Patterns of Heredity - Genetics - Sections: 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, & 11.3

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Patterns of Heredity - Genetics - Sections: 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, & 11.3"

Transcription

1 Patterns of Heredity - Genetics - Sections: 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, & 11.3

2 Genetics = the study of heredity by which traits are passed from parents to offspring Page. 227

3 Heredity = The passing of genes/traits from parents to offspring Many of your traits, including eye color, shape of your eyes, texture of your hair, height, weight, resemble those of your parents!

4 How are traits passed on?.. CHROMOSOMES!

5 Let s review the structure of a chromosome... A pair of chromosomes are considered homologous (homo meaning same) Homologous chromosomes have the same size, structure, and genetic information (genes).

6 What is a gene? A unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and codes for a particular protein. It consists of a specific nucleotide sequence

7 Alleles Alternative forms of a gene that occupy corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.

8 Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes We have 23 pairs of chromosomes 1 pair are known as the sex chromosomes, which determines the sex of the offspring (and has other important genetic information too!) Males = XY Females = XX

9 Think - Pair - Share 1. Does the mother or the father determine the gender of the child? 2. What do you call this set up to the right?

10 The History of Gregor Mendel Austrian Monk Czech Bred different varieties of garden pea. First to develop rules that accurately predict patterns of heredity. Determined specific units of inheritance = genes and alleles Page

11 Pollination - transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma in flowers Two types: 1. Self pollination occurs within the same flower or same plant 2. Cross pollination occurs between two different

12 Why are pea plants a great subject to use when studying heredity? 1. Several traits exist in two clear different forms. Ex: Flower color was either purple OR white 2. The male and female reproductive parts are enclosed within the same flower. It is easy to control mating by allowing a flower to fertilize itself (self fertilization), or you can transfer pollen to another flower (cross pollination). 3. The garden pea is small, grows easily, matures quickly, and produces many offspring. Results can be obtained quickly with many offspring.

13 Steps in Mendel s research 1. Allowed each garden pea to self-pollinate for several generations to ensure true-breeding for that particular trait. P Generation = parental generation 2. Mendel then cross-pollinated two P generation plants that had different forms of the trait (purple and white flower). The offspring from that were called the F1 generation. F 1 Generation = Filial generation (of son or daughter) 3. Allowed the F1 generation to self-pollinate and those offspring are called the F2 generation. F2 Generation = Filial generation 2

14

15 Mendel s Crosses with Pea Plants P1 parental generation Pure tall plants X Cross F first filial generation Pure short plants Pollination All Tall plants Self Pollination 1 F 2 second filial generation 787 tall plants, 277 short plants 3 to 1 ratio

16 Ratio of Mendel s Research P Generation had a true-breeding purple and white flower The F1 generation consisted of ALL purple flowers The F2 generation had 705 purple flowers and 224 white flowers. That is a ratio of about 3:1 or 3/1 He found that ratio for all of the traits

17

18 Color and texture

19 Mendel s 3 Principles of Inheritance 1) The Law of Segregation: Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele from each parent. 2) The Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one trait is not dependent on the inheritance of another. 3) The Law of Dominance: An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant.

20 Mendel s 3 Principles of Inheritance (Laws) 1. The Law of Dominance: An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant. If an organism has at least 1 dominant allele, that trait will be expressed! Dd

21 2. The Law of Segregation: The two alleles for a trait segregate into gametes during meiosis

22 3. Law of independent assortment alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation.

23 Phenotype vs. Genotype Genotype: The set of alleles that an individual has (not always obvious) phenotype: the physical appearance of a trait

24 Heterozygous vs. Homozygous Different alleles present Two of the same alleles Ex: BB or bb Ex: Bb Homozygous recessive or homozygous dominant

25

26 Recessive vs. Dominant Recessive: The trait not expressed when the dominant form of the trait is present Dominant: The expressed form of the trait when present (even if it is just 1 allele)

27 Example: In dogs, black fur is dominant over white fur color. B = black b = white BB or Bb bb

28 DO NOW If Chris Hemsworth s phenotype is blonde hair (H=Black, h=blonde) 1. What his genotype? 2. Would his alleles be homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous? Beyonce s phenotype is brown hair. 1. What is her genotype? 2. Would her alleles be homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous What are the chances their offspring would have brown hair? Create a punnett square?

29 Punnett Square A diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes in the cross. Crossing only 1 trait is called a monohybrid cross. Crossing 2 traits is called a dihybrid cross.

30 1. Phenotypic Ratio and %: 2. Genotypic Ratio :

31 1. Phenotypic Ratio and %: 2. Genotypic Ratio :

32 1. Phenotypic Ratio and %: 2. Genotypic Ratio :

33 Probability Probability calculations can predict the results of genetic crosses. It is the likelihood that a specific event will occur. = number of one kind of possible outcome Total number of all possible outcomes Example: If you flip a coin, you will have 1 outcome, but two possible outcomes. Your answer would be ½.

