Aquatic Animals. Using the Law to See and Protect Them. Professor Kathy Hessler Aquatic Animal Law Initiative Lewis & Clark Law School
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1 Aquatic Animals Using the Law to See and Protect Them Professor Kathy Hessler Aquatic Animal Law Initiative Lewis & Clark Law School
2 Overview Aquatic Animals Categories Widespread Use Science Legal Issues AALI - Seeing Aquatic Animals
3 Aquatic Animals Amphibians Fish Cephalopods Cetaceans Marine mammals Crustaceans Pinnipeds
4 Categories Companion/pets Food and fiber - for humans and animals (even fish) Wildlife Entertainment (aquariums, zoos, movies, etc.) Work (Navy dolphins) Pest Research Education Issues of concern - Transportation - Breeding - Slaughter octoplosion.tumblr.com
5 Fish Farming usa.chinadaily.com.ch opiinc.org
6 Aquaculture Numbers 2016 Food and Agriculture Organization report (for 2013) 97 million tons aquaculture globally (308 million meat/poultry) 47 million tons - farmed finfish 23 million tons other farmed aquatic animals mollusks, crustaceans, etc. Finfish aquaculture $97 Billion dollars in 2013 Doesn t count wild caught Fish raised for non-human consumption
7 Fishing Practices opiinc.com gloster.com
8 Fishing Numbers Food and Agriculture Organization report (for 2014) Fish, Crustaceans, Mollusks Capture and Aquaculture Worldwide Over 167 million tons (93 million capture, 73 million aquaculture) U.S. Almost 5 million capture Half a million aquaculture
9 Shark Fins Blue Sharks, Japan sharklife.co.za sharkdefenders.com
10 Additional Concerns - Genetic Modifications action.responsibletechnology.org
11 sciencenordic.com Diseases
12 Research uniprot.org Zebrafish nature.com
13
14 Science New understandings about their capacities: Can feel sentient Consciousness Some are proven to be self-aware Cooperate across species Use tools Protect young and each other Aware of time theguardian.com
15 Legal Exclusion Many state anti-cruelty laws Slaughter laws Transportation laws Research (U.S. AWA) Breeding upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/1660_blk_19329_zoom.png
16 Legal Protections Wildlife and endangered Pets Marine mammals Regulatory Protections PHS Policy Guide to Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
17 Marine Mammals - Example THREATS Seal Hunts Whaling Fishing entanglements Collisions with ships/boats Marine pollution Noise (sonar/shipping) Shark tournaments Strandings Disease
18 Marine Mammals
19 Marine Mammals - Protections MMPA Marine Mammal Protection Act National Marine Fisheries Service AWA U.S. Dept. of Agriculture APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Some Anti-cruelty statutes Some specific regulation and statutes
20 Aquatic Animal Law Initiative Mission Statement The Aquatic Animal Law Institute (AALI) works to protect and promote the interests of aquatic animals by: Advocating on their behalf through the legal system; Promoting their value to the public by providing education about their cognitive, emotional, and physiological capacities; and Harmonizing human, animal, and environmental interests.
21 Need for AALI Aquatic animals are generally left out of the legal frameworks of protection and regulation Too little understanding about the environmental, public health, consumer, and worker safety issues associated with production, transportation, slaughter, processing, breeding, testing, exhibition, and other activities No organization dedicated to legal analysis of these issues Without research and consideration of the scientific, economic, and legal contours of these matters, policy development is necessarily constrained and poorly informed Without explicit exploration of these issues, opportunities for multi-disciplinary collaboration and problem-solving are lost
22 Good for animals Learn not to think of them as instrumentalities Consider their needs, what is natural Good for nature and the environment Work to better understand the whole system Consider individuals within, and apart from, the whole Good for people More deeply consider what it is to be human, and to be a part of nature rather than in control of, or isolated from, it
23 THANK YOU. Kathy Hessler
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