Biology Unit III Exam» Form C

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1 Directions: For each of the following questions, decide which of the choices is best and fill in the corresponding space on the answer document. 1. Which of these sets of chromosomes is found in a single human female cell? A. one X chromosome and one Y chromosome B. two X chromosomes C. two Y chromosomes D. 23 Y chromosomes 5. Human are diploid, and human are haploid. A. gametes; somatic cells B. gametes; autosomes C. autosomes; sex chromosomes D. somatic cells; gametes 2. How many human sperm cells will be formed by a cell that undergoes meiosis? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D Sperm and eggs are produced in the cellular process of A. mitosis. B. meiosis. C. fertilization. D. endocytosis. 4. Before meiosis a cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from the mother and one from the father. During meiosis half of the chromosomes go to one side of the cell and half go to the opposite side. Which chromosomes go to each side of the cell? 6. The type of cell that results from the union of gametes (fertilization) is A. haploid. B. diploid. C. an egg. D. a spore. 7. Meiosis occurs in the A. liver. B. lungs. C. pancreas. D. ovaries. 8. Crossing over is A. A key process that occurs during mitosis. B. what makes cells become cancerous. C. important in genetic recombination. D. an important process in chromosome repair. A. All of the chromosomes from one parent go to one side. B. The chromosomes with the most advantageous traits go to one side. C. The chromosomes with the most dominant traits go to one side. D. The chromosomes from each parent are randomly divided between the two sides. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 1 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

2 9. People who have mosaic Down syndrome have some cells that have trisomy 21 and some cells that have the typical number of chromosomes. They often have many of the same characteristics as people with trisomy 21, but they tend to have higher IQs and less delayed development of motor skills. What could cause an individual to have the mosaic form of Down syndrome? 12. The diagram below shows a diploid cell undergoing a process that results in four haploid cells. A. a single nondisjunction during sex cell formation in the individual B. a single nondisjunction during body cell formation in the individual C. a single nondisjunction during sex cell formation in the individual s parent D. a single nondisjunction during body cell formation in the individual s parent 10. The products of meiosis are A. zygotes (fertilized eggs). B. gametes (egg and sperm). C. somatic cells. D. blood cells. 11. Which of these steps in meiosis is directly responsible for some of the genetic variation seen in a given population? A. the production of polar bodies B. the condensing of chromatin in the nucleus C. the crossing over of homologous chromosomes D. the change from diploid to haploid chromosome number In which type of cells does the process shown in the diagram occur? A. kidney cells B. liver cells C. ovary cells D. skin cells 13. Human parents have 46 chromosomes. Why do human offspring have 46 chromosomes instead of 92 chromosomes? A. Only the male parent contributes chromosomes to the offspring. B. Only the female parent contributes chromosomes to the offspring. C. Both parents contribute only one-half of their chromosomes to the offspring. D. Only half of the chromosomes that the male and female parents contribute survive in the offspring. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 2 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

3 What is the chromosome number for the cells labeled 3 in the diagram? A. 1n B. 2n C. 3n D. 4n The process pictured above is an example of A. mitosis. B. endocytosis. C. exocytosis. D. meiosis. 15. How does the crossing over of homologous chromosome pairs affect cells during meiosis? A. It produces two genetically identical diploid cells. B. It separates paternal and maternal genetic material. C. It creates new genetic material through replication of chromosomes. D. It recombines genetic material through the breaking and rejoining of chromosomes. 17. A father has two different alleles for the same gene. Scientists can't be certain which allele will end up in a sperm cell, but they can use probability to make a prediction. Which event during meiosis makes it necessary to use probability to predict the chances that a particular allele will end up in a sperm cell? A. The nucleus is divided along a line that may be at any possible angle. B. Chromosomes segregate randomly to opposite poles. C. Chromosomes are replicated randomly at the start of meiosis. D. The alleles are sorted to opposite poles according to whether they are dominant or recessive. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 3 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