34 How do you write a ratio? When flipping a coin and it lands on tails ½ or 1:2 Genotypic ratio: What is genetically written. Phenotypic ratio: what physical traits you would see

35 Relate probability to a Punnett Square 1. What is the phenotypic ratio? 2. What is phenotypic %?

36

37 Test Cross In a test cross, an individual whose phenotype is dominant, but whose genotype is not known, is crossed with a homozygous individual. Ex: Brown eyes are brown, but can be BB or Bb. To find out if the person with brown eyes is homozygous or heterozygous, you cross it with a recessive person's genotype and the outcome will tell you depending on the ratio

38 Spongebob squarepants doesn t know whether or not he is Homozygous Dominant or Heterozygous for his yellow color. The recessive trait is a white sponge. Let s say that we perform a test cross on spongebob (spongebob + a white female sponge) and all of the baby sponges are yellow. What would spongebob s genotype be?

39 Pedigree - a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations.

40 You can see how a genetic disorder runs in a family. Carriers are individuals who are heterozygous for an inherited disorder but do not show symptoms. Carriers can pass the allele for the disorder to their offspring

41

42

43

44 DO NOW Fill in possible genotypes!

45 Types of Inheritance

46

47 Incomplete dominance a trait that is intermediate between two parents

48 Codominance Neither trait is dominant instead, both traits are shown (No Blending) Ex) Roan Cows Red + White = RED AND WHITE

49 Codominance two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time.

50 Determine Blood Type Determine the possible offspring of the following crosses below 1. AB and O 2. AA and BO 3. AB and AB

51 Multiple alleles genes with 3 or more alleles

52 Polygenic Traits several genes influence a trait A wide range of variability! Genes can be located on different chromosomes

53 Sex-Linked Traits Red-green colorblindness Male Pattern Baldness Hemophilia Compare: Male : XhY X HY Female: XHXH X HX h X hx h

54 Autosomal vs. Sex-Linked

55 What do you see?

56

57 Pleiotropy The single gene controlling or influencing multiple, possibly unrelated, phenotypic traits. Ex: albinism

58 Polyploidy Occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism. Ex. A triploid organism (3n) - means that it has three complete sets of chromosomes.

59 Gene Linkage When two genes are close to each other on the same chromosome and tend to be passed on together There are several genes on a chromosome

60 Gene Linkage cont... Linked genes usually do not segregate independently because they are so close together on a chromosome.

61 Traits can be influenced by the environment! Hydrangea Flowers: When in acidic soil, they bloom blue flowers When in basic soil, they will bloom pink flowers Arctic Fox Enzymes will make pigments during a certain time of the year.

62 Genetic Disorders Sickle Cell Anemia Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Hemophilia Tay- Sachs Disease Huntington s Disease (HD) Hypercholesterolemia In Groups, you will research a specific disease and present it to the class.

63 Sickle Cell Anemia - Red blood cells are c-shaped or sickled. This disease lacks the correct amount of hemoglobin. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) - A thick mucus is constantly created in the lungs and intestinal tract. It is a recessive disorder. Hemophilia - Specific protein for blood clotting is not created, thus making it very hard to stop cuts. Bruising and internal bleeding occur. SEX LINKED! Tay- Sachs Disease - Breaks down nerve cells, brain cells, and deteriorate the spinal cord. A recessive disorder. Huntington s Disease (HD) - Symptoms appear later in life and is a dominant disorder. Movement and cognitive ability is impaired.

64 Treating Genetic Disorders Most genetic disorders cannot be cured, although progress is being made. Families who have a history of genetic disorders are recommended to undergo counseling before having a child. They can find out how it could affect their offspring. Some genetic disorders can be treated if diagnosed early enough, such as PKU (lacking a certain enzyme). If known, that child can be put on a certain diet and medicine routine.

65 Gene Therapy May soon allow scientists to correct certain recessive genetic disorders by replacing defective genes with copies of a healthy one. First step of gene therapy is to isolate a copy of the gene. Scientists are trying to input that gene into the cell by attaching it to a cold virus. Attempts in humans have not been successful. However, the outlook is promising.

66 What is genetic mapping? Genetic mapping - also called linkage mapping - can offer firm evidence that a disease transmitted from parent to child is linked to one or more genes. It also provides clues about which chromosome contains the gene and precisely where it lies on that chromosome. Genetic maps have been used successfully to find the single gene responsible for relatively rare inherited disorders, like cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. Maps have also become useful in guiding scientists to the many genes that are believed to interact to bring about more common disorders, such as asthma, heart disease, diabetes, cancer and psychiatric conditions.

