Living Environment. 1. Some of the concepts included in Darwin's theory of natural selection are represented in the diagram below.

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1 Mr. Burger Name Living Environment 1. Some of the concepts included in Darwin's theory of natural selection are represented in the diagram below. Which concept would be correctly placed in box X? 1) use and disuse 2) variation 3) changes in nucleic acids 4) transmission of acquired traits 2. In a certain area, DDT-resistant mosquitoes now exist in greater numbers than ten years ago. What is the most probable explanation for this increase in numbers? 1) Genetic differences permitted some mosquitoes to survive DDT use. 2) Mosquito eggs were most likely to have been fertilizedwhen exposed to DDT. 3) DDT acted as a reproductive hormone for previous generations of mosquitoes. 4) DDT serves as a new source of nutrition. 3. When penicillin was first introduced, it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which statement best explains the appearance of these resistant varieties? 1) Penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and this resistance was passed to the offspring. 2) Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, while naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced. 3) Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penicillin used when it was first introduced. 4) Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens in the resistant bacteria. 7. One explanation for the variety of organisms present on Earth today is that over time 1) new species have adapted to fill available niches in the environment 2) evolution has caused the appearance of organisms that are similar to each other 3) each niche has changed to support a certain variety of organism 4) the environment has remained unchanged, causing rapid evolution 8. The relationship of some mammals is indicated in the diagram below. 4. Based on modern evolutionary theory, the development of a new species would most likely be associated with 1) a constant environment 2) stable gene pools 3) geographic isolation 4) a lack of mutations 5. Geographic and reproductive isolation are most closely associated with 1) speciation 2) extinction 3) overproduction 4) competition 6. Variations among offspring are most frequency produced by the combined effects of 1) vegetative reproduction and chromosome mutation 2) gene mutations and sexual reproduction 3) binary fission and sexual reproduction 4) gene mutations and parthenogenesis Which statement about the African elephant is correct? 1) It is more closely related to the mammoth than it is to the West African manatee. 2) It is more closely related to the West Indian manatee than it is to the mastodon. 3) It is not related to the Brazilian manatee or the mammoth. 4) It is the ancestor of Steller s sea cow.

2 9. The diagram below illustrates the change that occurred in the physical appearance of a rabbit population over a 10-year period. Which condition would explain this change over time? 1) a decrease in the mutation rate of the rabbits with black fur 2) a decrease in the advantage of having white fur 3) an increase in the advantage of having white fur 4) an increase in the chromosome number of the rabbits with black fur 10. The diagram below shows a comparison of nitrogen base sequences in the DNA of some organisms to those of a human. According to this diagram, humans may be most closely related to the 1) ancestral primate 2) chimpanzee 3) gorilla 4) orangutan 11. The diagram below illustrates the distribution of fossils in undisturbed layers of silt at the bottom of the ocean. Which inference can correctly be made from the diagram? 1) The fossils in layer C are older than those in layer A. 2) The fossils in layer B are older than those in layer C. 3) The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer C. 4) The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer B.

3 12. The diagram below illustrates a proposed evolutionary path of certain organisms, based on the theory of evolution. Which statement could best be inferred from the information in this diagram? 1) Evolution does not involve gradual change. 2) Evolutionary changes can result in extinction. 3) Evolution begins with plants. 4) Evolution produces organisms that all fill the same niche. Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the diagram below. The diagram shows an interpretation of relationships based on evolutionary theory. The letters represent different species. 13. The diagram indicates that a common ancestor for species C and E is species 1) F 2) G 3) H 4) K 14. Which species are least likely to be vital parts of a present-day ecosystem? 1) A and E 2) C and D 3) E and J 4) B and F

4 Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the diagram below, which represents the relationships between animals in a possible canine family tree, and on your knowledge of biology. 15. According to the diagram, which group of organisms has the most closely related members? 1) cats, weasels, and wolves 2) bears, raccoons, and hyena dogs 3) jackals, foxes, and domestic dogs 4) African hunting dogs, hyena dogs, and domestic dogs 16. According to the canine family tree, weasels, foxes, and domestic dogs all most likely originated from the 1) wolf 2) bear dog 3) Marctus 4) Miacis

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