SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

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Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 27.3 Using Figure 27.3, match the following: 1) The stage called ovulation.

1 Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 27.3 Using Figure 27.3, match the following: 1) The stage called ovulation. 2) Corpus luteum. 3) Graafian follicle. MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following: 4) Where the fetus develops and grows. 5) The release of oocyte from ovary. 6) External sac enclosing the testes. 7) Erectile tissue in the male. 8) Female homologue of the scrotum. A) Uterus B) Ovulation C) Labia majora D) Scrotum E) Corpora cavernosa 1

2 Match the following: 9) Human papillomavirus. 10) Treponema pallidum. 11) Urethritis in males. 12) Epstein-Barr virus. 13) Organism responsible for approximately half of the diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease. A) Gonorrhea B) Genital herpes C) Syphilis D) Chlamydia E) Genital warts TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 14) It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature. 15) The prostate gland atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems. 16) When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is necessary to investigate the sperm of the male. 17) The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of FSH alone. 18) Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs. 19) Sexually transmitted diseases are the most important cause of reproductive disorders. 20) Males do not go through menopause as females do, but there is a steady reduction in their testosterone levels. 21) A human egg or sperm contains 23 chromosomes. 22) The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix. 23) The adenohypophyseal hormone that triggers ovulation is estrogen. 24) The female hormone corresponding to the male ICSH is FSH. 25) The male urethra serves the urinary system only. 26) Failure to attain erection is called impotence. 27) Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle. 28) The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only. 29) Female orgasm is required for conception. 30) The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts. 2

3 31) The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone. 32) The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium. 33) A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental temperature is the cremaster. 34) The secretions of the bulbourethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 35) The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to: A) enzymatic activity. B) peristaltic contractions. C) hormonal action. D) gravity. 36) Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen? A) the bulbourethral glands B) the seminal vesicles C) the pituitary D) the prostate 37) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) GnRH B) testosterone C) LH D) FSH 38) Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events? A) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth B) that human gonadotropin be synthesized in the first week of the pregnancy C) that the female hormones are suppressed during pregnancy D) the suppression of inhibin 39) The primary function of the uterus is to: A) protect the ovaries. B) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles. C) synthesize female hormones. D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum. 40) The corpus luteum is: A) the ruptured follicle following the ejection of an oocyte from the ovary. B) part of the uterine tube. C) the ovarian ligament that anchors the ovary medially to the uterus. D) the mesovarium. 41) The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called: A) the Graafian follicles. B) the infundibula. C) the fimbriae. D) the fallopian tubes. 42) Which of the following constitutes the female counterpart of the male scrotum? A) the mons pubis B) the labia majora C) the clitoris D) the greater vestibular glands 3

4 43) Human egg and sperm are similar in that: A) they have the same degree of motility. B) about the same number of each is produced per month. C) they are about the same size. D) they have the same number of chromosomes. 44) The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through: A) DNA synthesis. B) mitosis. C) cytokinesis. D) meiosis. 45) Fertilization generally occurs in the: A) ovary. B) vagina. C) fallopian tubes. D) uterus. 46) All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the: A) development of body hair. B) lowering of the voice. C) increasing mass of the skeleton. D) development of testes as opposed to ovaries. 47) In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be: A) of different sexes. B) fraternal. C) dizygotic. D) identical. 48) Characteristics of the mature sperm include: A) the presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm. B) the presence of two X chromosomes in approximately half the sperm. C) the absence of an acrosome. D) the absence of coiled mitochondria. 49) Functions of testosterone include: A) loss of facial hair. B) facilitation of muscle and skeletal growth in mass. C) drying of the skin. D) growth of the breasts. 50) Effects of estrogen include: A) increased oiliness of the skin. B) growth of the larynx. C) deepening of the voice. D) growth of the breasts at puberty. 51) The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called: A) spermatogonia. B) spermatocytes. C) sustentacular cells. D) interstitial cells. 52) Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? A) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. B) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes. C) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body. D) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. 4

5 53) Erection of the penis results from: A) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands. B) dilation of the veins in the penis. C) a spinal reflex mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system. D) a sympathetic reflex. 54) Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? A) cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline B) development of endometrial cells C) corpus luteum D) ovulation 55) Select the correct statement about male sexual response. A) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. B) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow. C) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. D) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation. 56) During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle: A) LH reaches its highest levels. B) estrogen reaches its highest levels. C) the Graafian follicle forms. D) progesterone levels are at their highest. 57) Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. A) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest. B) The menstrual phase of the cycle is from day 1 to day 8. C) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. D) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone. 58) Normally menstruation occurs when: A) blood levels of FSH fall off. B) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen. C) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase. D) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease. 59) The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that: A) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only. B) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n. C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell. D) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced. 60) Which of the following will occur after ovulation? A) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans. B) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced. D) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. 5