Patterns of Heredity Genetics

Patterns of Heredity Genetics Patterns of Heredity Genetics DO NOW Hand in outlines (my desk) Pick up tests from back table and review them. We will be going over the zipgrade and the short answer together. Save your questions for

More information

GENETICS PREDICTING HEREDITY

GENETICS PREDICTING HEREDITY GENETICS PREDICTING HEREDITY INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS Genetics is the scientific study of heredity Heredity is essentially the study of how traits are passed from parents to their offspring. GREGOR MENDEL

More information

Unit 7 Section 2 and 3

Unit 7 Section 2 and 3 Unit 7 Section 2 and 3 Evidence 12: Do you think food preferences are passed down from Parents to children, or does the environment play a role? Explain your answer. One of the most important outcomes

More information

Genes and Inheritance (11-12)

Genes and Inheritance (11-12) Genes and Inheritance (11-12) You are a unique combination of your two parents We all have two copies of each gene (one maternal and one paternal) Gametes produced via meiosis contain only one copy of

More information

Biology Unit 7 Genetics 7:1 Genetics

Biology Unit 7 Genetics 7:1 Genetics Biology Unit 7 Genetics 7:1 Genetics Gregor Mendel: Austrian monk Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants His work was not recognized until the 20 th century Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated

More information

Genetics- The field of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from one generation to another.

Genetics- The field of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from one generation to another. Genetics- The field of biology that studies how characteristics are passed from one generation to another. Heredity- The passage of traits from one generation to the next. Characteristics- a quality of

More information

Mendelian Genetics. KEY CONCEPT Mendel s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units.

Mendelian Genetics. KEY CONCEPT Mendel s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units. KEY CONCEPT Mendel s research showed that traits are inherited as discrete units. Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics. Traits are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited. Genetics is the

More information

Pre-AP Biology Unit 7 Genetics Review Outline

Pre-AP Biology Unit 7 Genetics Review Outline Unit 7 Genetics Review Outline Pre-AP Biology 2017-2018 LT 1 - I can explain the relationships among alleles, genes, chromosomes, genotypes, and phenotypes. This target covers application of the vocabulary

More information

Semester 2- Unit 2: Inheritance

Semester 2- Unit 2: Inheritance Semester 2- Unit 2: Inheritance heredity -characteristics passed from parent to offspring genetics -the scientific study of heredity trait - a specific characteristic of an individual genes -factors passed

More information

You are who you are because of a combination of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism.

You are who you are because of a combination of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. Unit 6 Genetics 6.1 Genetics You are who you are because of a combination of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. HEREDITY: traits that are passed from parents

More information

Genetics. The study of heredity. Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel (mid 1800 s) Developed set of laws that explain how heredity works

Genetics. The study of heredity. Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel (mid 1800 s) Developed set of laws that explain how heredity works Genetics The study of heredity Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel (mid 1800 s) Developed set of laws that explain how heredity works Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel original pea plant (input) offspring

More information

Genetics & Heredity 11/16/2017

Genetics & Heredity 11/16/2017 Genetics & Heredity Biology I Turner College & Career High School 2017 Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and a sperm. Purebred (True breeding plants) are plants that were allowed to selfpollinate and

More information

UNIT 6 GENETICS 12/30/16

UNIT 6 GENETICS 12/30/16 12/30/16 UNIT 6 GENETICS III. Mendel and Heredity (6.3) A. Mendel laid the groundwork for genetics 1. Traits are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited. 2. Genetics is the study of biological

More information

Patterns of Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance Patterns of Inheritance Mendel the monk studied inheritance keys to his success: he picked pea plants he focused on easily categorized traits he used true-breeding populations parents always produced offspring

More information

Meiotic Mistakes and Abnormalities Learning Outcomes

Meiotic Mistakes and Abnormalities Learning Outcomes Meiotic Mistakes and Abnormalities Learning Outcomes 5.6 Explain how nondisjunction can result in whole chromosomal abnormalities. (Module 5.10) 5.7 Describe the inheritance patterns for strict dominant

More information

Chapter 17 Genetics Crosses:

Chapter 17 Genetics Crosses: Chapter 17 Genetics Crosses: 2.5 Genetics Objectives 2.5.6 Genetic Inheritance 2.5.10.H Origin of the Science of genetics 2.5.11 H Law of segregation 2.5.12 H Law of independent assortment 2.5.13.H Dihybrid

More information

Introduction to Genetics and Heredity

Introduction to Genetics and Heredity Introduction to Genetics and Heredity Although these dogs have similar characteristics they are each unique! I. Early Ideas About Heredity A. The Theory of Blending Inheritance Each parent contributes

More information

draw and interpret pedigree charts from data on human single allele and multiple allele inheritance patterns; e.g., hemophilia, blood types

draw and interpret pedigree charts from data on human single allele and multiple allele inheritance patterns; e.g., hemophilia, blood types Specific Outcomes for Knowledge Students will: 30 C2.1k describe the evidence for dominance, segregation and the independent assortment of genes on different chromosomes, as investigated by Mendel 30 C2.2k

