Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group

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1 GAJAHNUMBER

2 GAJAH Number 33 (2010) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which members of the AsESG and others can communicate their experiences, ideas and perceptions freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the AsESG. The copyright of each article remains with the author(s). Editor Jayantha Jayewardene Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya romalijj@eureka.lk Editorial Board Dr. Richard Barnes Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section Division of Biological Sciences MC-0116 University of California at San Diego La Jolla, CA USA rfwbarnes@znet.com Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Centre for Conservation and Research 35 Gunasekara Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya jenny@aim.uzh.ch Dr. Alex Rübel Direktor Zoo Zürich Zürichbergstrasse 221 CH Zürich Switzerland alex.ruebel@zoo.ch Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando Centre for Conservation and Research 35 Gunasekara Gardens Nawala Road Rajagiriya pruthu62@gmail.com Heidi Riddle Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary P.O. Box 715 Greenbrier, Arkansas USA gajah@alltel.net Arnold Sitompul Conservation Science Initiative Jl. Setia Budi Pasar 2 Komp. Insan Cita Griya Blok CC No 5 Medan, Indonesia asitompu@hotmail.com

3 GAJAH Number 33 (2010) This publication of Gajah was financed by the International Elephant Foundation

4 Editorial Note Articles published in Gajah may be used, distributed and reproduced in any medium, provided the article is properly cited. Gajah will be published as both a hard copy and an on-line version accessible from the AsESG web site ( If you would like to be informed when a new issue comes out, please provide your address. If you would like to have a hardcopy, please send a request with your name and postal address by to <romalijj@eureka.lk> or to: Jayantha Jayewardene 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens Nawala Road, Rajagiriya Cover: Elephant patrol in Blang Raweu, Aceh Photo by Mahdi Ismail Layout and formatting by Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Printed at Melios (Pvt) Ltd. Printed by Gunaratne Offset Ltd.

5 Instructions for Contributors Gajah welcomes articles on all aspects of Asian elephants, of interest to those involved in conservation, management and research on Asian elephants and the general public. Articles may include but are not limited to research findings, opinions, commentaries, anecdotal accounts and book reviews. Readers are encouraged to submit comments, opinions and criticisms of articles published in Gajah. Such correspondence should be a maximum of 300 words, and will be edited and published at the discretion of the editorial board. Manuscripts with a maximum of 5000 words are accepted for the full paper section. These manuscripts may be sent to reviewers outside of the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such peer reviewed papers will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads peer reviewed paper. Manuscripts with a maximum of 2000 words are accepted for the short paper section. These manuscripts are reviewed by the Editorial Board of Gajah. Such editor reviewed papers will be identified in the journal by means of a footer that reads editor reviewed paper. Tables and figures should be kept to a minimum. Each needs to be on a separate page at the end of the manuscript. Legends should be typed separately (not incorporated into the figure). Use of black and white figures is encouraged to facilitate reproduction. Refer to figures and tables in the text as (Fig. 2) and (Table 4). Include tables and line drawings in the MS WORD document you submit. Photographs, maps etc. should be submitted as extra files in JPEG or TIFF format. References should be indicated in the text by the surnames(s) of the author(s) with the year of publication as in the example below: (Baskaran & Desai 1996; Rajapaksha et al. 2004) If the name forms part of the text, it may be cited as in the following example: Sukumar (1989) demonstrated that... Avoid if possible, citing references which are hard to access (e.g. reports, unpublished theses). Format citations in the References section as in the following examples, writing out journal titles in full. Baskaran, N. & Desai, A.A. (1996) Ranging behavior of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, South India. Gajah 15: Olivier, R.C.D. (1978) On the Ecology of the Asian Elephant. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Rajapaksha, R.C., Mendis, G.U.S.P. & Wijesinghe, C.G. (2004) Management of Pinnawela elephants in musth period. In: Endangered Elephants, Past Present and Future. Jayewardene, J. (ed.) Biodiversity & Elephant Conservation Trust, Colombo,. pp Sukumar, R. (1989) The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Manuscripts should be submitted by to the editor <romalijj@eureka.lk>. If unable to do so, a hard copy can be sent to: Jayantha Jayewardene, 615/32 Rajagiriya Gardens, Nawala Road, Rajagiriya,. Deadline for submission of manuscripts for the next issue of Gajah is 31. May 2011.

6 GAJAH NUMBER Contents Gajah 33 (2010) Editorial 1-2 Heidi S. Riddle Notes from the Co-chairs IUCN/SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group 3-6 Ajay A. Desai and Simon Hedges Correspondence 7 Jacob V. Cheeran Translocation of a Wild Elephant from Southern West Bengal to Northern West Bengal - An Approach to Reduce Elephant-Human Conflict 8-11 M. Roy, S. P. Choudhury, P. Kamalakanth, C. Dutta, S. Kundu, S. Dasgupta, U. Bhattacharya and R. Sukumar On Predicting Elephant Population Dynamics Shermin de Silva A Case History of Colonization in the Asian Elephant: Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh, India) Ranjit Manakadan, S. Swaminathan, J.C. Daniel and Ajay A. Desai Crop Raiding by Elephants Adjacent to Two National Parks in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia Arnold F. Sitompul, Simon Hedges, Martin J. Tyson, John P.Caroll and Timothy O Brien Seasonal and Roofing Material Influence on the Thermoregulation by Captive Asian Elephants and its Implications for Captive Elephant Welfare V. Vanitha and N. Baskaran Identifying Elephant Movement Patterns by Direct Observation Prithiviraj Fernando, H. K. Janaka, Tharaka Prasad, and Jennifer Pastorini Asian Elephant and Bannerghatta National Park in Eastern Ghats, Southern India S. P.Gopalakrishna, R. K. Somashekar, Vijay D. Anand and Surendra Varma ElefantAsia in the Lao PDR An Overview Ingrid Suter The Training Methods Used in Myanma Timber Enterprise Zaw Min Oo Mahoutship in Indonesia - Developing a Young Profession Nazaruddin, Christopher Stremme and Heidi S. Riddle Problems Encountered During Translocation of an Aggressive Captive Asian Elephant and its Successful Management Indramani Nath, Subharaj Samantara and Kamal Lochan Purohit Summary of Fourth Annual Tuberculosis and Elephants Workshop Dennis L. Schmitt, Deborah Olson & Heidi S. Riddle Report of Three Twin Births in Captive Asian Elephants 71 Jayantha Jayewardene Recent Publications on Asian Elephants Book Review: n Elephant by Vajira Wijegunawardane 84 News Briefs 85-91

Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group

Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group 37 2012 GAJAHNUMBER GAJAH Number 37 (2012) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) both in the wild