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1 Student Name: Draft Teacher: Date: District: Wake County Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AA21 - Animal Science I Test 4 Description: Test 7: Reproduction & Genetics Form: 501 Draft 1. Superior traits of offspring that come from crossbreeding are called: A. Grading up. B. Hybrid vigor. C. Recessive. D. Sterility. 2. The system of breeding which breeds a registered male to a registered female animal of the same breed is: A. Crossbreeding. B. Grading up. C. Purebred breeding. D. Rotation breeding. 3. The system of breeding which mates related animals such as brother to sister is: A. Crossbreeding. B. Inbreeding. C. Outcrossing. D. Purebreeding. 4. An Angus bull that breeds a Hereford cow is an example of: A. Crossbreeding. B. Grading up. C. Inbreeding. D. Purebreeding.

2 5. The type of inbreeding where animals that are more distantly related and can be traced back to one common ancestor such as a grandparent is: A. Crossbreeding. B. Grading up. C. Line breeding. D. Outcrossing. 6. In beef cattle, the normal position of a calf at birth is: A. Back feet first. B. Front feet first. C. Head first. D. Tail first. 7. In mammals such as cattle and swine, the act of giving birth is known as: A. Estrus. B. Gestation. C. Ovulation. D. Parturition. 8. The period of time an animal is pregnant is: A. Copulation. B. Gestation. C. Ovulation. D. Lactation. 9. The time period that a female animal is receptive to breeding is: A. Estrus. B. Gestation. C. Libido. D. Rumination. 10. The process of removing the testicles of a male animal is: A. Castration. B. Docking. C. Inbreeding. D. Parturition.

3 11. The milk produced the first few days after a mammal gives birth is: A. Afterbirth. B. Colustrum. C. Pasturized. D. Seminal fluid. 12. The period of time that milk is secreted by the mammary glands is: A. Estrus. B. Gestation. C. Lactation. D. Parturition. 13. In the female reproductive system, the funnel- shaped end of each oviduct that is located just below the ovary is the: A. Cervix. B. Infundibulum. C. Prostate. D. Vagina. 14. In the female reproductive system, the neck of the uterus that separates the uterus from the vagina is the: A. Cervix. B. Cowper s gland. C. Ovary. 15. The external opening to the reproductive system of a cow is the: A. Oviduct. B. Sheath. C. Vagina. 16. The part of a sow s reproductive system also known as the womb is the: A. Isthmus. B. Ovary. C. Uterus. D. Vagina.

4 17. The part of the livestock female reproductive system that connects the vulva to the cervix is the: A. Infundibulum. B. Isthmus. C. Ovary. D. Vagina. 18. The part of the livestock female reproductive system that is between the infundibulum and the uterus and is also called the fallopian tube is the: B. Oviduct. C. Vagina. 19. The uterus is the part of the livestock female reproductive system where the: A. Eggs are produced. B. Fetus grows and develops. C. Urine is made and collected. D. Semen is produced. 20. The function of a cow s ovaries is to: A. Produce eggs or ova. B. Produce semen. C. Receive penis during breeding. D. Seal uterus during pregnancy. 21. The part of the female reproductive system that serves as a passageway for semen to go from the vagina to the uterus and also seals the uterus during pregnancy is the: A. Cervix. B. Infundibulum. C. Ovary. 22. The female livestock reproductive part that carries eggs from the ovary to the uterus is the: A. Cervix. B. Oviduct. C. Prostate.

5 23. The female livestock reproductive part that receives the penis and semen at breeding, allows the fetus to pass through at birth and serves as a passageway for expelling urine is the: A. Cervix. B. Ovary. C. Oviduct. D. Vagina. 24. The part of the female reproductive system that picks up the eggs at ovulation and directs them into the oviduct is the: A. Infundibulum. B. Uterus. C. Vagina. 25. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered female cow, the outside opening made up of folds of skin is the: A. Fallopian tube. B. Ovary. C. Uterus. 26. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered sow, the organ with two branched horn-shaped attachments that was inside the body is the: A. Clitoris. B. Uterus. C. Vagina. 27. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered sow, the part that is a thick-walled structure made up of several folds and rings of muscular tissue that is the neck of the uterus is the: A. Cervix. B. Urethra. C. Vagina.