More information

Labrador Coat Color Similar to coat color in mice: Black lab is BxEx Yellow lab is xxee Chocolate lab is bbex Probable pathway:

Labrador Coat Color Similar to coat color in mice: Black lab is BxEx Yellow lab is xxee Chocolate lab is bbex Probable pathway: Honors Genetics 1. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) German monk at the Augustine Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno (today in the Czech Republic). He was a gardener, teacher and priest. Mendel conducted experiments

More information

Extra Review Practice Biology Test Genetics

Extra Review Practice Biology Test Genetics Mendel fill in the blanks: Extra Review Practice Biology Test Genetics Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied genetics primarily using plants. He started with plants that produced offspring with only

More information

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12 Mendel and Heredity Chapter 12 Objectives: 1.) Differentiate between genotype and phenotype 2.)Differentiate between genes and alleles. 3.) Differentiate between dominant and recessive alleles. 4.) Explain

More information

The passing of traits from parents to offspring. The scientific study of the inheritance

The passing of traits from parents to offspring. The scientific study of the inheritance Inheritance The passing of traits from parents to offspring Genetics The scientific study of the inheritance Gregor Mendel -Father of modern genetics -Used peas to successfully identify the laws of heredity

More information

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12

Mendel and Heredity. Chapter 12 Mendel and Heredity Chapter 12 12.1 Objectives: 1.) summarize the importance of Mendel s experiments 2.)Differentiate between genes and alleles. 3.) Explain that alleles determine what physical traits

More information

Section 1 MENDEL S LEGACY

Section 1 MENDEL S LEGACY Chapter 9 Genetics Section 1 MENDEL S LEGACY Genetics is the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring Genetics was founded with the work of

More information

Mendel explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele.

Mendel explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele. Section 2: Mendel explained how a dominant allele can mask the presence of a recessive allele. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What is the significance of Mendel

More information

Objectives. ! Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the science of genetics. ! Explain the Law of Segregation.

Objectives. ! Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the science of genetics. ! Explain the Law of Segregation. Objectives! Describe the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the science of genetics.! Explain the Law of Segregation.! Explain the Law of Independent Assortment.! Explain the concept of dominance.! Define

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel. AP Biology

Genetics & The Work of Mendel. AP Biology Genetics & The Work of Mendel Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas u used experimental method u used

More information

Mendelian Genetics. Biology 3201 Unit 3

Mendelian Genetics. Biology 3201 Unit 3 Mendelian Genetics Biology 3201 Unit 3 Recall: Terms Genetics is a branch of biology dealing with the principles of variation and inheritance in animals and plants. Heredity the passing of traits from

More information

Unit 5: Genetics Guided Notes

Unit 5: Genetics Guided Notes 1 Unit 5: Genetics Guided Notes Basic Mendelian Genetics Before Gregor Mendel 1) When Mendel started his work, most people believed in the blending theory of inheritance. (Inheritance, Heredity, and Genetics

More information

UNIT III (Notes) : Genetics : Mendelian. (MHR Biology p ) Traits are distinguishing characteristics that make a unique individual.

UNIT III (Notes) : Genetics : Mendelian. (MHR Biology p ) Traits are distinguishing characteristics that make a unique individual. 1 UNIT III (Notes) : Genetics : endelian. (HR Biology p. 526-543) Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to another. Traits that are passed on are said to be inherited. Genetics is

More information

Inheritance. What is inheritance? What are genetics? l The genetic characters transmitted from parent to offspring, taken collectively

Inheritance. What is inheritance? What are genetics? l The genetic characters transmitted from parent to offspring, taken collectively Genetics Interest Grabber Look at your classmates. Note how they vary in the shape of the front hairline, the space between the two upper front teeth, and the way in which the ear lobes are attached. Make

More information

Chapter 11 introduction to genetics 11.1 The work of Gregor mendel

Chapter 11 introduction to genetics 11.1 The work of Gregor mendel Chapter 11 introduction to genetics 11.1 The work of Gregor mendel What is inheritance? Two uses of the word inheritance Things that are passed down through generations Factors we get from our parents

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics Introduction to Genetics Remember DNA RNA Protein Traits DNA contains the code for proteins (protein synthesis remember?) Proteins determine our traits Gregor Mendel 1822-1884 Father of Genetics Studied

More information

Genetics and Heredity

Genetics and Heredity Genetics and Heredity History Genetics is the study of genes. Inheritance is how traits, or characteristics, are passed on from generation to generation. Chromosomes are made up of genes, which are made

More information

Mendelian Genetics. Vocabulary. M o l e c u l a r a n d M e n d e l i a n G e n e t i c s

Mendelian Genetics. Vocabulary. M o l e c u l a r a n d M e n d e l i a n G e n e t i c s Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary Genotype: o Capital letter = allele o Lowercase letter = allele o Ex AA, Aa, aa Phenotype: o Ex green, yellow Homozygous: o Homozygous dominant: o Homozygous recessive: Heterozygous:

