therapy more effective in a, or individually, on sensorimotor function, activities of daily living, quality of life, and visuospatial neglect
More informationBerg Balance Scale. CVA, Parkinson Disease, Pediatrics
CVA, Parkinson Disease, Pediatrics CVA Highly recommended for inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation Recommended for acute care Parkinson s Disease Recommended for H and Y stages 2 and 3 G code-changing
More informationCRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP)
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) Shin, J., Bog Park, S., & Ho Jang, S. (2015). Effects of game-based virtual reality on healthrelated quality of life in chronic stroke patients: A randomized, controlled
More informationEffectiveness of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Limb Function in Stroke Subjects
16 Effectiveness of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Limb Function in Stroke Subjects Jyh-Geng Yen 1, Ray-Yau Wang 2, Hsin-Hung Chen 1, and Chi-Tzong Hong 1,3 Abstract- Background
More informationBayesian integration in sensorimotor learning
Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learning Introduction Learning new motor skills Variability in sensors and task Tennis: Velocity of ball Not all are equally probable over time Increased uncertainty:
More informationLeft hand, but not right hand, reaching is sensitive to visual context
Exp Brain Res (010) 03:7 3 DOI 10.1007/s001-010-14-6 RESEARCH NOTE Left hand, but not right hand, reaching is sensitive to visual context Jos J. Adam Rick Müskens Susan Hoonhorst Jay Pratt Martin H. Fischer
More informationCreated in January 2005 Duration: approx. 20 minutes
1 1 The Timed Up and Go Test Created in January 2005 Duration: approx. 20 minutes 2 Credits 2005 Stein Gerontological Institute. All rights reserved. Principal medical contributors: Alan Katz, MD Francois
More information9/9/2016. By: Erica Ogilvie Rehab 540 Stroke Rehab University of Alberta Northwestern Ontario Regional Stroke Network
By: Erica Ogilvie Rehab 540 Stroke Rehab University of Alberta Northwestern Ontario Regional Stroke Network Referred to as J.S. 60 year old Caucasian female 6 weeks post ischemic stroke Middle Cerebral
More informationPhysicians versus surgeons. A pilot study on hand dexterity within a controlled population
456 Acta s. figueiredo, Orthop. Belg., l. machado, 2016, 82, 456-461 a. d. pereira lousada, l. sa castelo, m. l. fardilha, ORIGINAL a. sa STUDY Physicians versus surgeons. A pilot study on hand dexterity
More informationCRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP)
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) FOCUSED QUESTION: Will use of low-level functional electrical stimulation improve accuracy of active reaching with the upper extremity better than traditional occupational
More informationTraining Lab Procedures
Training Lab Procedures Last Name: Conduct the procedures described on yourself and a friend unless the procedure only requires one subject. Be sure to warm up prior to starting any exercise. Record responses
More informationMINERVA MEDICA COPYRIGHT
EUR J PHYS REHABIL MED 2008;44:431-5 Robot-assisted therapy for neuromuscular training of sub-acute stroke patients. A feasibility study Aim. Several studies have described the contribution of robotics
More informationLAB 4 BALANCE, PERCEPTUAL JUDGMENT, AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Introduction LAB 4 BALANCE, PERCEPTUAL JUDGMENT, AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT This lab consists of a series of experiments that explore various perceptual skills that help us understand how we perform
More informationRole of handedness in flying performance
Original Article Role of handedness in flying performance Maj R Pipraiya *, Gp Capt S Chowdhary + ABSTRACT Handedness as an attribute has been vastly studied in particular professions where this attribute
More informationA Study of relationship between frailty and physical performance in elderly women
Original Article Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 2015;11(4):215-219 A Study of relationship between frailty and physical performance in elderly women Bog Ja Jeoung 1, *, Yang Chool Lee 2 1 Department
More informationPhysical activity effects on postural adjustments: a review
Proceeding 10th INSHS International Christmas Sport Scientific Conference, 4-5 December 2015. International Network of Sport and Health Science. Szombathely, Hungary Physical activity effects on postural
More informationReliability of the Box and Block Test of Manual Dexterity for Use With Patients With Fibromyalgia
Brief Report Reliability of the Box and Block Test of Manual Dexterity for Use With Patients With Fibromyalgia Mark L. Canny, Jeffrey M. Thompson, Mikel J. Wheeler KEY WORDS disability evaluation fibromyalgia
More informationINTRODUCTION SUBJECTS AND METHODS
J Korean Med Sci 23; 18: 2-8 ISSN 111-8934 Copyright The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Normative Data and Developmental Characteristics of Hand Function for Elementary School Children in Suwon Area
More informationChapter 2--Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing
Chapter 2--Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing Student: 1. Statistical procedures that summarize and describe a series of observations are called A. inferential statistics. B. descriptive statistics.
