Field Study of the Efficacy of the New Restart Provision for Hours of Service

Transcription

1 Field Study of the Efficacy of the New Restart Provision for Hours of Service August 20, 201 Dr. Mar1n R. Walker, Chief of Research, FMCSA

2 TOP THREE things to say if you are caught sleeping on the job! 3. They told me at the Blood Bank this might happen. 2. I wasn t sleeping! I was meditating on the mission statement and envisioning a new business strategy. AND THE NUMBER ONE best thing to say if you get caught sleeping on the job Raise your head slowly and say, Amen. 1

3 FMCSA s Mission Save Lives and Reduce Injuries in Truck and Bus Crashes u ART Office provides data and research to idenfy and address factors associated with CMV crashes. u ART Office supports the Agency's diverse safety iniaves by delivering safety in new ways, parcularly through advanced technologies. 2

4 Who Are We? One of 12 agencies within the U.S. DOT One of 3 agencies focused on improving highway safety Established on 2000 with offices throughout the US Approximately 1,100 employees 275 in HQ (25%) 825 in Field Offices (75%) 330 Invesgators 50 Auditors 150 Border Inspectors 610 contractors for mission support 3

5 Industry FMCSA Regulates ~ 720,000 interstate and foreign- based registered truck and bus companies ~ 8.8 million large trucks ~ 32,000 motorcoaches > 7 million truck and bus drivers

6 Driver Recovery Research Expert Panel Recommendation Recovery time be at least two uninterrupted time periods between midnight and 6 am, at least once in every 7 days (Rosekind, Neri, and Dinges, 1997; Caldwell, Caldwell, and Colon, 1998; Johnson et al., 1998). Research Literature Suggests Recovery is required because long hours of driving lead to fatigue. This fatigue is exacerbated by irregular shifts and night shifts, which reduce sleep length and quality. The research conducted by Jovanis and Kaneko (1990), Linklater (1980), and Williamson et al., (199) all support the idea that fatigue develops over the week and that recovery time is required. 5

7 Sleep Laboratory Study Results Investigation into Motor Carrier Practices to Achieve Optimal CMV Driver Performance, Phase I & II Daytime Phase restart Phase II: A two-night restart for nighttime drivers was more effective at maintaining optimal performance from duty cycle to duty cycle Nighttime PVT Lapses Phase I: The 3-hour restart was effective at mitigating sleep loss and consequent performance impairment for daytime drivers, but not for nighttime drivers Days on Shift

8 HOS Field Study Driver Recovery In MAP 21 Congress requested a field study on the efficacy of the restart. Field study is consistent with previous lab studies; data is representave of drivers affected by maximum driving me requirements; and analysis is stascally valid. Restart Break Duty Cycle Restart Break Duty Cycle Independent variable: number of Nighttime (1am 5am) periods in restart before duty cycle Data Acquisition System Measurements: Duty/driving logs Wrist activity monitoring of sleep/wakefulness Performance on the 3-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) Subjective sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Variability in lateral lane position (i.e., lane deviation) of the truck Daily quality control and phone contact with drivers 7

9 Par1cipa1ng Drivers 106 drivers (ages 2 69) completed the study (100 men, 6 women) CMV experience ranged from less than 1 to 39 years (mean 12. years) 103 drivers were employed with one of three parcipang major carriers (8 intermodal, 32 dedicated, 13 flatbed, 7 temperature control, 3 van truckload); 3 drivers were independent contractors Operaons included local (), regional (26), and over- the- road (36) Trucks driven were Freightliner Cascadia (day cab: 23; single sleeper: 1; double sleeper: 18) and Internaonal ProStar (day cab: 21; single sleeper: 3) Mean study parcipaon was 11.9 days (standard deviaon: 1.5 days) Total driver days: 1,260 Total number of PVT/KSS tests: 3,169 Total DAS- recorded truck miles: 1,937 Duty cycles preceded by a restart with only one nighime period: 71 Duty cycles preceded by a restart with more than one nighime period: 11 8

10 Results for Fa1gue (PVT, KSS, Truck) 5 Number of Lapses of Attention on the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) 1 nighttime period (1am 5am) in prior restart break 1 nighttime period (1am 5am) in prior more than 1 nighttime period restart 2 or more nighttime (1am 5am) in prior restart break periods (1am 5am) in prior restart Subjective Sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Hour of the Day Lane 5 Lane Deviation (cm) Sleepiness during Duty Cycles 0 Lane Deviation 1 nighttime period (1am 5am) in prior on Deviation restart Straight (cm) 2 or more nighttime Road periods (1am 5am) Segments in prior restart 3 2 (cm) 20 1 nighttime per (1am 5am) in p restart 2 or more night periods (1am 5 in prior restart Hour of the Day Hour of the Day 9

11 Driver Recovery Research Key findings from the naturalisc HOS field study Outcome Measure Significant Difference Drivers with One NighWme Period in Restart (Compared to Drivers with Two or More NighWme Periods in Restart) Lapses of akenon Yes Exhibited more lapses of akenon, especially at night, during duty cycles. Subjecve sleepiness Yes Reported greater sleepiness, especially toward the end of their duty periods, during duty cycles. Yes Showed increased lane deviaon (i.e., more variability in lateral lane posion) at night and in the morning and amernoon (but not in the evening) during duty cycles. Lane deviaon Study showed that having at least two nighime periods from 1am unl 5am in the restart break migates fague for nighime drivers, both objecvely and subjecvely, by increasing the total amount of sleep obtained during that restart break 10

12 Driver Recovery Research Summary Research Division is working on complementary research to provide support: A beker understanding the causes of fague, Provide data- driven foundaon for this Federal Rule, and Reduced driver fague via driver/carrier educaon, Research without Action is time Wasted, Action without Research just Passes Time. Research with Action can Change the World! 11

13 Thank You! Contact Informa1on Dr. Marn R. Walker United States Department of Transportaon Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administraon Office of Analysis, Research and Technology 1200 New Jersey Ave, SE Suite W Washington, D.C