More information

Fundamentals of Genetics

Fundamentals of Genetics Fundamentals of Genetics Genetics- the science of heredity. Gregor Johann Mendel- Father of Genetics 5/19/14 mendelian genetics3 1 1. Heredity -the passing of traits from parents to offspring a. Gregor

More information

Patterns in Inheritance. Chapter 10

Patterns in Inheritance. Chapter 10 Patterns in Inheritance Chapter 10 What you absolutely need to know Punnett Square with monohybrid and dihybrid cross Heterozygous, homozygous, alleles, locus, gene Test cross, P, F1, F2 Mendel and his

More information

Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics

Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Genetics and Mendel Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel First person to trace characteristics of living things Augustinian Monk Lived and worked in an Austrian monastery in the mid-1800s Parents

More information

Genes and Inheritance

Genes and Inheritance Genes and Inheritance Variation Causes of Variation Variation No two people are exactly the same The differences between people is called VARIATION. This variation comes from two sources: Genetic cause

More information

Genetics and Heredity Notes

Genetics and Heredity Notes Genetics and Heredity Notes I. Introduction A. It was known for 1000s of years that traits were inherited but scientists were unsure about the laws that governed this inheritance. B. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

More information

Name Period. Keystone Vocabulary: genetics fertilization trait hybrid gene allele Principle of dominance segregation gamete probability

Name Period. Keystone Vocabulary: genetics fertilization trait hybrid gene allele Principle of dominance segregation gamete probability Name Period BIO B2 GENETICS (Chapter 11) You should be able to: 1. Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (dominant, recessive, co- dominant, incomplete dominance, sex- linked, polygenic

More information

Genetics. *** Reading Packet

Genetics. *** Reading Packet Genetics *** Reading Packet 5.4 Mendel and His Peas Learning Objectives Describe Mendel's first genetics experiments. Introduction Why do you look like your family? For a long time people understood that

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel

Genetics & The Work of Mendel Genetics & The Work of Mendel 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics DAY 2 Introduction to Genetics Heredity Passing of traits from parents to their young The branch of biology that studies heredity is genetics. Trait Characteristic that is inherited Gregor Mendel Austrian

More information

Name Class Date. Review Guide. Genetics. The fundamental principles of genetics were first discovered by. What type of plant did he breed?.

Name Class Date. Review Guide. Genetics. The fundamental principles of genetics were first discovered by. What type of plant did he breed?. Name Class Date Review Guide Genetics The fundamental principles of genetics were first discovered by. What type of plant did he breed?. True-breeding parental plants are called the generation. Their hybrid

More information

Gregor Mendel. What is Genetics? the study of heredity

Gregor Mendel. What is Genetics? the study of heredity Gregor Mendel What is Genetics? the study of heredity Gregor Mendel s Peas Pollen: plant s sperm Egg Cells: plants reproductive cells Fertilization: joining of pollen + egg cells develops into embryo in

More information

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 6 Patterns of Inheritance

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 6 Patterns of Inheritance Chapter 6 Patterns of Inheritance Genetics Explains and Predicts Inheritance Patterns Genetics can explain how these poodles look different. Section 10.1 Genetics Explains and Predicts Inheritance Patterns

More information

Genetics, Mendel and Units of Heredity

Genetics, Mendel and Units of Heredity Genetics, Mendel and Units of Heredity ¾ Austrian monk and naturalist. ¾ Conducted research in Brno, Czech Republic from 1856-1863 ¾ Curious about how traits were passed from parents to offspring. Gregor

More information

Mendelian Genetics. You are who you are due to the interaction of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism.

Mendelian Genetics. You are who you are due to the interaction of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. Heredity Chapter 3 3:1 Genetics Mendelian Genetics You are who you are due to the interaction of HEREDITY and ENVIRONMENT. ENVIRONMENT: all outside forces that act on an organism. HEREDITY: traits that

More information

OCTOBER 21 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity

OCTOBER 21 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity OCTOBER 21 Unit 5 Heredity 1. What is Heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. Agenda 1. Warm-up 2. Mendlian Notes pg 5-6 3. Lets Practice

More information

Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics Introduction to Genetics Remember DNA RNA Protein Traits DNA contains the code for proteins (protein synthesis remember?) Proteins determine our traits Remember Gregor Mendel 1822-1884 Father of Genetics

More information

Unit 3. Intro. Genetics The branch of biology that deals with variation (differences) and inheritance. Genetics. Sep 6 5:24 PM.