6 28. The male livestock reproductive part that is covered by the sheath is the: A. Epididymis. B. Penis. C. Scrotum. D. Testicles. 29. The part of the bull s reproductive system that is inside the scrotum is the: A. Papilla. B. Penis. C. Retractor muscle. D. Testicles. 30. Which group of male reproductive glands includes seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper s gland? A. Accessory B. Cryptorchid C. Hormone D. Ovulation 31. Which of these male reproductive parts is found in poultry but NOT in livestock? A. Papilla B. Scrotum C. Sheath D. Testicles 32. The male livestock reproductive part that is a long, coiled tube connected to each testicle is the: A. Epididymis. B. Papilla. C. Sheath. D. Urethra. 33. The parts of the male reproductive system that are removed through surgical castration to keep males from breeding are the: A. Accessory glands. B. Retractor muscles. C. Seminal vesicles. D. Testicles.

7 34. The function of the sheath on male livestock is to: A. Deposit semen in females. B. Produce sperm. C. Protect the penis from injury. D. Store sperm. 35. The male livestock reproductive part that has the dual function of passing urine from the body and depositing semen in the female reproductive system is the: A. Penis. B. Retractor muscle. C. Scrotum. D. Testicles. 36. The male reproductive parts that produce sperm and the male sex hormone are the: A. Retractor muscles. B. Seminal vesicles. C. Testicles. D. Vas deferens. 37. The function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system is to: A. Deposit sperm in females. B. Extend or retract the penis. C. Protect the penis. D. Protect the testicles. 38. The male poultry part that puts the sperm into the hen s reproductive tract is the: A. Papilla. B. Prostate gland. C. Sheath. D. Testicles. 39. The male livestock reproductive part where sperm are stored while they mature is the: A. Cowper s gland. B. Epididymis. C. Penis. D. Sheath.

8 40. On a reproductive tract removed from the slaughtered bull, the sac or pouch that holds the two oval-shaped meaty structure is the: A. Penis. B. Scrotum. C. Sheath. D. Urethra. 41. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered barrow, the skin that covers the penis is the: A. Sheath. B. Testicle. C. Urethra. D. Vas deferens. 42. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered bull, the two oval-shaped meaty structures inside the sac or pouch are the: A. Penis. B. Sheaths. C. Testicles. D. Vas deferens. 43. The number of functioning ovaries that mature female poultry have is: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D In poultry eggs, the ovum is called the: A. Albumen. B. Cloaca. C. Shell. D. Yolk. 45. The infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina are the five parts of the female poultry s: B. Oviduct. C. Papillae. D. Vent.

9 46. The outside opening to the poultry reproductive tract is the: A. Ovary. B. Uterus. C. Vagina. D. Vent. 47. In addition to producing ova, the ovary in female poultry also produces: A. Hormones. B. Shell membranes. C. Shells. D. Sperm. 48. A major difference between the reproductive systems of livestock and poultry is that the: A. Livestock embryo develops inside the male s body. B. Livestock embryo develops outside the female s body. C. Poultry embryo develops inside the female s body. D. Poultry embryo develops outside the female s body. 49. When a rooster mates with a hen, semen is deposited by the male into the female s: B. Magnum. C. Vagina. 50. In poultry reproduction, fertilization takes place in the: B. Infundibulum. C. Uterus. D. Vagina. 51. The incubation period for chicken eggs is: A. 6 days. B. 21 days. C. 28 days. D. 114 days.

10 52. Although poultry eggs are used as food by humans, the original function of eggs is: A. Beautification. B. Digestion. C. Disease control. D. Reproduction. 53. The "thick white" and two shell membranes are joined with the yolk to form the egg in the hen s: B. Estrogen. C. Oviduct. D. Vent. 54. After the poultry egg is completely formed, it moves to the vagina for a short time until it exits the female s body through the: A. Infundibulum. B. Magnum. C. Ovary. D. Vent. 55. On a male reproductive tract from a slaughtered rooster, the two parts that are located in the abdominal cavity with one on each side of the backbone are the: B. Ovaries. C. Papillae. D. Testes. 56. On slaughtered poultry, both the male and the female reproductive tracts have a part just inside the vent called the: B. Oviduct. C. Papillae. D. Vagina. 57. On a female reproductive tract from a slaughtered egg-laying hen, the part where yellow-colored round egg yolks of different sizes are attached is the: B. Kidney. C. Ovary. D. Vent.

11 58. The birthing process begins when the increased estrogen causes the muscles to contract in the: A. Legs. B. Stomach. C. Uterus. 59. The mitochondrion of the cell converts energy stored as glucose into: A. Cell membrane. B. Deoxyribonucleic acid. C. Adenosine triphosphate D. Cytoplasm. 60. The body of an animal is made up of millions of tiny structural units called: A. Cells. B. Hairs. C. Hormones. D. Muscles. 61. The type of cell division that increases the total number of cells and results in the animal s growth is: A. Fertilization. B. Genetic engineering. C. Meiosis. D. Mitosis. 62. After cell division by meiosis, the number of chromosomes each egg or sperm has is: A. ¼ the original. B. ½ the original. C. Ten times the original. D. Twice the original. 63. The part of an animal cell that gives the cell the ability to grow, to digest food and to divide is the: A. Cell wall. B. Cytoplasm. C. Gene. D. Nucleus.