More informationChapter 20: Test Administration and Interpretation
Chapter 20: Test Administration and Interpretation Thought Questions Why should a needs analysis consider both the individual and the demands of the sport? Should test scores be shared with a team, or
More informationDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 1
Original Article Ann Rehabil Med 2012; 36: 394-399 pissn: 2234-0645 eissn: 2234-0653 http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2012.36.3.394 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Reliability of the Pinch Strength with
More informationPart 8 Logistic Regression
1 Quantitative Methods for Health Research A Practical Interactive Guide to Epidemiology and Statistics Practical Course in Quantitative Data Handling SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
More informationRelationship between reaction time, mental processing speed and motor speed in individuals with mild to moderate brain injury
Relationship between reaction time, mental processing speed and motor speed in individuals with mild to moderate brain injury Kenneth NK FONG 1, PhD, Marko KL CHAN 2, BSc, Peggie PK NG 2, MSc 1 Department
More informationThe Criterion-Related Validity of the Ten Step Test Compared with Motor Reaction Time
Original Article The Criterion-Related Validity of the Ten Step Test Compared with Motor Reaction Time J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 20: 261 265, 2008 KENZO MIYAMOTO, RPT, MEd 1), HIDEAKI TAKEBAYASHI, RPT, MS 1),
More informationPEOPLE WITH TRAUMATIC spinal cord injury (SCI) can
632 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reliability of the Clinical Outcome Variables Scale When Administered Via Telephone to Assess Mobility in People With Spinal Cord Injury Ruth N. Barker, PhD, Delena I. Amsters, MPhyt,
More informationIt has been well established that brain-injured
335 Response Time of Stroke Patients to a Visual Stimulus Franceen Kaizer, BSc, Nicol Korner-Bitensky, MSc, Nancy Mayo, PhD, Rubin Becker, MDCM, FRCP, and Henry Coopersmith, BCL, MDCM, CCFP We used a computer
More informationComparison of functional training and strength training in improving knee extension lag after first four weeks of total knee replacement.
Biomedical Research 2017; 28 (12): 5623-5627 ISSN 0970-938X www.biomedres.info Comparison of functional training and strength training in improving knee extension lag after first four weeks of total knee
More informationPolymer Technology Systems, Inc. CardioChek PA Comparison Study
Polymer Technology Systems, Inc. CardioChek PA Comparison Study Evaluation Protocol: Accuracy Precision Clinical Correlation PTS Panels Lipid Panel Test Strips For Use in Comparisons to a Reference Laboratory
More informationThe Predictive Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance on School Age Motor Developmental Delay
Pacific University CommonKnowledge PT Critically Appraised Topics School of Physical Therapy 2012 The Predictive Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance on School Age Motor Developmental Delay
More information"Homegrown" Exercises around M&M Chapter 6-1- Help a journalist to be "statistically correct" age-related prevalence, and conflicting evidence exists in favor of the mortality hypothesis. We compared mortality
More informationFundamental motion outcomes - Steps / Strides
Fundamental motion outcomes - Steps / Strides We describe the close relationship between stride, cadence and velocity, as fundamental motion outcomes, in particular for the elderly. Stride (Length, Time,
More informationTRANSFER EFFECTS OF EYE-HAND CO-ORDINATION SKILLS FROM THE RIGHT TO THE LEFT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES IN SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLBOY RUGBY PLAYERS
African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD) Vol. 12, No. 1 (March) 2006, pp. 41-49. TRANSFER EFFECTS OF EYE-HAND CO-ORDINATION SKILLS FROM THE RIGHT TO THE LEFT CEREBRAL
More informationCentral Cord Syndrome: Does early surgical intervention improve neurological outcome
Central Cord Syndrome: Does early surgical intervention improve neurological outcome Ciara Stevenson, Jonathan Warnock, Suzanne Maguire, Niall Eames Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal
More informationAPPENDIX 11: CASE IDENTIFICATION STUDY CHARACTERISTICS AND RISK OF BIAS TABLES
APPENDIX 11: CASE IDENTIFICATION STUDY CHARACTERISTICS AND RISK OF BIAS TABLES 1 Study characteristics table... 3 2 Methodology checklist: the QUADAS-2 tool for studies of diagnostic test accuracy... 4
More informationLambros Messinis PhD. Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Patras Medical School
Lambros Messinis PhD Neuropsychology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Patras Medical School Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a modern day epidemic Age is a significant predictor of diabetes Males