Unit 3. Intro. Genetics The branch of biology that deals with variation (differences) and inheritance. Genetics. Sep 6 5:24 PM. Unit 3.notebook June 03, 2014 Unit 3 Genetics Sep 6 5:24 PM Intro Genetics The branch of biology that deals with variation (differences) and inheritance. Feb 27 1:30 PM Intro Heredity The passing of genetic

More information

Patterns of Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance 1 Patterns of Inheritance Bio 103 Lecture Dr. Largen 2 Topics Mendel s Principles Variations on Mendel s Principles Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes 3 Experimental

More information

Genetics and heredity. For a long time, general ideas of inheritance were known + =

Genetics and heredity. For a long time, general ideas of inheritance were known + = Mendelian Genetics Genetics and heredity For a long time, general ideas of inheritance were known + = + = What was really lacking was a quantitative understanding of how particular traits were passed down

More information

Semester 2- Unit 2: Inheritance

Semester 2- Unit 2: Inheritance Semester 2- Unit 2: Inheritance heredity -characteristics passed from parent to offspring genetics -the scientific study of heredity trait - a specific characteristic of an individual genes -factors passed

More information

MENDELIAN GENETICS. Law of Dominance: Law of Segregation: GAMETE FORMATION Parents and Possible Gametes: Gregory Mendel:

MENDELIAN GENETICS. Law of Dominance: Law of Segregation: GAMETE FORMATION Parents and Possible Gametes: Gregory Mendel: MENDELIAN GENETICS Gregory Mendel: Heredity: Cross: X P1 Generation: F1 Generation: F2 Generation: Gametes: Dominant: Recessive: Genotype: Phenotype: Law of Dominance: Genes: Alleles: Law of Segregation:

More information

Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts

Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts Mendelian Genetics and Beyond Chapter 4 Study Prompts 1. What is a mode of inheritance? 2. Can you define the following? a. Autosomal dominant b. Autosomal recessive 3. Who was Gregor Mendel? 4. What did

More information

Writing the Rules of Heredity. 23. Genetics I

Writing the Rules of Heredity. 23. Genetics I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Describe the general aspects of Mendel s experimental method, and explain why his work is considered so important. Define the following terms: gene, F 1 generation, F 2 generation,

More information

1/9/2014. Introduction to Genetics. The Work of Gregor Mendel THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL. Some Definitions:

1/9/2014. Introduction to Genetics. The Work of Gregor Mendel THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL. Some Definitions: Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11 Chapter 11 Section 1 THE WORK OF GREGOR MENDEL The Work of Gregor Mendel Some Definitions: Genetics the study of biological inheritance and variation Chromosomes hereditary

More information

Genetics & The Work of Mendel

Genetics & The Work of Mendel Genetics & The Work of Mendel 2006-2007 Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid-1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas used experimental method

More information

GENETICS NOTES. Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 16

GENETICS NOTES. Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 16 GENETICS NOTES Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15 16 DNA contains the genetic code for the production of PROTEINS. A gene is a segment of DNA, which consists of enough bases to code for many different proteins. The

More information

Name Class Date *PACKET NOTES & WORKSHEETS LAB GRADE

Name Class Date *PACKET NOTES & WORKSHEETS LAB GRADE Name Class Date *PACKET NOTES & WORKSHEETS LAB GRADE MEIOSIS is specialized cell division resulting in cells with the genetic material of the parents Sex cells called have exactly set of chromosomes, this

More information

Chapter 11. Introduction to Genetics

Chapter 11. Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics A Brief History In the past, people did not understand how traits were inherited, but there were many guesses based on things that could be observed. Two theories emerged.

More information

Mendel s Law of Heredity. Page 254

Mendel s Law of Heredity. Page 254 Mendel s Law of Heredity Page 254 Define pollination The transfer of pollen grains from a male reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant is called pollination. Define cross pollination.

More information

When Mendel crossed 2 plants that were different in a single trait, he called that a monohybrid cross. The resulting offspring were called the F1

When Mendel crossed 2 plants that were different in a single trait, he called that a monohybrid cross. The resulting offspring were called the F1 Genetics Gregor Mendel The father of Genetics Genetics- the study of heredity Heredity- the passing of characteristics or traits from parents to offspring Mendel chose pea plants to research. Pea plants

More information

Essential Questions. Basic Patterns of Human Inheritance. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education

Essential Questions. Basic Patterns of Human Inheritance. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Essential Questions How can genetic patterns be analyzed to determine dominant or recessive inheritance patterns? What are examples of dominant and recessive disorders? How can human pedigrees be constructed

More information

Question 2: Which one of the following is the phenotypic monohybrid ratio in F2 generation? (a) 3:1 (b) 1:2:1 (c) 2:2 (d) 1:3 Solution 2: (a) 3 : 1

Question 2: Which one of the following is the phenotypic monohybrid ratio in F2 generation? (a) 3:1 (b) 1:2:1 (c) 2:2 (d) 1:3 Solution 2: (a) 3 : 1 Class X Genetics Biology A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE: (Select the most appropriate option) Which one of the following has the smallest number of chromosomes? (a) Onion (b) Mouse (c) Monkey (d) Ascaris (d)

More information

11-1: Introduction to Genetics

11-1: Introduction to Genetics 11-1: Introduction to Genetics The Work of Gregor Mendel Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Genetics Vocabulary Genetics The study of heredity. Heredity The passing of physical characteristics from parents

