Evolution: Its History and its Content. Interlude I.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Evolution: Its History and its Content. Interlude I."

Transcription

1 Evolution: Its History and its Content. Interlude I. Exhuming the First American Mastodon". Painting by American artistnaturalist, Charles Willson Peale ( ), who directed the excavation near Montgomery, New York and later memorialized the event in oil. 1

2 The Ohio Animal (N. A. Mastodon). Reading: Simpson (1942, pp ). Both mammoth and mastodon bones the former identified as elephants by African slaves. 1. Collected in pre-revolutionary America; 2. Sent to London and Paris for study by European naturalists. Regarding mastodon tusks and teeth from Big Bone Lick, he received while in London, 1. Benjamin Franklin observed that The tusks agree with those of the African and Asiatic elephant in being nearly-of the same form and texture,. But the grinders differ, being full of knobs, like the grinders of a carnivorous animal; when those of the elephant, who eats only vegetables, are almost smooth. But then we know of no other animal with tusks like an elephant, to whom such grinders might belong. [Letter of 5 August, 1767] 2. In short, mastodon fossils violated what Cuvier would later call the Principle of Determination. 2

3 Figure 1. Big Bone Lick in what is now northern Kentucky was a source of mammoth and mastodon fossils in pre- Revolutionary America. Remains of the Ohio animal (American mastodon), so named because of the nearby Ohio River and excavated in 1801 yielded the first fully articulated North American fossil skeleton. 3. Distribution also a problem: Contemporary elephants not found in cold environments. 4. And there was the matter of extinction were the animals still alive? 3

4 Rejecting extinction, French naturalist, Louis-Jean- Marie Daubenton, concluded (1764) that mastodon fossils were the remains of two different animals elephants (femurs, tusks) and hippopotami (molars). 1. Ben Franklin also rejected extinction, but imagined mastodon teeth a variation on the elephant pattern. 2. Thomas Jefferson a. Imagined that the beasts still lived and charged Lewis and Clark to look for them. b. It may be asked, he wrote (Simpson, 1942), why I insert the mammoth [mastodon] [in a list of animals common to Europe and America], as if it still existed? I ask in return, why I should omit it? Such is the economy of nature, that no instance can be produced, of her having permitted any one race of her animals to become extinct; of her having formed any link in her great work so weak as to be broken. To add to this, the traditionary testimony of the Indians, that this animal still exists in the northern and western parts of America, would be adding the light of a taper to that of the meridian sun. [p. 150] c. In the 18 th century, belief in non-extinction ubiquitous. Recall Lamarck. 4

5 Cuvier, who did believe in extinction, eventually solved the problem. 1. The NA fossils represented two species: a. One elephant-like (mammoth) b. The other different (mastodon) 2. Both herbivorous. a. Mammoth molars elephant-like w. transverse ridges useful for grinding grass (savannah dwellers). b. Mastodon grinders had prominent cusps useful for tearing leaves and branches (forest dwellers). Figure 2 Mastodon (left) and mammoth (right) molars compared. 3. Mastodon tusks and teeth were not comingled remains of two species. 4. Both species cold-adapted e.g., had wooly fur. 5. Both extinct. 5

6 Phylogeny. Figure 3. Elephant phylogeny inferred from Mit-DNA analysis using mastodon as an outgroup (Roland et al., 2007). 6

7 Tooth Evolution Figure 4. Tooth evolution suggests a shift from forest browsing to savannah grazing in the line(s) leading to elephants. From Shoshani (1998). 7

8 Out of Africa. Figure 5. Like humans, mammoths evolved in Africa and spread first to Eurasia and then to the Americas. From ( antidae.php).the survival of island populations long after their mainland relatives had died out suggests that human hunting may have played a role in the species demise. 8

When the last member of a species dies without any surviving

When the last member of a species dies without any surviving 89 Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? TA L K I N G I T OV E R When the last member of a species dies without any surviving offspring, we say that that species has become extinct. Every species alive today is related

More information

When the last member of a species dies without any surviving

When the last member of a species dies without any surviving 89 Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? ta l k i n g i t ov e r When the last member of a species dies without any surviving offspring, we say that that species has become extinct. Every species alive today is related

More information

2. What happens to the bunny population if a friend is never added? What happens when you add a friend?

2. What happens to the bunny population if a friend is never added? What happens when you add a friend? Name: Natural Selection Simulation at PHET http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=natural_selection (link is also posted on Evolution Unit page at www.biologybynapier.com ) Exploration: Access

More information

Living Environment. 1. Some of the concepts included in Darwin's theory of natural selection are represented in the diagram below.