4 18. results in the new combination of genetic material from both parents. A. Binary fussion B. Fertilization C. Budding D. Mitosis 20. The cell shown below contains two pairs of chromosomes. 19. A frog has 24 chromosomes. How many of these chromosomes did this frog MOST LIKELY get from its father? A. 0 B. 12 C. 24 D. 48 Which gamete is LEAST LIKELY to be formed by meiosis of this cell? A. B. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 4 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

5 21. In an organism, genes A and B are on different chromosomes. This organism has the A, a, B, and b alleles. During meiosis, the A allele moved to the right side of the dividing nucleus, and the a allele moved to the left. 23. Klinefelter s syndrome is a condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome. XXY males are sterile and may have other characteristic physical differences from normal XY males. What causes Klinefelter s syndrome? A. nondisjunction of autosomes during meiosis B. nondisjunction of autosomes during mitosis C. nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis D. nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during mitosis 24. Somatic cells from an ancient human were discovered in a preserved state. What would be the best way for a scientist to learn whether the cells came from a male? A. determine whether an X chromosome is present B. determine whether a Y chromosome is present C. count the total number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus D. count the total number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus and divide by two What will happen to the B allele? A. The B allele will move to the right side. B. The B allele will move to the left side. C. There is an equal chance that the B allele will move to the right side or the left side. D. Most likely the B allele will move to the right side, but it could move to the left side. 22. Cell division by meiosis occurs in A. neurons in the brain. B. muscle cells in the heart. C. the ovaries or testes. D. the arm and leg bones. 25. What is the process pictured below? A. egg production B. stem cell production C. sperm production D. red blood cell production 26. Which of the following is the most important difference between meiosis and mitosis? A. Chromosomes are duplicated before mitosis. B. Meiosis is not followed by cytokinesis. C. Homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated in meiosis. D. Crossing over occures in mitosis. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 5 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

6 27. Which types of cells in multicellular organisms undergo meiosis? A. the somatic cells that are in the body B. the sperm and egg cells that are dividing C. the cells that become sperm and egg cells D. the zygote that results from the union of sperm and egg 31. Which types of human cells undergo meiosis? A. all cells in the body B. female and male gametes C. all cells in ovaries and testes D. spermatogonia and oogonia 28. Meiosis is A. the process that halves the number of chromosomes in cells. B. the process by which diploid cells are produced. C. important in asexual reproduction. D. responsible for growth and repair of tissues. 29. A homozygous black guinea pig (BB) and a homozygous brown guinea pig (bb) breed and have offspring. What will be the phenotype of their offspring in the F 1 generation? A. all black guinea pigs B. all brown guinea pigs C. one black and three brown guinea pigs D. one brown and three black guinea pigs 30. A zygote (fertilized egg cell) has A. the same combination of alleles as the mother. B. the same combination of alleles as the father. C. a different combination of alleles than the mother and father. D. a total of the mother's alleles plus the father's alleles. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 6 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

7 32. The diagrams below each show a different way that two gametes containing chromosomes unite. Which diagram correctly shows the inheritance of chromosomes when two gametes unite? A. B. 33. Scientists are studying the skin cells of an organism. Which cell structure would the scientists study in order to determine the sex of the individual? A. lysosomes B. chromosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. plasma membrane 34. During meiosis the arrangement and segregation of chromosomes ensures C. A. the production of four identical gametes. B. that chromosome pairs will remain connected. C. that all of the offspring will be identical to one another. D. the random assortment of chromosomes in daughter cells. D. DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 7 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

8 35. The diagram below shows an interaction occurring between two chromosomes. 36. The diagram below represents the nucleus of an unfertilized mouse egg cell. Each black oval represents a chromosome. This cell is a product of meiosis. During which process does the interaction shown above happen? A. meiosis B. mitosis C. translation D. transcription How many chromosomes are present in adult, nonsex cells of the mouse? A. 10 B. 20 C. 40 D. 80 Stop! You Go have on finished to the next this page exam.» DataDirector Exam ID: 9847 Page 8 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.