6 61) The seminal vesicles: A) attach at the base of the penis. B) produce about 90% of the volume of semen. C) encircle the upper part of the urethra. D) produce a yellowish fluid rich in fructose. 62) Spermatogenesis: A) results in the formation of diploid cells. B) uses mitosis to produce gamete cells. C) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. D) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes. 63) The gubernaculum: A) will become the ductus deferens. B) is a cord that will guide the descent of the testes. C) is the part of the parietal peritoneum that will become the tunica vaginalis. D) will become the spermatic cord. 64) The brain-testicular axis: A) involves FSH and LH release. B) involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones. C) is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function. D) involves a positive feedback loop control of spermatogenesis. 65) Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? A) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary. B) The ampulla is the narrow constricted region. C) The mesometrium supports the uterine tubes along their entire length. D) The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization. 66) Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle. A) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release. B) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte. C) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development. D) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation. 67) A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would: A) have impaired function of interstitial cells. B) not develop secondary sex characteristics. C) be sterile. D) be impotent (unable to have an erection). 68) Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? A) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. B) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones. C) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. D) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses. 6

7 69) A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause: A) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland. B) excessive beard growth. C) decreased testosterone secretion. D) increased spermatogenesis. 70) All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except: A) The corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation. B) Estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle. C) A decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation. D) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium. 71) Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? A) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation B) maximal LH secretion and menstruation C) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion D) early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus 72) The duct system of the male reproductive system includes: A) the ductus deferens, a duct that runs from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity. B) the epididymis, a tightly coiled tube about 6 inches long. C) the urethra, which is divided into four anatomical areas. D) the corpus spongiosum. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 73) Surgical cutting of the ductus deferens as a form of birth control is called a. 74) The erectile tissue around the urethra is the corpus. 75) The portion of the uterine endometrium that is not sloughed off every month is called the. 76) is caused by Treponema pallidum. 77) What are some risk factors for developing breast cancer? 78) What is the name given to the female homologue to the penis? 79) Describe the composition and functional roles of semen. 80) Explain the function of the myometrium and endometrium. 81) What signals the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones if the oocyte is fertilized? 82) What is the purpose of the male bulbourethral gland? 83) What is the physiological importance of the fact that the male testes descend to reside in the scrotal sac? 7

8 84) Ovulation occurs when the oocyte is released into the peritoneal cavity. By what means does it usually enter the fallopian tube? 85) At what point is the sex of the embryo determined, and what determines it? ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 86) Because of the resurgence of cervical cancer in young women, what important information should a nurse share with young women at a local health fair? 8

9 Answer Key Testname: 27-REPRO.TST SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 1) E 2) D 3) C MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. 4) A 5) B 6) D 7) E 8) C 9) E 10) C 11) A 12) B 13) D TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 14) TRUE 15) FALSE 16) TRUE 17) FALSE 18) FALSE 19) TRUE 20) TRUE 21) TRUE 22) TRUE 23) FALSE 24) FALSE 25) FALSE 26) TRUE 27) FALSE 28) FALSE 29) FALSE 30) TRUE 31) FALSE 32) TRUE 33) TRUE 34) TRUE MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 35) B 36) B 37) A 38) A 39) D 40) A 41) D 1

10 Answer Key Testname: 27-REPRO.TST 42) B 43) D 44) D 45) C 46) D 47) D 48) A 49) B 50) D 51) D 52) A 53) C 54) C 55) C 56) D 57) C 58) D 59) C 60) D 61) D 62) D 63) B 64) A 65) A 66) A 67) C 68) C 69) C 70) D 71) C 72) A SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 73) vasectomy 74) spongiosum 75) stratum basalis 76) Syphilis 77) Some of the risk factors for developing breast cancer are: (1) early onset of menses and late menopause; (2) first pregnancy late in life or no pregnancies at all; (3) repeated X rays without proper protection against radiation; (4) cigarette smoking and excessive use of alcohol; (5) a high-fat diet; (6) advanced age; (7) familial history of breast cancer and other cancer histories. 78) The female clitoris is homologous to the glans penis of the male. It is homologous in that it contains dorsal erectile columns and can become swollen with blood during tactile stimulation. 79) Semen is a fluid mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions (prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral). The liquid provides a transport medium for nutrients and contains chemicals that protect the sperm and facilitate their movements. 80) The myometrium plays an active role during childbirth when it contracts rhythmically to force the baby out of the mother's body. The endometrium is the innermost lining of the uterus where the embryo implants and stays for the rest of its development. 2

11 Answer Key Testname: 27-REPRO.TST 81) Once the embryo has implanted, it sends out its own hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates the corpus luteum to maintain and even increase its hormone production. 82) Since it releases its contents prior to ejaculation, its function is probably to neutralize the acids in the vagina. 83) The male testes descend into the scrotal sac so that a fairly constant intrascrotal temperature is maintained. Failure of the testes to descend results in sterility, because production of viable spermatozoa requires a temperature several degrees lower than normal body temperature. 84) Fimbriae, which drape over the ovary, become very active close to the time of ovulation and undulate to create currents in the peritoneal fluid. These currents usually carry the oocyte to the uterine tube, where it begins its journey toward the uterus. 85) Genetic sex is determined at the instant the genes of a sperm combine with those of an ovum. The determining factor is the sex chromosomes each gamete contains. ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 86) There is a risk of cervical cancer with an increase in the number of sexual partners and with early incidence of first intercourse. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection also appears to increase the risk of cervical cancer. A thorough yearly gynecological examination, including a Pap test should be encouraged. The women should be taught to report to their physician any abnormal bleeding or drainage. 3

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) LH