Living Environment. 1. Some of the concepts included in Darwin's theory of natural selection are represented in the diagram below. Mr. Burger Name Living Environment 1. Some of the concepts included in Darwin's theory of natural selection are represented in the diagram below. Which concept would be correctly placed in box X? 1) use

More information

Structure of an Incisor

Structure of an Incisor MAMMALIAN TEETH Mammals have different types and shapes of teeth and they are thus termed Heterodonts. Those which have teeth of the same size and shapes are termed as Homodonts. In mammals teeth consist

More information

Heterodont animals *

Heterodont animals * OpenStax-CNX module: m66060 1 Heterodont animals * Marcos Gridi-Papp This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 Abstract Mammals evolved a heterodont

More information

The West Indian Manatee- A Study in Evolutionary Patterns

The West Indian Manatee- A Study in Evolutionary Patterns The West Indian Manatee- A Study in Evolutionary Patterns Purpose To study three animals as examples of convergent and divergent evolution Name Objective Identify similarities and differences between the

More information

Lesson Seven Paleoecology: Determining the Diet of Ancient Animals

Lesson Seven Paleoecology: Determining the Diet of Ancient Animals Lesson Seven Paleoecology: Determining the Diet of Ancient Animals Summary Paleoecology, or the study of ancient ecosystems and how plants and animals interacted, includes many disciplines. One component

More information

Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth

Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth Elephant Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 11 9-6-1986 Enamel Prism Patterns in Proboscidean Molar Teeth F. Daniel Cring Department of Anthropology, University of Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant

More information

Q1.Darwin s theory of natural selection states that all living things have evolved from simple life forms.

Q1.Darwin s theory of natural selection states that all living things have evolved from simple life forms. VARIATION AND EVOLUTION. NAME.. Q.Darwin s theory of natural selection states that all living things have evolved from simple life forms. (a) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

More information

By Zara. Asian Elephant

By Zara. Asian Elephant By Zara Asian Elephant Introduction The scientific name for the Asian Elephants is Elephas Maximus. They are currently endangered, and is fastly decreasing because of deforestation and making room for

More information

ANIMAL BITES. Lesson Plan. Skullduggery, Inc. 624 South B Street Tustin, CA (800) FAX (714)

ANIMAL BITES. Lesson Plan. Skullduggery, Inc. 624 South B Street Tustin, CA (800) FAX (714) ANIMAL BITES Lesson Plan Skullduggery, Inc. 624 South B Street Tustin, CA 92680 (800) 336-7745 FAX (714) 832-1215 OBJECTIVE The Kit utilizes teeth and mandible fragment replicas to give students a unique

More information

Adaptation to diet. Different animals have different sets of teeth depending on the type of food that they eat:

Adaptation to diet. Different animals have different sets of teeth depending on the type of food that they eat: Adaptation to diet Different animals have different sets of teeth depending on the type of food that they eat: 1. Herbivore plants (teeth for grazing and grinding) 2. Carnivore animals/meat (teeth for

More information

water from several miles away.

water from several miles away. by The elephant is the world s largest mammal. It can weigh between 3.5 and 6.5 tons (that s 7,000 to 13,200 pounds!) and grow up to 11 feet tall. To put that in some perspective, an average car weighs

More information

ANIMALS AND THEIR HABITATS: KS2 STUDENT RESOURCES

ANIMALS AND THEIR HABITATS: KS2 STUDENT RESOURCES ANIMALS AND THEIR HABITATS: KS2 STUDENT RESOURCES ANIMALS AND THEIR HABITATS (Lesson 1:1) Living things need Micro habitats Macro habitats Animals Difference? Plants Name: Class: Date: COMPARING ANIMALS

More information

Third Grade Second Nine-Week ELA Study Guide 2015

Third Grade Second Nine-Week ELA Study Guide 2015 Third Grade Second Nine-Week ELA Study Guide 2015 The nine-week reading test will include: 2 informational (non-fiction) passages, 1-historical fictional passage, 1-folktale and 1-poem. There are 50 questions

More information

Lesson 2 Asexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. Content Vocabulary LESSON 2

Lesson 2 Asexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. Content Vocabulary LESSON 2 Lesson 2 Name Date Class Content Vocabulary Directions: Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of each definition. Then unscramble the letters from the shaded boxes to spell an eighth term. asexual

More information

In the mid-20th century the structure of DNA was discovered. What is a section of DNA which codes for one specific protein called?