More informationThe significance of sensory motor functions as indicators of brain dysfunction in children
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 18 (2003) 11 18 The significance of sensory motor functions as indicators of brain dysfunction in children Abstract Ralph M. Reitan, Deborah Wolfson Reitan Neuropsychology
More informationCumulated Ambulation Score to evaluate mobility is feasible in geriatric patients and in patients with hip fracture
Cumulated Ambulation Score to evaluate mobility is feasible in geriatric patients and in patients with hip fracture Morten Tange Kristensen 1, 2,Thomas Linding Jakobsen 3, 4, Jesper Westphal Nielsen 1,
More informationATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS
CHAPTER 5 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS J. AM. GERIATR. SOC. 2013;61(6):882 887 DOI: 10.1111/JGS.12261 61 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER,
More informationCity, University of London Institutional Repository
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Burmeister, E. and Aitken, L. M. (2012). Sample size: How many is enough?. Australian Critical Care, 25(4), pp. 271-274.
More informationLOTCA Assessment review. Georgina Wrack. University of the Sunshine Coast
Assessment review 1 LOTCA Assessment review Georgina Wrack University of the Sunshine Coast Assessment review 2 LOTCA Summary Page The Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) is a
More informationComputer based cognitive rehab solution
Computer based cognitive rehab solution Basic Approach to Cognitive Rehab RPAAEL ComCog approaches cognitive rehabilitation with sprial structure, so as to promotes relearning and retraining of damaged
More informationThe potential effect of a vibrotactile glove rehabilitation system on motor recovery in chronic post-stroke hemiparesis
Technology and Health Care 25 (2017) 1183 1187 1183 DOI 10.3233/THC-171001 IOS Press Technical Note The potential effect of a vibrotactile glove rehabilitation system on motor recovery in chronic post-stroke
More informationTasks of Executive Control TEC. Score Report. Developed by Peter K. Isquith, PhD, Robert M. Roth, PhD, Gerard A. Gioia, PhD, and PAR Staff
Tasks of Executive Control TEC Score Report Developed by Peter K. Isquith, PhD, Robert M. Roth, PhD, Gerard A. Gioia, PhD, and PAR Staff Client Information Client Name: Sample Client Client ID: Website
More informationThe EVEREST Study Dr. Robert Levy, MD, PhD
The EVEREST Study Safety and Effectiveness of Cortical Stimulation in the Treatment of Upper Extremity Hemiparesis Dr. Robert Levy, MD, PhD Departments of Neurosurgery and Physiology Feinberg School of
More informationFollow-up GISELA LILJA
Follow-up GISELA LILJA Outcome in the TTM 2 trial Primary outcome Survival Secondary outcome Overall social functioning Patient-reported health (quality of life) Tertiary outcome Detailed information on
More informationTitle. CitationAustralasian Journal on Ageing, 31(3): Issue Date Doc URL. Rights. Type. File Information
Title Randomised controlled pilot study in Japan comparing with a home visit with conversation alone Ukawa, Shigekazu; Yuasa, Motoyuki; Ikeno, Tamiko; Yo Author(s) Kishi, Reiko CitationAustralasian Journal
More informationProcess of a neuropsychological assessment
Test selection Process of a neuropsychological assessment Gather information Review of information provided by referrer and if possible review of medical records Interview with client and his/her relative
More informationUniversity of Manitoba - MPT: Neurological Clinical Skills Checklist
Name: Site: Assessment Skills Observed Performed Becoming A. Gross motor function i. Describe movement strategies (quality, devices, timeliness, independence): supine sidelying sit stand supine long sitting
More informationEffect of Static Stretching or Foam Rolling on Hamstrings Range of Motion and Strength
Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Research Papers Graduate School Summer 8-10-2017 Effect of Static Stretching or Foam Rolling on Hamstrings Range of Motion and Strength Grant Wiseman Southern
More informationCRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP)
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) Huseyinsinoglu, B. E., Ozdincler, A. R., & Krespi, Y. (2012). Bobath concept versus constraint-induced movement therapy to improve arm functional recovery in stroke patients:
More informationOn the road to a better life : A personal goal realization program for depressed older adults
On the road to a better life : A personal goal realization program for depressed older adults Prof. Dr. S. LAPIERRE M. Dubé, L. Marcoux, S. Desjardins, P. Miquelon, Department of psychology University
More informationSimple Linear Regression the model, estimation and testing
Simple Linear Regression the model, estimation and testing Lecture No. 05 Example 1 A production manager has compared the dexterity test scores of five assembly-line employees with their hourly productivity.
