STUDY GUIDE FOR PERSONAL HEALTH & MANAGEMENT ESSENTIAL UNIT 4 (E04) and SELECTIVE UNIT 1 (S01) (Human Development & Infectious Diseases)

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1 Name: STUDY GUIDE FOR PERSONAL HEALTH & MANAGEMENT ESSENTIAL UNIT 4 (E04) and SELECTIVE UNIT 1 (S01) (Human Development & Infectious Diseases) Chapter 16 Section 1 Pages Section 2 Pages Chapter 18 Section 1 Pages Section 2 Pages Section 3 Pages Chapter 13 Section 1 Pages Section 2 Pages Section 4 Pages Chapter 20 Section 1 Pages Section 2 Pages Section 3 Pages Chapter 21 Section 1 Pages Section 2 Pages Section 3 Pages Unit Statement: In these units the student will focus on human development over the lifespan, beginning with reproduction and ending with death. Included in physical development is the mental, social, and emotional development at each stage of life. Students will also examine communicable diseases their transmission, prevention, control, and the pathogens that cause them.

2 Essential Outcomes: (must be assessed) 1. The Student Will identify and explain the function of the following structures of the female and male reproductive systems: (pages ) urethra - penis - testes - scrotum - vas deferens - prostate gland - seminal vesicles - epididymis - semen -

3 vagina - urethra - clitoris - ovaries - fallopian tubes - uterus - cervix -

4 2. The Student Will explain how the menstrual cycle works, the hormones involved, and its role in conception. (pgs ) Phase Phase Phase Phase the lining thickens to support a potential egg implant. The develops the hormone peaks the is released the hormones ( ) and ( ) are released. This happens around day of the menstrual cycle. the hormones and increase in order to thicken the lining to get ready for the implanting of a fertilized egg. _ and decrease the lining of the uterus breaks down, causing a discharge of blood ( ) usually lasts - days. This phase only occurs if does not happen. The average menstrual cycle lasts days.

5 3. The Student Will analyze the trimesters of pregnancy and the major developmental events that occur during each one. (pgs ) Trimester 1 Trimester 2 Trimester 3 (12 weeks long) (15 weeks long) (11-13 weeks long) of embryo on uterine wall and begin to develop develops into that has and,,,, and are formed systems continue to develop can be recognized fetus can develops forms,, and may be able to survive with medical support if born early fetus brain can with hand builds up develops 4. The Student Will describe childhood development from infancy to adolescence. (pg 450) 5. The Student Will explain the physical and hormonal changes that occur during adolescence in males and females. (pgs )

6 6. The Student Will compare and contrast the mental and emotional state of a person before and during puberty. (pgs ) 7. The Student Will describe how relationships with parents, peers, and society change during adolescence. (pgs ) 8. The Student Will analyze the three stages of adulthood with the physical, mental and emotional, and social changes that occur during each stage. (pgs ) Infancy (0-2 years) Early Childhood (2-6 years) Late Childhood (6-12 years) babies developing rapidly object permanence develops separation anxiety develops develops speech has ability to pretend development think logically about concrete objects understand conversations Adolescence (12-21 years) physical changes include: (sex hormones begin to be released) In girls, the hormones and cause: hair on enlarge and widen start In boys, the hormone causes: hair on deepens broaden and enlarge mental and emotional changes include: think more and

7 reason more compare make, decisions view from other perspectives _ can get hurt easier can feel,, and desire to become more trying to form conflicting learning to control and social changes include: increased from parents and self changing with friensd and parents evaluating to see if they are healthy increased first opportunity learning about Young Adulthood (21-35 years) physical changes include: slows down mental and emotional changes include: sense of from family relate to on adult level think more make,, choices clearer sense of social changes include: OR Financial changes: financial (responsible for earning and spending own money) ability to choose Wellness: #1 cause of death is developing life patterns

8 Middle Adulthood (ages 35-65) Older Adulthood (ages 65 and older) Physical changes : and diminish women begin (50-55 yrs) decrease mental and emotional changes include: accept (friends/loved ones dying) evaluate from children, job, and healthy relationships may have (40 s) social changes include: clearer positively focus on and take on Financial changes: more because people depend on them can be more Wellness: #1 cause of death is, followed by feel the effects of Physical changes : and continue to diminish not as good at recovering from from youth take effect mental and emotional changes include: emotionally know the meaning of more prone to,, social changes include: look forward to Financial changes: hard to plan financially because of additional expenses Wellness: #1 cause of death is, followed by

9 9. The Student Will analyze the ways a person can maintain wellness throughout life. ( ) During childhood - During adolescence - During young adulthood - During middle adulthood - During older adulthood - S01 #1 - The Student Will define infectious disease and pathogen. An INFECTIOUS DISEASE is: A PATHOGEN is: S01 #2 - The Student Will classify the ways infectious diseases are spread as through direct or indirect contact. (pgs ) Infectious diseases can be spread in four main ways:

10 S01 #3 - The Student Will describe behaviors that prevent the spread of disease. (pgs ) Behaviors that prevent the spread of disease include: S01 #4 - The Student Will explain how a vaccine protects the body from disease and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines. (pg 325) Vaccines protect the body from diseases by introducing the to the pathogen in small quantities so that the body can make (memory cells) which create to fight against the pathogen in the future. S01 #5 - The Student Will explain how the immune system protects the body from disease. (pg 324) The immune system is made up of and proteins called. These cells move through your blood vessels and the system. The lymph nodes are filled with which defend the body against disease. The white blood cells produce that attach to pathogens and help destroy them.

11 S01 #6 - The Student Will distinguish between bacteria and viruses. S01 #7 - The Student Will describe the effects and treatment of common bacterial and viral diseases. (pgs , ) Examples Causes Treatment Bacterial Infections organisms most are some are some cause sickness by some cause sickness by can kill or slow the growth Viral Infections made of and a coat only inside take control of the and force it to cannot be treated with medicine can and stop S01 #8 - The Student Will distinguish between HIV and AIDS, and describe how they are transmitted and prevented. (pg 496, 503) HIV is AIDS is HIV/AIDS is transmitted by:

12 S01 #9 - The Student Will identify and describe common STDs, including their transmission and prevention. (pgs 482, ) STD NAME SYMPTOMS IF UNTREATED, CAN CAUSE Chalmydia Pelvic Inflammatory Disorder (PID) Gonorrhea Syphilis Human Papaloma Virus (HPV)

13 Genital Herpes Hepatitis Human Immuno- Deficiency Virus (HIV) Pubic Lice Scabies Trichomoniasis

14 STDs are transmitted by : STDs can be prevented by : Have you and your partner tested for STD s before engaging in sexual activity