In the mid-20th century the structure of DNA was discovered. What is a section of DNA which codes for one specific protein called? Q1.Our understanding of genetics and inheritance has improved due to the work of many scientists. (a) Draw one line from each scientist to the description of their significant work. Scientist Description

More information

QCM. a) To ride b) To cycle c) Cycle d) Cycling

QCM. a) To ride b) To cycle c) Cycle d) Cycling QCM a) To ride b) To cycle c) Cycle d) Cycling 2/ The healthful properties of. for centuries. a) have known b) have knew c) have been known d) have been knowing 3/ Egypt is a city. ancient traditions can

More information

Forensic Anthropology Open Notes Practice Test

Forensic Anthropology Open Notes Practice Test Name: Date: 1/2/18 Section Broughton High School 1 Section 1: - True or False Forensic Anthropology Open Notes Practice Test 1. The number of bones in the body increases from the time of birth to adulthood.

More information

Do Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana interbreed?

Do Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana interbreed? Elephant Volume Issue Article - Do Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana interbreed? Colin P. Groves Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University Peter Grubb Follow this and

More information

Fossil Kit Laboratory Investigation 5: Fossil Teeth. Desired Results

Fossil Kit Laboratory Investigation 5: Fossil Teeth. Desired Results Fossil Kit Laboratory Investigation 5: Fossil Teeth Investigation Summary: Students examine and compare fossil and modern teeth. Students use properties of tooth shape and size to identify and interpret

More information

QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT

QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT Eighth Grade Science 1 2 3 4 QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT Zanesville City Schools 1 1. [LS 1] [R3] Scientists found fish fossils in the desert. What do the fossils tell about this environment when the fish were

More information

GCSE 4461/02 BIOLOGY 1 HIGHER TIER SCIENCE A/BIOLOGY. P.M. MONDAY, 10 June hour. Centre Number. Candidate Number. Surname.

GCSE 4461/02 BIOLOGY 1 HIGHER TIER SCIENCE A/BIOLOGY. P.M. MONDAY, 10 June hour. Centre Number. Candidate Number. Surname. Surname Other Names Centre Number 0 Candidate Number GCSE 4461/02 SCIENCE A/BIOLOGY BIOLOGY 1 HIGHER TIER P.M. MONDAY, 10 June 2013 1 hour ADDITIONAL MATERIALS In addition to this paper you may require

More information

The Elephant Family MATRIARCH HERDS FEMALES MALES

The Elephant Family MATRIARCH HERDS FEMALES MALES The Elephant Family Elephants live in family groups called HERDS. Herds are made up of all the mother elephants and their babies. The oldest mother is called the MATRIARCH who is the leader of the herd.

More information

CHAPTER 20 LECTURE SLIDES

CHAPTER 20 LECTURE SLIDES CHAPTER 20 LECTURE SLIDES To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off. Please note: once you have used any of the

More information

S.No. Chapters Page No. 1. Plants Animals Air Activities on Air Water Our Body...

S.No. Chapters Page No. 1. Plants Animals Air Activities on Air Water Our Body... 1 Contents S.No. Chapters Page No. 1. Plants... 1 2. Animals... 7 3. Air... 14 4. Activities on Air... 16 5. Water... 18 6. Our Body... 21 7. Food & Nutrition... 25 8. Safety and First Aid... 28 9. Up

More information

Second Term Test Grade 10 English Language

Second Term Test Grade 10 English Language Second Term Test - 2015 Grade 10 English Language Name :. Time :3 Hours Paper 1 Answer all the questions on this paper itself. o Test 1: Complete the sentences using the most suitable word from the box.

More information

EUTHERIAN MAMMALS. Eutherian Mammals are classified into orders on the basis of dentition. It does not involve phylogeny.

EUTHERIAN MAMMALS. Eutherian Mammals are classified into orders on the basis of dentition. It does not involve phylogeny. EUTHERIAN MAMMALS Eutherian Mammals are classified into orders on the basis of dentition. It does not involve phylogeny. Dinosaurs..? TROPHIC TYPES FOUND AMONG EUTHERIAN MAMMALS Predators Flesh eaters

More information

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0610 BIOLOGY

MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0610 BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2010 question paper for the guidance of teachers 0610 BIOLOGY 0610/62

More information

Genes in a Population

Genes in a Population Population Genetics Genes in a Population Population genetics is the study of allele behavior in a population. A population is a group of local interbreeding individuals of a single species Example: ABO

More information

Natural Selection. species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring

Natural Selection. species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring Imagine that you and your classmates are taking a nature hike through a nearby desert ecosystem. The hot sun is beating down on you, and you begin to wonder how anything could live in this harsh climate.