More information

Pedigrees: Genetic Family History

Pedigrees: Genetic Family History Pedigrees: Genetic Family History - Women are represented with a. - Men are represented with a. - Affected individuals are (individuals who express the trait). C B A D If this is you who are The other

More information

Class *GENETIC NOTES & WORKSHEETS

Class *GENETIC NOTES & WORKSHEETS Name Class *GENETIC NOTES & WORKSHEETS DAY 1: Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary A. Genetics- Study of B. Heredity- The passing on of characteristics (traits) from to C. Trait A particular that can vary from

More information

Ch 10 Genetics Mendelian and Post-Medelian Teacher Version.notebook. October 20, * Trait- a character/gene. self-pollination or crosspollination

Ch 10 Genetics Mendelian and Post-Medelian Teacher Version.notebook. October 20, * Trait- a character/gene. self-pollination or crosspollination * Trait- a character/gene shape, * Monk in Austria at age 21 * At 30, went to University of Vienna to study science and math * After graduating he returned to the monastery and became a high school teacher

More information

12 MENDEL, GENES, AND INHERITANCE

12 MENDEL, GENES, AND INHERITANCE 12 MENDEL, GENES, AND INHERITANCE Chapter Outline 12.1 THE BEGINNINGS OF GENETICS: MENDEL S GARDEN PEAS Mendel chose true-breeding garden peas for his experiments Mendel first worked with single-character

More information

The first scientists to study the laws of heredity had some difficult initial problems to solve

The first scientists to study the laws of heredity had some difficult initial problems to solve Chapter 11 The first scientists to study the laws of heredity had some difficult initial problems to solve Two parents have to contribute equally to make one child Sometimes offspring show similar traits

More information

.the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next.

.the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next. Genetics .the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next. The chromosomes are contained in the nucleus of the cell. Genes and Chromosomes Chromosomes are made of: Gene:

More information

By Mir Mohammed Abbas II PCMB 'A' CHAPTER CONCEPT NOTES

By Mir Mohammed Abbas II PCMB 'A' CHAPTER CONCEPT NOTES Chapter Notes- Genetics By Mir Mohammed Abbas II PCMB 'A' 1 CHAPTER CONCEPT NOTES Relationship between genes and chromosome of diploid organism and the terms used to describe them Know the terms Terms

More information

Lecture 13: May 24, 2004

Lecture 13: May 24, 2004 Lecture 13: May 24, 2004 CH14: Mendel and the gene idea *particulate inheritance parents pass on discrete heritable units *gene- unit of inheritance which occupies a specific chromosomal location (locus)

More information

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics. Section 1. Meiosis

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics. Section 1. Meiosis Chromosomes and Chromosome Number! Human body cells have 46 chromosomes! Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes! Homologous chromosomes one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent Chromosomes and

More information

The Experiments of Gregor Mendel

The Experiments of Gregor Mendel 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel 11.2 Applying Mendel s Principles The Experiments of Gregor Mendel Every living thing (plant or animal, microbe or human being) has a set of characteristics inherited from

More information

GENETICS - CLUTCH CH.2 MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE.

GENETICS - CLUTCH CH.2 MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: MENDELS EXPERIMENTS AND LAWS Mendel s Experiments Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied Genetics using pea plants Mendel used pure lines meaning that all offspring

More information

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics

Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics 11.1 Gregor Mendel Genetics is the scientific study of heredity How traits are passed from one generation to the next Mendel Austrian monk (1822) Used Pea Plants (crossed

More information

Honors Biology Test Chapter 9 - Genetics

Honors Biology Test Chapter 9 - Genetics Honors Biology Test Chapter 9 - Genetics 1. The exceptions to the rule that every chromosome is part of a homologous pair are the a. sex chromosomes. c. linked chromosomes. b. autosomes. d. linked autosomes.

More information

VOCABULARY. TRAITS a genetic (inherited) characteristic. HEREDITY The passing of traits from parent to offspring

VOCABULARY. TRAITS a genetic (inherited) characteristic. HEREDITY The passing of traits from parent to offspring VOCABULARY TRAITS a genetic (inherited) characteristic HEREDITY The passing of traits from parent to offspring GENETICS the branch of biology that studies heredity (inherited traits) 1 Gregor Mendel Who?