More informationResearch Article Predictions of the Length of Lumbar Puncture Needles
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Article ID 732694, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/732694 Research Article Predictions of the Length of Lumbar Puncture Needles Hon-Ping Ma, 1,2
More informationDESIGN TYPE AND LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I: Pilot randomized controlled trial. Limitations (appropriateness of study design):
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) FOCUSED QUESTION Does the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach increase clients performance on goals more than a standard occupational
More informationGrip strength is a representative measure of muscle weakness in the upper extremity after stroke
Grip strength is a representative measure of muscle weakness in the upper extremity after stroke Ekstrand, Elisabeth; Lexell, Jan; Brogårdh, Christina Published in: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation DOI:
More informationVibramoov NEUROREHABILITATION OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM THROUGH FUNCTIONAL PROPRIOCEPTIVE STIMULATION
Vibramoov NEUROREHABILITATION OF THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM THROUGH FUNCTIONAL PROPRIOCEPTIVE STIMULATION Principe of action BRAIN ACTIVATION VIBRAMOOV REVOLUTIONIZES FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT THERAPY One of the main
More informationDATA is derived either through. Self-Report Observation Measurement
Data Management DATA is derived either through Self-Report Observation Measurement QUESTION ANSWER DATA DATA may be from Structured or Unstructured questions? Quantitative or Qualitative? Numerical or
More informationSTATISTICS INFORMED DECISIONS USING DATA
STATISTICS INFORMED DECISIONS USING DATA Fifth Edition Chapter 4 Describing the Relation between Two Variables 4.1 Scatter Diagrams and Correlation Learning Objectives 1. Draw and interpret scatter diagrams
More informationInt J Physiother.Vol1 (2), 40-45, June (2014) ISSN:
Int J Physiother.Vol1 (2), 40-45, June (2014) ISSN: 2348-8336 Sandesh Rayamajhi 1 Dipika Khanal 2 Mallikarjunaiah H S 3 ABSTRACT Background: Stroke has been considered to be the most common cause of neurological
More informationConscious control of movements: increase of temporal precision in voluntarily delayed actions
Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 2001, 61: 175-179 Conscious control of movements: increase of temporal precision in voluntarily delayed actions El bieta Szel¹g 1, Krystyna Rymarczyk 1 and Ernst Pöppel 2 1 Department
More informationThe device for upper limb rehabilitation that supports patients during all the phases of neuromotor recovery A COMFORTABLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT GLOVE
SINFONIA The device for upper limb rehabilitation that supports patients during all the phases of neuromotor recovery A COMFORTABLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT GLOVE The key feature of Gloreha Sinfonia is a rehabilitation
More informationCRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP)
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) FOCUSED QUESTION For patients with acute cerebral vascular accident, is virtual reality gaming more effective than standard recreational therapy for the improvement of
More informationChapter V Depression and Women with Spinal Cord Injury
1 Chapter V Depression and Women with Spinal Cord Injury L ike all women with disabilities, women with spinal cord injury (SCI) may be at an elevated risk for depression due to the double jeopardy of being
More informationASSESSMENT OF DRIVING-RELATED SKILL (ADReS)
ASSESSMENT OF DRIVING-RELATED SKILL (ADReS) There are 3 key functions for safe driving: Vision, Cognition, and Motor Function. The ADReS assesses these 3 functions. As occupational therapists, we can perform
More informationThe Symbol-Digit Modalities Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from Parkinson s Disease Patients
Original Paper Received: September 14, 2017 Accepted: November 21, 2017 Published online: March 29, 2018 The Symbol-Digit Modalities Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from Parkinson s Disease
More informationPREDICTORS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH USING QUANTITATIVE MUSCLE TESTING FOR HAND MUSCLES IN YOUNG INDIAN ADULTS