More information

SBI Indicators(s) Materials. ESOL Accommodations. Marzano Strategy. Patterns of Thinking

SBI Indicators(s) Materials. ESOL Accommodations. Marzano Strategy. Patterns of Thinking Catch an Elephant First Grade: Language Arts SBI Indicators(s) Materials ELA.G1.1.b.1; ELA.G1.7.b Gifted behaviors to look for: Creative- Communicative- Curious ESOL Accommodations Marzano Strategy Patterns

More information

The Digestive System. Bringing it In and Taking it Out

The Digestive System. Bringing it In and Taking it Out The Digestive System Bringing it In and Taking it Out Digestive System (on sheet, not notes ) Organ System Function Organs/Parts Digestive system To extract energy and nutrients from food To eliminate

More information

Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores...Oh My! The Nutritional Requirements of Different Species in a Community

Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores...Oh My! The Nutritional Requirements of Different Species in a Community Data Set 1: Digestive tracts Background Tina Vega, zookeeper at Brookfield Zoo, is constantly addressing the nutritional needs of different species in her care. The nutritional needs within a wild community

More information

The Digestive System Exam Questions

The Digestive System Exam Questions The Digestive System Exam Questions 2012 - Higher Name an enzyme. Name the substrate that the enzyme you have named acts on. Name the product of the action of this enzyme. What reagent might you use, in

More information

Walking upright Specific changes in chewing design: teeth, jaws and skull. Homonoidea, Hominidae, Hominininae, Hominini, Hominina, Homo

Walking upright Specific changes in chewing design: teeth, jaws and skull. Homonoidea, Hominidae, Hominininae, Hominini, Hominina, Homo Bio 1M: Hominins (complete) 1 Emergence Hominins refer to people and our upright ancestors Characterized by: Walking upright Specific changes in chewing design: teeth, jaws and skull Taxonomy Homonoidea,

More information

How Organisms Evolve Chapters The Theory of Evolution. The Theory of Evolution. Evolution can be traced through the fossil record.

How Organisms Evolve Chapters The Theory of Evolution. The Theory of Evolution. Evolution can be traced through the fossil record. How Organisms Evolve Chapters 14-15 The Theory of Evolution Evolution is the process of change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms from one generation to the next. The inherited traits

More information

Equine Dentistry Educating horse owners about the importance of proper equine dental care

Equine Dentistry Educating horse owners about the importance of proper equine dental care Equine Dentistry Educating horse owners about the importance of proper equine dental care From Ancient to Modern Horse Complex Oral Anatomy Equine Chewing Cycle Important Age- Related Facts The Basics

More information

Key Issue 4: Why do some regions face health threats?

Key Issue 4: Why do some regions face health threats? Key Issue 4: Why do some regions face health threats? Created by Abel Omran in 1971 Epidemiological transition accounts for the replacement of infectious diseases by chronic diseases over time due to expanded

More information

Forensic Anthropology. Introduction

Forensic Anthropology. Introduction Forensic Anthropology Introduction Forensic anthropology refers to the application of science of Physical anthropology to legal processes. It also involves the application of human ostedology to legal

More information

Lecture. Permanent maxillary premolars

Lecture. Permanent maxillary premolars Lecture Permanent maxillary premolars Permanent premolars The maxillary premolars are four in number: two in the right and two in the left. They are posterior to the canines and anterior to the molars.

More information

Primates share several behavioral and biological characteristics, which indicates that they evolved from a common ancestor.

Primates share several behavioral and biological characteristics, which indicates that they evolved from a common ancestor. Section 1: share several behavioral and biological characteristics, which indicates that they evolved from a common ancestor. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions

More information

Wriggle and Crawl Medium Term Plan

Wriggle and Crawl Medium Term Plan Wriggle and Crawl Medium Term Plan Subject/ Topic: Science living things, habitats, animals including humans Year Group: 1/2 Date: Summer II 2017 Key questions are differentiated - orange = basic, turquoise

More information

Food Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?"

Food Chains and Webs --- What's for dinner? Food Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?" Every organism needs to obtain energy in order to live. For example, plants get energy from the sun, some animals eat plants, and some animals eat other animals.