More information

Chapter 13: Patterns of Inheritance

Chapter 13: Patterns of Inheritance Chapter 13: Patterns of Inheritance 1 Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Between 1856 and 1863 28,000 pea plants Called the Father of Genetics" 2 Site of Gregor Mendel s experimental garden in the Czech Republic

More information

NOTES: : HUMAN HEREDITY

NOTES: : HUMAN HEREDITY NOTES: 14.1-14.2: HUMAN HEREDITY Human Genes: The human genome is the complete set of genetic information -it determines characteristics such as eye color and how proteins function within cells Recessive

More information

B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics

B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel s principles of genetics The Chromosome theory of inheritance is a basic principle in biology that states genes

More information

Patterns of Inheritance. Game Plan. Gregor Mendel ( ) Overview of patterns of inheritance Determine how some genetic disorders are inherited

Patterns of Inheritance. Game Plan. Gregor Mendel ( ) Overview of patterns of inheritance Determine how some genetic disorders are inherited Patterns of Inheritance Game Plan Overview of patterns of inheritance Determine how some genetic disorders are inherited Gregor Mendel (8-88) Austrian monk responsible for developing the modern idea of

More information

Mendel. The pea plant was ideal to work with and Mendel s results were so accurate because: 1) Many. Purple versus flowers, yellow versus seeds, etc.

Mendel. The pea plant was ideal to work with and Mendel s results were so accurate because: 1) Many. Purple versus flowers, yellow versus seeds, etc. Mendel A. Mendel: Before Mendel, people believed in the hypothesis. This is analogous to how blue and yellow paints blend to make. Mendel introduced the hypothesis. This deals with discrete units called

More information

The laws of Heredity. Allele: is the copy (or a version) of the gene that control the same characteristics.

The laws of Heredity. Allele: is the copy (or a version) of the gene that control the same characteristics. The laws of Heredity 1. Definition: Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to their offspring by means of the genes from the parents. Gene: Part or portion of a chromosome that carries genetic information

More information

For a long time, people have observed that offspring look like their parents.

For a long time, people have observed that offspring look like their parents. Chapter 10 For a long time, people have observed that offspring look like their parents. Even before we knew about genes, people were breeding livestock to get certain traits in the offspring. They knew

More information

Mendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns. Practice Questions. Slide 1 / 116. Slide 2 / 116. Slide 3 / 116

Mendelian Genetics & Inheritance Patterns. Practice Questions. Slide 1 / 116. Slide 2 / 116. Slide 3 / 116 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 116 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and

More information

Progressive Science Initiative. Click to go to website:

Progressive Science Initiative. Click to go to website: Slide 1 / 116 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and

More information

Review for Meiosis and Genetics Unit Test: Theory

Review for Meiosis and Genetics Unit Test: Theory Review for Meiosis and Genetics Unit Test: Theory 1. What is a karyotype? What stage of mitosis is the best for preparing karyotypes? a karyotype is a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell, organized

More information

Date Pages Page # 3. Record the color of your beads. Are they homozygous or heterozygous?

Date Pages Page # 3. Record the color of your beads. Are they homozygous or heterozygous? 1 Patterns of Inheritance Process and Procedures Date Pages 645-650 Page # 3. Record the color of your beads. Are they homozygous or heterozygous? 6. Record the colors of the two beads. Are they homozygous

More information

Review Packet for Genetics and Meiosis

Review Packet for Genetics and Meiosis Name: Date: Block: 1 Review Packet for Genetics and Meiosis Directions: Answer the questions and where indicated, draw a Punnett square and show all work! 1. Who was Gregor Mendel? Where did he live and

More information

MENDELIAN GENETIC CH Review Activity

MENDELIAN GENETIC CH Review Activity MENDELIAN GENETIC CH. 6.3-6.5 Review Activity Question 1 Who is considered to be the father of genetics? Answer 1 Question 2 Gregor Mendel What part of DNA directs a cell to make a certain protein? 1 Answer

More information

11.1 The Work of Mendel

11.1 The Work of Mendel 11.1 The Work of Mendel Originally prepared by Kim B. Foglia Revised and adapted by Nhan A. Pham Objectives Describe Mendel s classic garden pea experiment. Summarize Mendel s conclusion about inheritance.

More information

Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype.

Two copies of each autosomal gene affect phenotype. UNIT 3 GENETICS LESSON #34: Chromosomes and Phenotype Objective: Explain how the chromosomes on which genes are located can affect the expression of traits. Take a moment to look at the variety of treats

More information

Mendelian Genetics. Activity. Part I: Introduction. Instructions

Mendelian Genetics. Activity. Part I: Introduction. Instructions Activity Part I: Introduction Some of your traits are inherited and cannot be changed, while others can be influenced by the environment around you. There has been ongoing research in the causes of cancer.

More information

Meiosis and Genetics

Meiosis and Genetics Meiosis and Genetics Humans have chromosomes in each cell What pattern do you notice in the human karyotype (a technique that organizes chromosomes by type and size)? Humans are diploid 1 Gametes are produced

More information

Chapter 6 Heredity The Big Idea Heredity is the passing of the instructions for traits from one generation to the next.

Chapter 6 Heredity The Big Idea Heredity is the passing of the instructions for traits from one generation to the next. Chapter 6 Heredity The Big Idea Heredity is the passing of the instructions for traits from one generation to the next. Section 1 Mendel and His Peas Key Concept The work of Gregor Mendel explains the

More information