12 64. Located on chromosomes, the complex molecules that control the characteristics that are inherited from parents are called: A. Eggs. B. Genes. C. Punnett Squares. D. Sperm. 65. If the heritability estimate for number of pigs farrowed is 10%, percent lean cuts is 35%, birth weight is 20% and backfat thickness is 45%, which trait can be improved the fastest through selective breeding? A. Backfat thickness B. Birth weight C. Number of pigs farrowed D. Percent lean cuts 66. In general, heritability estimates for beef cattle compared to swine are: A. About the same. B. Higher. C. Much lower. D. Slightly lower. 67. Compared to heritability estimates for muscle, length and fat traits in swine, the heritability estimates for traits related to reproduction are: A. About the same. B. Lower. C. Much higher. D. Slightly higher. 68. Compared to heritability estimates for yield grade, retail yield and rate of gain in beef cattle, the heritability estimates for traits related to reproduction are: A. About the same. B. Lower. C. Much higher. D. Slightly higher.

13 69. If the heritability estimate for fat thickness is 40%, calf weaning weight is 25%, loin eye area is 70% and rate of gain is 50%, which trait can be improved the fastest through selective breeding? A. Calf weaning weight B. Fat thickness C. Loin eye area D. Rate of gain 70. If boar "A" is from a litter of 16 and has a loin eye of 4.25 inches, boar "B" is from a litter of 14 and has a loin eye of 5.00 inches and boar "C" is from a litter of 10 and has a 6.10 inch loin eye, which boar would improve the offspring the fastest? A. A B. B C. C D. No difference 71. The site of protein synthesis inside the cell is the: A. Ribosome. B. Cell membrane. C. Golgi body. D. Centrosome. 72. The first stage of mitosis is: A. Anaphase. B. Telophase. C. Prophase. D. Metaphase. 73. The production of ovum is called: A. Mitosis. B. Oogenesis. C. Zygote. D. Spermatogenesis.

14 Student Name: Draft Teacher: Date: District: Wake County Assessment: 9_12 Agriculture AA21 - Animal Science I Test 4 Description: Test 7: Reproduction & Genetics Form: 501 Draft 1. Superior traits of offspring that come from crossbreeding are called: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AA A. Grading up. B. Hybrid vigor. C. Recessive. D. Sterility. 2. The system of breeding which breeds a registered male to a registered female animal of the same breed is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AA A. Crossbreeding. B. Grading up. C. Purebred breeding. D. Rotation breeding. 3. The system of breeding which mates related animals such as brother to sister is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AA A. Crossbreeding. B. Inbreeding. C. Outcrossing. D. Purebreeding.

15 4. An Angus bull that breeds a Hereford cow is an example of: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AA A. Crossbreeding. B. Grading up. C. Inbreeding. D. Purebreeding. 5. The type of inbreeding where animals that are more distantly related and can be traced back to one common ancestor such as a grandparent is: NCCTE.9_12.AE.AA A. Crossbreeding. B. Grading up. C. Line breeding. D. Outcrossing. 6. In beef cattle, the normal position of a calf at birth is: A. Back feet first. B. Front feet first. C. Head first. D. Tail first. 7. In mammals such as cattle and swine, the act of giving birth is known as: A. Estrus. B. Gestation. C. Ovulation. D. Parturition. 8. The period of time an animal is pregnant is: A. Copulation. B. Gestation. C. Ovulation. D. Lactation.

16 9. The time period that a female animal is receptive to breeding is: A. Estrus. B. Gestation. C. Libido. D. Rumination. 10. The process of removing the testicles of a male animal is: A. Castration. B. Docking. C. Inbreeding. D. Parturition. 11. The milk produced the first few days after a mammal gives birth is: A. Afterbirth. B. Colustrum. C. Pasturized. D. Seminal fluid. 12. The period of time that milk is secreted by the mammary glands is: A. Estrus. B. Gestation. C. Lactation. D. Parturition. 13. In the female reproductive system, the funnel- shaped end of each oviduct that is located just below the ovary is the: A. Cervix. B. Infundibulum. C. Prostate. D. Vagina.