More information

Elephants. Ending a z visit for thousands of books and materials. Word Count: 693. A Reading A-Z Level N Leveled Book

Elephants. Ending a z visit  for thousands of books and materials. Word Count: 693. A Reading A-Z Level N Leveled Book Elephants A Reading A-Z Level N Leveled Book Word Count: 693 Ending a z visit www.readingo-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Elephants Photo Credits: Front cover: Fritz Kocher/123RF;

More information

Praise for Peter Matthiessen s AFRICAN SILENCES

Praise for Peter Matthiessen s AFRICAN SILENCES Praise for Peter Matthiessen s AFRICAN SILENCES His latest, African Silences, is an account of two trips Matthiessen made to Africa; it s as multifaceted as he is. It s part travelogue, part nature study,

More information

Elephants. Elephants LEVELED BOOK N. Visit for thousands of books and materials.

Elephants. Elephants LEVELED BOOK N.   Visit   for thousands of books and materials. Elephants A Reading A Z Level N Leveled Book Word Count: 693 LEVELED BOOK N Elephants Written by Kira Freed Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Elephants Photo

More information

SPINE ROAD HIGH SCHOOL

SPINE ROAD HIGH SCHOOL SPINE ROAD HIGH SCHOOL VIA AD SUCCESSORUM LIFE SCIENCES GRADE 11 CONTROL TEST 1-2017 TIME: 1½ hours MARKS: 80 INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions. 1.

More information

Applications of C in animals: Diet and resource partitioning, resource allocation. All using differences in 13 C C3 and C4 plants

Applications of C in animals: Diet and resource partitioning, resource allocation. All using differences in 13 C C3 and C4 plants Applications of C in animals: Diet and resource partitioning, resource allocation All using differences in 13 C C3 and C4 plants Renewable and nonrenewable resources: Amino acid turnover and allocation

More information

Building Blocks. Ready-To-Use Activities to Supplement Any Teaching Situation

Building Blocks. Ready-To-Use Activities to Supplement Any Teaching Situation Cross-Curricular Grades 3-4 Building Blocks Ready-To-Use Activities to Supplement Any Teaching Situation Concept: Geoffrey R. Lorenz Authors: Judy A. Johnson Bonnie J. Krueger Editor: Barbara S. Meeks

More information

Special Educational Needs (SEN) HANDS-ON REPTILES

Special Educational Needs (SEN) HANDS-ON REPTILES Special Educational Needs (SEN) HANDS-ON REPTILES General points about this talk: This is a fun interactive talk which includes the opportunity to touch some reptiles. This talk generally lasts 30 minutes

More information

chapter five Benjamin Franklin

chapter five Benjamin Franklin chapter five THE INTELLIGENCE OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY My refusing to eat flesh occasioned an inconveniency, and I was frequently chided for my singularity, but, with this lighter repast, I made the greater

More information

surname number OXFORD CAMBRIDGE AND RSA EXAMINATIONS GCSE B731/02 GATEWAY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Biology modules B1, B2, B3 (Higher Tier)

surname number OXFORD CAMBRIDGE AND RSA EXAMINATIONS GCSE B731/02 GATEWAY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Biology modules B1, B2, B3 (Higher Tier) Candidate forename Centre number Candidate surname Candidate number OXFORD CAMBRIDGE AND RSA EXAMINATIONS GCSE B731/02 GATEWAY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Biology modules B1, B2, B3 (Higher Tier) THURSDAY 12 JANUARY

More information

PARTS OF AN ELEPHANT TRUNK EAR EYE TAIL LEG HOOF TUSK

PARTS OF AN ELEPHANT TRUNK EAR EYE TAIL LEG HOOF TUSK PARTS OF AN ELEPHANT TRUNK EAR EYE TAIL LEG HOOF TUSK Elephants 1. Match the descriptions to the pictures. 1. 2. 3. A. High up, near tall mountains (Asia). B. Here, it hasn t rained for months (Africa).

More information

Answer the following questions to the best of your ability.

Answer the following questions to the best of your ability. Answer the following questions to the best of your ability. 1. Which statement best describes cellular respiration? A) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. B) It converts energy in food into

More information

Adaptation of Gestation or Egg- laying in Species Depends on the Amount of Internal Heat Generated in Digesting the Food

Adaptation of Gestation or Egg- laying in Species Depends on the Amount of Internal Heat Generated in Digesting the Food Adaptation of Gestation or Egg- laying in Species Depends on the Amount of Internal Heat Generated in Digesting the Food Karunakar Marasakatla *Correspondence to: kmarasakatla@gmail.com Abstract: Anatomically

More information

Food Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?"

Food Chains and Webs --- What's for dinner? Food Chains and Webs --- "What's for dinner?" Every organism needs to obtain energy in order to live. For example, plants get energy from the sun, some animals eat plants, and some animals eat other animals.