The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy : Vol. XLII : No. 1 () PREDICTORS OF MUSCLE STRENGTH USING QUANTITATIVE MUSCLE TESTING FOR HAND MUSCLES IN YOUNG INDIAN ADULTS * Rasna Ratn, B.O.T., Co-Authors
More informationCHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY The selection of subjects, collection of data, selection of the test battery and test items, criterion measures, experimental design, the procedure and administration of the tests,
More informationThe device for upper limb rehabilitation that supports patients during all the phases of neuromotor recovery A COMFORTABLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT GLOVE
GLOREHA SINFONIA The device for upper limb rehabilitation that supports patients during all the phases of neuromotor recovery A COMFORTABLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT GLOVE The key feature of Gloreha Sinfonia is
More informationCRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP)
CRITICALLY APPRAISED PAPER (CAP) Friedman, N., Chan, V., Reinkensmeyer, A. N., Beroukhim, A., Zambrano, G. J., Bachman, M., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2014). Retraining and assessing hand movement after stroke
More informationObjectives. Definition: Screen. Definition: Assessment 10/30/2013. Falls: Screens vs. Assessments vs. Outcome Measures
Objectives Falls: Screens vs. Balance and Falls SIG: Neurology & Health Policy and Administration Sections of the APTA Jacqueline Osborne PT, DPT, GCS, CEEAA Geriatric Residency Coordinator Brooks Institute
More informationRecovery of function after stroke: principles of motor rehabilitation
Recovery of function after stroke: principles of motor rehabilitation Horst Hummelsheim NRZ Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum Leipzig Universität Leipzig Berlin, 13.11.2009 1 Target symptoms in motor
More informationPrism adaptation in Parkinson's disease
Reprinted from Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1988;51: 1584-1587 Copyright 1988 Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry All rights of reproduction of this reprint are reserved
More informationTHE EXECUTION OF FINE manipulative hand activities
794 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Skilled Hand Dexterity in Parkinson s Disease: Effects of Adding a Concurrent Task Elizabeth L. Proud, M Physio (Neuro), Meg E. Morris, PhD, FACP ABSTRACT. Proud EL, Morris ME. Skilled
More informationOn the empirical status of the matching law : Comment on McDowell (2013)
On the empirical status of the matching law : Comment on McDowell (2013) Pier-Olivier Caron To cite this version: Pier-Olivier Caron. On the empirical status of the matching law : Comment on McDowell (2013):
More informationOverview. Case #1 4/20/2012. Neuropsychological assessment of older adults: what, when and why?
Neuropsychological assessment of older adults: what, when and why? Benjamin Mast, Ph.D. Associate Professor & Vice Chair, Psychological & Brain Sciences Associate Clinical Professor, Family & Geriatric
More informationWater immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability
Water immersion modulates sensory and motor cortical excitability Daisuke Sato, PhD Department of Health and Sports Niigata University of Health and Welfare Topics Neurophysiological changes during water
More informationIntramachine and intermachine reproducibility of concentric performance: A study of the Con-Trex MJ and the Cybex Norm dynamometers
Isokinetics and Exercise Science 12 (4) 91 97 91 IOS Press Intramachine and intermachine reproducibility of concentric performance: A study of the Con-Trex MJ and the Cybex Norm dynamometers C. Bardis
More informationExpert System-Based Post-Stroke Robotic Rehabilitation for Hemiparetic Arm
Expert System-Based Post-Stroke Robotic Rehabilitation for Hemiparetic Arm Pradeep Natarajan Department of EECS University of Kansas Outline 2 Introduction Stroke Rehabilitation Robotics Expert Systems
More informationScholars Research Library. Comparisons of berg balance scale following core stabilization training in women elderly
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Annals of Biological Research, 2012, 3 (3):1499-1504 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW Comparisons
More information