17 14. In the female reproductive system, the neck of the uterus that separates the uterus from the vagina is the: A. Cervix. B. Cowper s gland. C. Ovary. 15. The external opening to the reproductive system of a cow is the: A. Oviduct. B. Sheath. C. Vagina. 16. The part of a sow s reproductive system also known as the womb is the: A. Isthmus. B. Ovary. C. Uterus. D. Vagina. 17. The part of the livestock female reproductive system that connects the vulva to the cervix is the: A. Infundibulum. B. Isthmus. C. Ovary. D. Vagina. 18. The part of the livestock female reproductive system that is between the infundibulum and the uterus and is also called the fallopian tube is the: B. Oviduct. C. Vagina.

18 19. The uterus is the part of the livestock female reproductive system where the: A. Eggs are produced. B. Fetus grows and develops. C. Urine is made and collected. D. Semen is produced. 20. The function of a cow s ovaries is to: A. Produce eggs or ova. B. Produce semen. C. Receive penis during breeding. D. Seal uterus during pregnancy. 21. The part of the female reproductive system that serves as a passageway for semen to go from the vagina to the uterus and also seals the uterus during pregnancy is the: A. Cervix. B. Infundibulum. C. Ovary. 22. The female livestock reproductive part that carries eggs from the ovary to the uterus is the: A. Cervix. B. Oviduct. C. Prostate. 23. The female livestock reproductive part that receives the penis and semen at breeding, allows the fetus to pass through at birth and serves as a passageway for expelling urine is the: A. Cervix. B. Ovary. C. Oviduct. D. Vagina.

19 24. The part of the female reproductive system that picks up the eggs at ovulation and directs them into the oviduct is the: A. Infundibulum. B. Uterus. C. Vagina. 25. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered female cow, the outside opening made up of folds of skin is the: A. Fallopian tube. B. Ovary. C. Uterus. 26. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered sow, the organ with two branched horn-shaped attachments that was inside the body is the: A. Clitoris. B. Uterus. C. Vagina. 27. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered sow, the part that is a thick-walled structure made up of several folds and rings of muscular tissue that is the neck of the uterus is the: A. Cervix. B. Urethra. C. Vagina.

20 28. The male livestock reproductive part that is covered by the sheath is the: A. Epididymis. B. Penis. C. Scrotum. D. Testicles. 29. The part of the bull s reproductive system that is inside the scrotum is the: A. Papilla. B. Penis. C. Retractor muscle. D. Testicles. 30. Which group of male reproductive glands includes seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper s gland? A. Accessory B. Cryptorchid C. Hormone D. Ovulation 31. Which of these male reproductive parts is found in poultry but NOT in livestock? A. Papilla B. Scrotum C. Sheath D. Testicles 32. The male livestock reproductive part that is a long, coiled tube connected to each testicle is the: A. Epididymis. B. Papilla. C. Sheath. D. Urethra.

21 33. The parts of the male reproductive system that are removed through surgical castration to keep males from breeding are the: A. Accessory glands. B. Retractor muscles. C. Seminal vesicles. D. Testicles. 34. The function of the sheath on male livestock is to: A. Deposit semen in females. B. Produce sperm. C. Protect the penis from injury. D. Store sperm. 35. The male livestock reproductive part that has the dual function of passing urine from the body and depositing semen in the female reproductive system is the: A. Penis. B. Retractor muscle. C. Scrotum. D. Testicles. 36. The male reproductive parts that produce sperm and the male sex hormone are the: A. Retractor muscles. B. Seminal vesicles. C. Testicles. D. Vas deferens. 37. The function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system is to: A. Deposit sperm in females. B. Extend or retract the penis. C. Protect the penis. D. Protect the testicles.

22 38. The male poultry part that puts the sperm into the hen s reproductive tract is the: A. Papilla. B. Prostate gland. C. Sheath. D. Testicles. 39. The male livestock reproductive part where sperm are stored while they mature is the: A. Cowper s gland. B. Epididymis. C. Penis. D. Sheath. 40. On a reproductive tract removed from the slaughtered bull, the sac or pouch that holds the two oval-shaped meaty structure is the: A. Penis. B. Scrotum. C. Sheath. D. Urethra. 41. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered barrow, the skin that covers the penis is the: A. Sheath. B. Testicle. C. Urethra. D. Vas deferens. 42. On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered bull, the two oval-shaped meaty structures inside the sac or pouch are the: A. Penis. B. Sheaths. C. Testicles. D. Vas deferens.

23 43. The number of functioning ovaries that mature female poultry have is: A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D In poultry eggs, the ovum is called the: A. Albumen. B. Cloaca. C. Shell. D. Yolk. 45. The infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina are the five parts of the female poultry s: B. Oviduct. C. Papillae. D. Vent. 46. The outside opening to the poultry reproductive tract is the: A. Ovary. B. Uterus. C. Vagina. D. Vent. 47. In addition to producing ova, the ovary in female poultry also produces: A. Hormones. B. Shell membranes. C. Shells. D. Sperm.