More information

Multiple choice questions (1 pt each)

Multiple choice questions (1 pt each) Ant1050 Midterm Exam Fall 2009 Name: 1 Abbreviations involving time: ky, thousands of years; my, millions of years; kya, thousands of years ago; mya, millions of years ago. Multiple choice questions (1

More information

Permanent 2 nd Maxillary Molars

Permanent 2 nd Maxillary Molars Permanent 2 nd Maxillary Molars In comparison to the first max molar First molars appears in the oral cavity at the age of 6 years old.. While 2 nd molar 3 rd molar Max. 2 nd molar have long roots (sometimes

More information

Subject: E.V.S.E.CW.

Subject: E.V.S.E.CW. Std:III rd. Subject: E.V.S.E.CW. Sl.no. Title. Peg No 1) The Living and non The living. 2 2) Living things Around us. 3 3) The World animals. 4-5 4) Environment Around us. 5-6 5) Our sense organ. 6-7 6)

More information

Q: What do we perceive directly? The Arguments from Illusion & Hallucination

Q: What do we perceive directly? The Arguments from Illusion & Hallucination Recap: Lecture 7 Q: What do we perceive directly? (Or: What are epistemically basic empirical beliefs about?) The Arguments from Illusion & Hallucination In cases of illusion and hallucination, we do not

More information

Warm-Up. Distinguish between an element and a compound. Element. Compound

Warm-Up. Distinguish between an element and a compound. Element. Compound Warm-Up Distinguish between an element and a compound. Element Compound Warm-Up Distinguish between an element and a compound. Element Cannot be broken down into anything smaller Found on the Periodic

More information

READY PLUS READING. CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES, Inc.

READY PLUS READING. CURRICULUM ASSOCIATES, Inc. A Quick-Study Program TEST Book 7 READY PLUS READING REVIEWS Key Concepts in Reading Comprehension PROVIDES Practice Answering a Variety of Comprehension Questions STRENGTHENS Critical-Thinking Skills

More information

5. Which word describes the tone of

5. Which word describes the tone of Name: Date: WEEK 14 1 Read the text and then answer the questions. Have you ever wondered about where we get our food? All living things require energy to survive. They receive that energy from food. All

More information

Matter and Energy Transfer

Matter and Energy Transfer Imagine for a moment that you stay after school one day to clean up the classroom. While cleaning, you move some plants away from the sunny windows. A week later, you remember to move the plants back.

More information

Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores...Oh My! The Nutritional Requirements of Different Species in a Community

Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores...Oh My! The Nutritional Requirements of Different Species in a Community Data Set 1: Digestive tracts Background Tina Vega, zookeeper at Brookfield Zoo, is constantly addressing the nutritional needs of different species in her care. The nutritional needs within a wild community

More information

The Importance of Maintaining the Health of Your Horse's Mouth

The Importance of Maintaining the Health of Your Horse's Mouth Dental Care The Importance of Maintaining the Health of Your Horse's Mouth Routine dental care is essential to your horse's health. Periodic examination, correction s and regular maintenance, are especially

More information

1 24% 25 49% 50 74% 75 99% Every time or 100% 2. Do you assess caries risk for individual patients in any way? Yes

1 24% 25 49% 50 74% 75 99% Every time or 100% 2. Do you assess caries risk for individual patients in any way? Yes 1. When you examine patients to determine if they have a primary caries lesion, on what percent of these patients do you use airdrying to help diagnose the lesion? Never or 0% (skip to question 3) 1 24%

More information

2018 Teeth. DENTITION refers to the makeup of a set of teeth, including their type, number, and arrangement.

2018 Teeth. DENTITION refers to the makeup of a set of teeth, including their type, number, and arrangement. 2018 Teeth DENTITION refers to the makeup of a set of teeth, including their type, number, and arrangement. A dog's mouth is constructed for the diet of a carnivore, being able to stab, catch, and hold

More information

Thursday 12 January 2012 Morning

Thursday 12 January 2012 Morning THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION F Thursday 12 January 2012 Morning GCSE GATEWAY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B B731/01 Biology modules B1, B2, B3 (Foundation Tier) *B722170112* Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

More information

Food Chains and Food Webs

Food Chains and Food Webs Program Support Notes by: Spiro Liacos B.Ed. Produced by: VEA Pty Ltd Commissioning Editor: Sandra Frerichs B.Ed, M.Ed. Executive Producers: Edwina Baden-Powell B.A, CVP. Sandra Frerichs B.Ed, M.Ed. You

More information

The Elephant Family MATRIARCH HERDS FEMALES MALES

The Elephant Family MATRIARCH HERDS FEMALES MALES The Elephant Family Elephants live in family groups called HERDS. Herds are made up of all the mother elephants and their babies. The oldest mother is called the MATRIARCH who is the leader of the herd.

More information

Dr. Martyna Osiak s African Humanitarian Service

Dr. Martyna Osiak s African Humanitarian Service Dr. Martyna Osiak s African Humanitarian Service Central African Republic is the poorest country in the world (Global Finance Magazine, 2017). Despite the richness of natural resources, climate conducive

More information

Evidence for evolution in Darwin s time came from several sources: 1. Fossils 2. Geography 3. Embryology 4. Anatomy

Evidence for evolution in Darwin s time came from several sources: 1. Fossils 2. Geography 3. Embryology 4. Anatomy Evidence for evolution in Darwin s time came from several sources: 1. Fossils 2. Geography 3. Embryology 4. Anatomy 1 Fossils in different layers of rock (sedimentary rock strata) have shown: Evidence

More information

One Stop Shop For Educator

One Stop Shop For Educator One Stop Shop For Educator The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved

More information

The Egyptian British international school Year 3 Science department Term 2. Final practice pack. Name:. Class:..

The Egyptian British international school Year 3 Science department Term 2. Final practice pack. Name:. Class:.. Final practice pack Name:. Class:.. 1 Question 1: Materials have different properties. Here are six different materials. 1- Materials Cotton- metal- stone- rubber-fabrics-paper Name one property for each

More information

The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION LIVING ENVIRONMENT. Wednesday, August 16, :30 to 3:30 p.m.

The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION LIVING ENVIRONMENT. Wednesday, August 16, :30 to 3:30 p.m. LIVING ENVIRONMENT The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION LIVING ENVIRONMENT Wednesday, August 16, 2006 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., only Student Name School Name Print your name

More information

Mammalogy 4764 Final Fall 2008 Name: Page 1 of 6

Mammalogy 4764 Final Fall 2008 Name: Page 1 of 6 Mammalogy 4764 Final Fall 2008 Name: Page 1 of 6 This is a closed book test you may not use notes, books, other people, or references to answer these questions. You must turn in the exam at the end of

More information

Living Things Need Energy

Living Things Need Energy 2 Living Things Need Energy Key Concept Energy and matter flow between organisms and their environment. What You Will Learn Producers, consumers, and decomposers have specific functions in an ecosystem.

More information

2013 Disease Detectives

2013 Disease Detectives 2013 Disease Detectives Since the catastrophic earthquake that hit Haiti in January of 2010, there have been an alarming number of cases of Cholera, spread by the Vibrio cholera bacterium, reported within

More information

4th Grade. Slide 1 / 22. Slide 2 / 22. Slide 3 / 22. Bite into Structure and Function Activity. Animal Teeth

4th Grade. Slide 1 / 22. Slide 2 / 22. Slide 3 / 22. Bite into Structure and Function Activity. Animal Teeth Slide 1 / 22 Slide 2 / 22 4th Grade Bite into Structure and Function Activity 2015-08-27 www.njctl.org Animal Teeth Slide 3 / 22 Animal teeth are a good example of how structure fits function. Below is

More information

Daily Skill Builders:

Daily Skill Builders: Daily Skill Builders: Reading Grades 4 5 By patricia McFadden COPYRIGHT 2007 Mark Twain Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-412-5 Printing No. CD-404071 Mark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers Distributed by Carson-Dellosa

More information

Conserving the Red Panda. Austine Decker

Conserving the Red Panda. Austine Decker Conserving the Red Panda Austine Decker Audience and Scope The purpose of this factsheet is to give an overview of the mammals known commonly as red pandas. Time will be spent discussing the red pandas

More information

Rare Photos Of Marilyn Monroe, Taken By The Man Who Fell In Love With Norma Jeane By: Katherine Brooks June 22, 2016

Rare Photos Of Marilyn Monroe, Taken By The Man Who Fell In Love With Norma Jeane By: Katherine Brooks June 22, 2016 Rare Photos Of Marilyn Monroe, Taken By The Man Who Fell In Love With Norma Jeane By: Katherine Brooks June 22, 2016 It sounds like the beginnings of a mid-century romance novel: Once upon a time in 1945,

More information

HIST 110 HISTORY OF CIVILIZATIONS. Week 1 & 2 October 2, Animals and Humans. Human Dynamism & Invasiveness