24 48. A major difference between the reproductive systems of livestock and poultry is that the: A. Livestock embryo develops inside the male s body. B. Livestock embryo develops outside the female s body. C. Poultry embryo develops inside the female s body. D. Poultry embryo develops outside the female s body. 49. When a rooster mates with a hen, semen is deposited by the male into the female s: B. Magnum. C. Vagina. 50. In poultry reproduction, fertilization takes place in the: B. Infundibulum. C. Uterus. D. Vagina. 51. The incubation period for chicken eggs is: A. 6 days. B. 21 days. C. 28 days. D. 114 days. 52. Although poultry eggs are used as food by humans, the original function of eggs is: A. Beautification. B. Digestion. C. Disease control. D. Reproduction.

25 53. The "thick white" and two shell membranes are joined with the yolk to form the egg in the hen s: B. Estrogen. C. Oviduct. D. Vent. 54. After the poultry egg is completely formed, it moves to the vagina for a short time until it exits the female s body through the: A. Infundibulum. B. Magnum. C. Ovary. D. Vent. 55. On a male reproductive tract from a slaughtered rooster, the two parts that are located in the abdominal cavity with one on each side of the backbone are the: B. Ovaries. C. Papillae. D. Testes. 56. On slaughtered poultry, both the male and the female reproductive tracts have a part just inside the vent called the: B. Oviduct. C. Papillae. D. Vagina.

26 57. On a female reproductive tract from a slaughtered egg-laying hen, the part where yellow-colored round egg yolks of different sizes are attached is the: B. Kidney. C. Ovary. D. Vent. 58. The birthing process begins when the increased estrogen causes the muscles to contract in the: A. Legs. B. Stomach. C. Uterus. 59. The mitochondrion of the cell converts energy stored as glucose into: A. Cell membrane. B. Deoxyribonucleic acid. C. Adenosine triphosphate D. Cytoplasm. 60. The body of an animal is made up of millions of tiny structural units called: A. Cells. B. Hairs. C. Hormones. D. Muscles. 61. The type of cell division that increases the total number of cells and results in the animal s growth is: A. Fertilization. B. Genetic engineering. C. Meiosis. D. Mitosis.

27 62. After cell division by meiosis, the number of chromosomes each egg or sperm has is: A. ¼ the original. B. ½ the original. C. Ten times the original. D. Twice the original. 63. The part of an animal cell that gives the cell the ability to grow, to digest food and to divide is the: A. Cell wall. B. Cytoplasm. C. Gene. D. Nucleus. 64. Located on chromosomes, the complex molecules that control the characteristics that are inherited from parents are called: A. Eggs. B. Genes. C. Punnett Squares. D. Sperm. 65. If the heritability estimate for number of pigs farrowed is 10%, percent lean cuts is 35%, birth weight is 20% and backfat thickness is 45%, which trait can be improved the fastest through selective breeding? A. Backfat thickness B. Birth weight C. Number of pigs farrowed D. Percent lean cuts 66. In general, heritability estimates for beef cattle compared to swine are: A. About the same. B. Higher. C. Much lower. D. Slightly lower.

28 67. Compared to heritability estimates for muscle, length and fat traits in swine, the heritability estimates for traits related to reproduction are: A. About the same. B. Lower. C. Much higher. D. Slightly higher. 68. Compared to heritability estimates for yield grade, retail yield and rate of gain in beef cattle, the heritability estimates for traits related to reproduction are: A. About the same. B. Lower. C. Much higher. D. Slightly higher. 69. If the heritability estimate for fat thickness is 40%, calf weaning weight is 25%, loin eye area is 70% and rate of gain is 50%, which trait can be improved the fastest through selective breeding? A. Calf weaning weight B. Fat thickness C. Loin eye area D. Rate of gain 70. If boar "A" is from a litter of 16 and has a loin eye of 4.25 inches, boar "B" is from a litter of 14 and has a loin eye of 5.00 inches and boar "C" is from a litter of 10 and has a 6.10 inch loin eye, which boar would improve the offspring the fastest? A. A B. B C. C D. No difference

29 71. The site of protein synthesis inside the cell is the: A. Ribosome. B. Cell membrane. C. Golgi body. D. Centrosome. 72. The first stage of mitosis is: A. Anaphase. B. Telophase. C. Prophase. D. Metaphase. 73. The production of ovum is called: A. Mitosis. B. Oogenesis. C. Zygote. D. Spermatogenesis.

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