HIST 110 HISTORY OF CIVILIZATIONS. Week 1 & 2 October 2, Animals and Humans. Human Dynamism & Invasiveness HIST 110 HISTORY OF CIVILIZATIONS Week 1 & 2 October 2, 2015 Animals and Humans Human Dynamism & Invasiveness WHAT IS IN THIS WORKBOOK Animals and Humans mammals, marsupials, monkeys and apes Differences

More information

Human Body Questions Medium Demand

Human Body Questions Medium Demand Human Body Questions Medium Demand 1. At the dentist When Jon bites a piece of apple, there is a force from Jon s teeth on the apple. (i) Draw ONE arrow on the picture below to show the direction of the

More information

Lesson Title Cuban Missile Crisis From Debra St Jean

Lesson Title Cuban Missile Crisis From Debra St Jean TEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT 2009-2012 Grade - 8 Lesson Title Cuban Missile Crisis From Debra St Jean Length of class period 3-4 45 min. classes Inquiry (What essential question are students answering,

More information

DSB WEEKLY. Issue Christine White, Editor. 20 December, 2013

DSB WEEKLY. Issue Christine White, Editor. 20 December, 2013 Issue 1060 20 December, 201 DSB WEEKLY Christine White, Editor Paleontology and Dentistry: A Surprising Relationship Recent Publications Filling Station Menu and Notice Local Research Day Abstract Deadline:

More information

Science (www.tiwariacademy.com)

Science (www.tiwariacademy.com) () Exercises Question 1: A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost

More information

Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe

Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe Second International Ragweed Conference, March 28-29 - 2012, Lyon, France HOW TO EXPLAIN THE INTRODUCTION OF COMMON RAGWEED INTO EUROPE DURING THE XIXth CENTURY Bruno Chauvel & Quentin Martinez Ambrosia

More information

INTRODUCTION. common name: scientific name: Tursiops truncatus

INTRODUCTION. common name: scientific name: Tursiops truncatus INTRODUCTION The animal I have chosen for this task is the bottlenose dolphin. First thing you would think is what a bottlenose dolphin looks like well it has two flippers on the underside toward the head

More information

An Evolutionary Story about HIV

An Evolutionary Story about HIV An Evolutionary Story about HIV Charles Goodnight University of Vermont Based on Freeman and Herron Evolutionary Analysis The Aids Epidemic HIV has infected 60 million people. 1/3 have died so far Worst

More information

Outline. Origin and Biogeography of Human Infectious Disease. Advantages of virulence. Diseases differ in virulence. Serial passage experiments

Outline. Origin and Biogeography of Human Infectious Disease. Advantages of virulence. Diseases differ in virulence. Serial passage experiments Outline Origin and Biogeography of Human Infectious Disease Alan R. Rogers Evolution of virulence (Ewald 1983) Origin of human infectious diseases (Wolfe et al 2007). Biogeography of human infectious diseases

More information

FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS

FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS A Science A Z Life Series Word Count: 1,659 FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS Written by Kira Freed Visit www.sciencea-z.com www.sciencea-z.com Food Chains and Food Webs Key elements

More information

A METHOD FOR THE EXCAVATION OF PAREIASAURS BY LIEUWE D. BOONSTRA, D.Sc. *

A METHOD FOR THE EXCAVATION OF PAREIASAURS BY LIEUWE D. BOONSTRA, D.Sc. * A METHOD FOR THE EXCAVATION OF PAREIASAURS BY LIEUWE D. BOONSTRA, D.Sc. * With one text-figure. Read 7 July 1933. In order to conclude our series of descriptive and comparative morphological investigations

More information

Tuesday, September 25, Ethnomedicine

Tuesday, September 25, Ethnomedicine Ethnomedicine What is ethnomedicine? those beliefs and practices relating to disease which are the products of indigenous cultural development and are not explicitly derived from the conceptual system

More information

What s killing Tassie devils if it isn t a contagious cancer?

What s killing Tassie devils if it isn t a contagious cancer? University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts 2014 What s killing Tassie devils if it isn t a contagious cancer? Jody

More information

The Egyptian British international school Year 3 Science department Term 2. Final practice pack. Name:. Class:..

The Egyptian British international school Year 3 Science department Term 2. Final practice pack. Name:. Class:.. Final practice pack Name:. Class:.. 1 Question 1: Materials have different properties. Here are six different materials. 1- Materials Cotton- metal- stone- rubber-fabrics-paper Name one property for each

More information